Grammatica - loco

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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 waar . . . vandaan where . . . from waar + prep. (see Relative pronouns, 8.5.3) Direct question Wat heeft hij in zijn hand? What has he got in his hand? Indirect question Ik weet niet wat hij in zijn hand heeft. I don’t know what he has in his hand. Direct question Waar komt ze vandaan? Where does she come from? Indirect question Ik weet niet waar ze vandaan komt. I don’t know where she comes from. Direct question Welke boeken hadden ze gelezen? What books had they read? Indirect question Hij vroeg welke boeken ze gelezen hadden. He asked which books they had read. Direct question In hoeverre zal dat mogelijk zijn? To what extent will that be possible? Indirect question Ik weet niet in hoeverre dat mogelijk zal zijn. I don’t know to what extent that will be possible. Note: Often a superfluous subordinating of or dat is used after these words in colloquial speech, but the practice should be avoided (see also 12.2.1.1, 12.2.1.9 (b)): Ik vroeg me af hoe of ze dat had kunnen doen. I wondered how she had been able to do that. Ik weet niet waar of ze de bruiloft willen houden. I don’t know where they want to hold the wedding. Kun je me zeggen waar dat hij woont? Can you tell me where he lives? The same words are used as subordinating conjunctions in combination with ook to express ‘whoever’, ‘wherever’ etc. (see 8.6.5): wat . . . ook whatever wie . . . ook whoever Interrogative adverbs and pronouns introducing indirect questions 313
12 Conjunctions 314 welk(e) . .. ook whichever waar ... ook wherever hoe . . . ook however2 Wie het ook gedaan heeft, ik wens erbuiten te blijven. Whoever did it, I wish to stay out of it. (Note the word order in the second clause—there is no inversion of subject and verb.) Waar hij ook woonde, zijn allergische klachten bleven bestaan. Wherever he lived, his allergies remained. Welke weg je ook neemt, je komt altijd bij de rivier. Whichever road you take, you always get to the river. The above can be replaced by onverschillig wat/wie/welk(e)/waar/hoe or om het even wat/wie/welk(e)/waar/hoe ‘irrespective of what/who/which/ where/how’ followed by the same uninverted word order in the second clause as in the previous two examples: Onverschillig wie het gedaan heeft, ik wens erbuiten te blijven. Om het even wie het gedaan heeft, ik wens erbuiten te blijven. Whoever did it, I wish to stay out of it. In addition to the above one will hear wie dan ook, waar dan ook etc. Such expressions must not be confused with the interrogative conjunctions. They are used as follows: Zoiets kan wie dan ook gedaan hebben. Anybody might have done something like that. Ik zal er hoe dan ook een vinden. I’ll find one somehow. Kinderen van welke leeftijd dan ook werden toegelaten. Children of whatever age were admitted. Er is hier meer welvaart dan waar (dan) ook. There is more prosperity here than anywhere. 2 Note that the English adverb ‘however’ is echter, which never starts or ends a sentence and which does not require commas in Dutch: Hij heeft het echter niet kunnen doen. He wasn’t able to do it, however/He was not, however, able to do it.
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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 Content
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1 Pronunciation 2 being confused wh
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1 Pronunciation 4 the more common t
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1 Pronunciation 6 their zachte gee,
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8 Chapter 2 Spelling Spelling As wi
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2 Spelling 10 August 1996, dictated
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2 Spelling 12 doet het, hè? ‘You
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2 Spelling 14 7.2.1.4. In the follo
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2 Spelling 16 Under the spelling ru
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2 Spelling 18 2.9 The alphabet The
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20 Generally speaking Dutch punctua
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3 Punctuation 22 The following subt
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4 Cases 24 blootshoofds bare-headed
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5 Articles 26 (b) It is commonly om
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5 Articles 28 Hij is de nieuwe Comm
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5 Articles 30 (d) It is always used
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32 Chapter 6 Demonstratives Aanwijz
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34 Chapter 7 Nouns Zelfstandige naa
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7 Nouns 36 7.1.1.9 Words ending in
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7 Nouns 38 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 Neuter nou
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7 Nouns 40 7.1.2.11 Adjectives endi
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7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two gen
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7 Nouns 44 formation is always to a
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7 Nouns 46 7.2.1.6 Foreign (usually
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7 Nouns Exceptions: nouns of Greek
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7 Nouns 50 7.2.2.3 There is a small
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7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid join
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7 Nouns The Netherlands Nederland t
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7 Nouns 56 7.3.6 -ster (a) Nouns de
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7 Nouns 58 7.5.1.2 -tje (a) Words c
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7 Nouns 60 7.5.1.5 -kje Nouns endin
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7 Nouns 62 scheermes razor scheerme
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7 Nouns 64 7.5.3.1 Adverbs are the
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66 Chapter 8 Pronouns Voornaamworde
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8 Pronouns 68 (b) The unemphatic fo
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8 Pronouns 70 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 Remarks
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8 Pronouns 72 distinguish singular
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8 Pronouns 74 Doe de deur dicht! Ne
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8 Pronouns 76 Je moet de oostkust b
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8 Pronouns 78 Ik weet het wel. Ik w
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8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book
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8 Pronouns Masculine antecedents us
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8 Pronouns 84 8.4 8.4.1 Demonstrati
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8 Pronouns 86 8.5 8.5.1 Relative pr
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8 Pronouns 88 In this case the prep
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8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2
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8 Pronouns 92 8.5.8 Independent rel
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8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
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8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
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8 Pronouns 98 sommige(n) some ander
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8 Pronouns 100 Ik heb ze allebei in
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8 Pronouns 102 8.6.9 Pronominal use
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8 Pronouns 104 When waar and its pr
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106 Chapter 9 Adjectives Bijvoeglij
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9 Adjectives 108 zaakgelastigde ‘
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9 Adjectives 110 2.8), Parijs - Par
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9 Adjectives 112 9.2.2 Inflection o
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9 Adjectives 114 (am)’. It is tha
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9 Adjectives 116 Here hoogst and ui
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9 Adjectives 118 Note that Dutch vo
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9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
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9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
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9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
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9 Adjectives 126 -vormig correspond
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9 Adjectives 128 haarscherp very sh
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9 Adjectives Licht- and donker- pre
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9 Adjectives 132 there is also the
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10 Adverbs 134 are basically as for
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10 Adverbs 10.1.2.2 Minder/minst
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10 Adverbs 138 Hartstikke, although
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10 Adverbs 140 The only exceptions
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10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant
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10 Adverbs 144 Sunday week zondag o
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10 Adverbs 146 10.3.13 Now now nu (
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10 Adverbs 148 all week (long) de (
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10 Adverbs 150 not yet nog niet sti
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10 Adverbs 152 10.3.21.4 ‘Before
