Grammatica - loco

11
Verbs
218
verliezen ‘to lose’: should always be conjugated with hebben but in
the sense of mislaying something is commonly heard with zijn by
analogy with vergeten and/or with kwijt zijn (to have mislaid):
Ik ben mijn sleutels kwijt.
Ik heb mijn sleutels verloren.
I have lost my keys.
but only
Zij hebben de verkiezing verloren.
They lost the election.
volgen ‘to follow’: when this verb means ‘to pursue’ it is conjugated
with zijn:
Onze hond is de buurman gevolgd.
Our dog followed the neighbour.
Otherwise hebben is used:
Ik heb colleges bij hem gevolgd.
I did courses with him. (lit. followed lectures)
Zij heeft de politieke ontwikkelingen in Zuid-Afrika gevolgd.
She has followed the political developments in South Africa.
The verb opvolgen ‘to succeed, follow’ is found with both
auxiliaries:
Beatrix heeft/is haar moeder in 1980 opgevolgd.
Beatrix succeeded her mother in 1980.
Note: Because only one auxiliary (i.e. ‘have’) is used in the perfect
and pluperfect tenses in English, one can often have several past
participles following, all dependent on the one ‘have’. In Dutch this
is only possible if all past participles require hebben or all require
zijn; the auxiliary must be repeated if one or more requires hebben
and the other(s) zijn:
Hij heeft een vliegtuig gehuurd en is naar Moskou gevlogen.
He has hired a plane and (has) flown to Moscow.
11.7.2.3
Translating ‘to be’ with reference to position
Very often the English verb ‘to be’, when referring to the position of
something, is rendered in Dutch by the verbs hangen ‘to hang’, liggen ‘to