Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 11.16.3 Some ‘-ing’ clauses are avoided by using dat constructions in Dutch: They had already arrived there without our/us knowing it. Ze waren er al aangekomen zonder dat wij het wisten. (Compare: We waren er al aangekomen zonder het te weten where the subject of both parts is the same, see 11.16.1 and 12.5.1.4) Instead of him doing it I had to do it. (compare 11.16.1) In plaats (van) dat hij het deed, moest ik het doen. (see 12.5.1.4) 11.16.4 Some ‘-ing’ clauses can be paraphrased by ‘since/because’ clauses which are rendered in Dutch by the conjunctions daar/omdat, the former being rather formal: Being sick he could not come. (i.e. Since he was sick . . .) Daar/doordat hij ziek was, kon hij niet komen. Being students we didn’t need to pay anything. (i.e. Because we were students . . .) Omdat wij studenten waren, hoefden we niets te betalen. 11.16.5 When there is a temporal sense expressed in the English ‘-ing’ construction, subordinating conjunctions of time are used in Dutch: Before going to bed we drank a cup of tea. Voordat we naar bed gingen, dronken we een kopje thee. (After) having written an email to his mother he went and sat in front of the television. Na een mailtje aan zijn moeder te hebben geschreven, ging hij voor de televisie zitten. This could also be translated as follows: Nadat hij een mailtje aan zijn moeder geschreven had, ging hij . . . (see 12.5) How to render English ‘ing’ forms in Dutch 253
11 Verbs 254 When writing such an official letter you should be polite. Wanneer je zo’n officiële brief schrijft, moet je beleefd zijn. But the following are also expressed with a temporal subordinating conjunction: Finding the house uninhabited, he didn’t want to . . . Toen hij merkte dat het huis onbewoond was, wilde hij niet . . . Having recovered he went home. Toen hij hersteld was, ging hij naar huis. 11.16.6 Some ‘-ing’ clauses can be paraphrased with ‘while’ and these are rendered in Dutch by a subordinate clause introduced by terwijl: Saying that he smiled. Terwijl hij dat zei, glimlachte hij. 11.16.7 If the English construction is ‘to stand, sit or lie doing something’, Dutch translates the present participle with an infinitive (see 11.13.2): He stood waving at the window. Hij stond aan het raam te wuiven. They were sitting (sat) watching a film. Zij zaten naar een film te kijken. When such constructions are put in the (plu-)perfect tense one is dealing with double infinitives. We were standing (stood) talking the whole time. Wij hebben de hele tijd staan praten. Similarly of course the other verbs that occur in double infinitive constructions translate ‘-ing’ in this way (see 11.9.2.5 (a) and (b)). I saw him coming. Ik zag hem komen/Ik heb hem zien komen. He heard me singing. Hij hoorde mij zingen/Hij heeft mij horen zingen.
- Page 217 and 218: 11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
- Page 219 and 220: 11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also
- Page 221 and 222: 11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
- Page 223 and 224: 11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had
- Page 225 and 226: 11 Verbs There is an adjective form
- Page 227 and 228: 11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
- Page 229 and 230: 11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
- Page 231 and 232: 11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
- Page 233 and 234: 11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
- Page 235 and 236: 11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
- Page 237 and 238: 11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
- Page 239 and 240: 11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
- Page 241 and 242: 11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
- Page 243 and 244: 11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
- Page 245 and 246: 11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
- Page 247 and 248: 11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
- Page 249 and 250: 11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
- Page 251 and 252: 11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
- Page 253 and 254: 11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
- Page 255 and 256: 11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
- Page 257 and 258: 11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
- Page 259 and 260: 11 Verbs 244 This double participle
- Page 261 and 262: 11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
- Page 263 and 264: 11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
- Page 265 and 266: 11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
- Page 267: 11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
- Page 271 and 272: 11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
- Page 273 and 274: 11 Verbs 258 There are basically tw
- Page 275 and 276: 11 Verbs 260 zich uitsloven to go t
- Page 277 and 278: 11 Verbs 262 zich vervelen* to be b
- Page 279 and 280: 11 Verbs 264 Ik heb geen geld bij m
- Page 281 and 282: 11 Verbs 266 laten zinken (tr.) Ik
- Page 283 and 284: 11 Verbs 268 betreffen to concern W
- Page 285 and 286: 11 Verbs 270 2 Nominal prefixes for
- Page 287 and 288: 11 Verbs 272 The above is potential
- Page 289 and 290: 11 Verbs 274 meaning. This process
- Page 291 and 292: 11 Verbs 276 11.20.2.1.4 The prefix
- Page 293 and 294: 11 Verbs 278 11.21 Verbs followed b
- Page 295 and 296: 11 Verbs 280 bij aankomen to arrive
- Page 297 and 298: 11 Verbs 282 om smaken to taste of
- Page 299 and 300: 11 Verbs 284 lijken to look like le
- Page 301 and 302: 11 Verbs 286 tot (see 11.21.1) uit
- Page 303 and 304: 11 Verbs 288 gelden to count for, b
- Page 305 and 306: 290 Chapter 12 Conjunctions Voegwoo
- Page 307 and 308: 12 Conjunctions 292 12.1.1.3 In the
- Page 309 and 310: 12 Conjunctions 294 Onze kennissen
- Page 311 and 312: 12 Conjunctions 296 sinds since (te
- Page 313 and 314: 12 Conjunctions 298 It is, for exam
- Page 315 and 316: 12 Conjunctions 300 It is also used
- Page 317 and 318: 12 Conjunctions 302 The adverbial c
11<br />
Verbs<br />
254<br />
When writing such an official letter you should be polite.<br />
Wanneer je zo’n officiële brief schrijft, moet je beleefd zijn.<br />
But the following are also expressed with a temporal subordinating<br />
conjunction:<br />
Finding the house uninhabited, he didn’t want to . . .<br />
Toen hij merkte dat het huis onbewoond was, wilde hij<br />
niet . . .<br />
Having recovered he went home.<br />
Toen hij hersteld was, ging hij naar huis.<br />
11.16.6<br />
Some ‘-ing’ clauses can be paraphrased with ‘while’ and these are rendered<br />
in Dutch by a subordinate clause introduced by terwijl:<br />
Saying that he smiled.<br />
Terwijl hij dat zei, glimlachte hij.<br />
11.16.7<br />
If the English construction is ‘to stand, sit or lie doing something’, Dutch<br />
translates the present participle with an infinitive (see 11.13.2):<br />
He stood waving at the window.<br />
Hij stond aan het raam te wuiven.<br />
They were sitting (sat) watching a film.<br />
Zij zaten naar een film te kijken.<br />
When such constructions are put in the (plu-)perfect tense one is dealing<br />
with double infinitives.<br />
We were standing (stood) talking the whole time.<br />
Wij hebben de hele tijd staan praten.<br />
Similarly of course the other verbs that occur in double infinitive constructions<br />
translate ‘-ing’ in this way (see 11.9.2.5 (a) and (b)).<br />
I saw him coming.<br />
Ik zag hem komen/Ik heb hem zien komen.<br />
He heard me singing.<br />
Hij hoorde mij zingen/Hij heeft mij horen zingen.