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10 Adverbs 154 10.3.21.11 ‘Then
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10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
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10 Adverbs 158 10.4.1 Indefinite ad
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10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
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10 Adverbs 162 10.7.7 -waarts Compa
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10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
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10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
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10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
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11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
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11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
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11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
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11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
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11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
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11 Verbs 180 Purists have a prefere
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11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
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11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
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11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
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11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
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11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
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11 Verbs 192 dragen VI drijven I dr
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11 Verbs 194 verdelgen III verdriet
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11 Verbs 196 kijken keek keken geke
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11 Verbs 198 zuipen zoop zopen gezo
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11 Verbs 200 verzwelgen verzwolg ve
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11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
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11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also
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11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
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11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had
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11 Verbs There is an adjective form
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11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
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11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
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11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
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11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
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11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
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11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
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11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
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11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
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11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
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11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
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11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
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11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
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11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
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11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
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11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
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11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
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11 Verbs 244 This double participle
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11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
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11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
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11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
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11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
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11 Verbs 254 When writing such an o
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11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
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11 Verbs 258 There are basically tw
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11 Verbs 260 zich uitsloven to go t
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Page 289 and 290: 11 Verbs 274 meaning. This process
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Page 309 and 310: 12 Conjunctions 294 Onze kennissen
Page 311 and 312: 12 Conjunctions 296 sinds since (te
Page 313 and 314: 12 Conjunctions 298 It is, for exam
Page 315 and 316: 12 Conjunctions 300 It is also used
Page 317 and 318: 12 Conjunctions 302 The adverbial c
Page 319 and 320: 12 Conjunctions 304 12.2.1.10 Naar
Page 321 and 322: 12 Conjunctions 306 12.4 Correlativ
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Page 325 and 326: 12 Conjunctions 310 om 1 in order t
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Page 333 and 334: 13 Prepositions 318 behalve ‘exce
Page 335 and 336: 13 Prepositions 320 binnen ‘withi
Page 337 and 338: 13 Prepositions 322 Hij zit (in) ee
Page 339 and 340: 13 Prepositions 324 naar Parijs ver
Page 341 and 342: 13 Prepositions 326 Onder het lezen
Page 343 and 344: 13 Prepositions 328 Als kind heb ik
Page 345 and 346: 13 Prepositions 330 sinds ‘since,
Page 347 and 348: 13 Prepositions 332 tussen 3 en 4 u
Page 349 and 350: 13 Prepositions 334 Ik heb het via
Page 351 and 352: 13 Prepositions 336 aan deze/die ka
Page 353 and 354: 13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
Page 355 and 356: 13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
Page 357 and 358: 13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
Page 359 and 360: 14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
Page 361 and 362: 14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
Page 363 and 364: 14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
Page 365 and 366: 14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
Page 367 and 368: 14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
Page 369 and 370: 14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
Page 371 and 372: 14 Numerals 356 een man van achter
Page 373 and 374: 14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
Page 375 and 376: 14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
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14 Numerals 364 14.11.2 Square and
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366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
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15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
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15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
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15 Er 372 15.5.2 When a clause begi
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374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
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16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
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16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
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16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
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16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
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Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
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390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigenna
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
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Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
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416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
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Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
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Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
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Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
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Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
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Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
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428 Index The numbers given are par
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Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
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Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
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Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
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Index 436 punctuation 3 comma 3.1 r
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Index 438 verschillende indefinite
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