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Grammatica - loco

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11<br />

Verbs<br />

234<br />

Zij hoorde mij komen.<br />

She heard me coming.<br />

Ik vond het potlood bij het raam liggen.<br />

I found the pencil lying near the window.<br />

(a) All these verbs (except hebben, see (e) below) employ a double<br />

infinitive construction in the perfect tense, i.e. they use an infinitive,<br />

not a past participle when followed by another infinitive (see also<br />

Perfect tenses of modal verbs, 11.8.2). Such constructions are very<br />

common because of the tendency in Dutch to use the perfect tense<br />

instead of the imperfect, as illustrated by the translations of the<br />

following examples:<br />

Ik heb hem horen komen.<br />

I heard him coming.<br />

Hij is gaan kijken. 26<br />

He has gone (went) to look.<br />

Hij heeft zijn hart voelen kloppen.<br />

He felt his heart beating.<br />

Ik heb mijn zoontje leren zwemmen. 27<br />

I taught my son to swim.<br />

We hebben er urenlang naar staan kijken.<br />

We stood watching it for hours.<br />

Hij heeft zijn handen leren gebruiken.<br />

He has learnt to use his hands.<br />

Hij is blijven doorpraten.<br />

He went on talking.<br />

(b) Zijn has a special alternative infinitive used only in such double<br />

infinitive constructions:<br />

Ze zijn wezen kijken.<br />

They have been to have a look. (See 11.7.1.1.)<br />

26 Note the use of zijn to render the perfect tense of gaan, a verb of motion, in this<br />

double infinitive construction.<br />

27 Compare Hij heeft leren schrijven ‘He (has) learnt to write’ and Hij heeft lezen en<br />

schrijven geleerd ‘He (has) learnt to read and write’ where lezen and schrijven are acting<br />

as nouns.

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