Grammatica - loco
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Grammatica - loco

Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco

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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 groeien to grow immigreren to immigrate kelderen to plummet komen22 to come krimpen to shrink landen to land (plane) meevallen to exceed expectations (mis)lukken to (fail) succeed ontsnappen to escape ontstaan to originate opgroeien to grow up ophouden to stop opschieten to make progress opstaan to get up, stand up opstijgen to take off (plane) overlijden to pass away rijzen to rise slagen to succeed spruiten to sprout stappen (in-, uit-, over-) to step (get in, get out, change) sterven to die stijgen22 to rise 22 Many derivatives of these and other verbs also take zijn, e.g. ondergaan ‘to set (of the sun)’, vergaan ‘to pass’, binnenkomen ‘to come in’, opvallen ‘to strike’ but not all derivatives do: sometimes the prefixes make transitive verbs of these otherwise intransitive verbs and then hebben is used, e.g. ondergaan ‘to undergo’, nagaan ‘to check, trace’, voorkomen ‘to prevent’, betreden ‘to tread on’, bestijgen ‘to ascend (the throne)’. Schoolgaan ‘to go to school’ also takes hebben. On the other hand there are sometimes derivatives that take zijn when the root verb in its literal sense does not (see 11.20): opstaan ‘to get up’ – Ik ben opgestaan, but staan ‘to stand’ – Ik heb twee uur gestaan. afbranden ‘to burn down’ – Het huis is afgebrand, but branden ‘to burn’ – Het huis heeft urenlang gebrand. dichtvriezen ‘to freeze up’ – De rivier is dichtgevroren, but vriezen ‘to freeze’ – Het heeft gevroren. Zijn ‘to be’ 213

11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate stoppen to stop tegenvallen to be disappointing treden22 to tread uitslapen23 to sleep in vallen to fall verbleken24 to turn pale verdorren24 to wither verdwijnen24 to disappear verkleuren24 to change colour verouderen24 to get old, age verschieten24 to fade, run (colours) verschijnen24 to appear vertrekken24 to leave, depart verwelken24 to wither vluchten to flee (uit)wijken to give way to worden to become 23 Many Dutch verbs can take the prefix uit resulting in the meaning ‘to be finished doing’. These compound verbs all take zijn even if the verbs from which they are formed do not: uitslapen to sleep in, have one’s fill of sleep uitpraten to finish saying what one has to say uitkijken to finish looking Ik was nog niet uitgepraat of hij begon al te boeren. I had hardly finished talking when he began to burp. Ben je uitgekeken? Have you seen enough/finished looking? Note, however, that if such a verb is transitive, it requires hebben of course: Heb je dat boek al uitgelezen? Have you finished reading that book? 24 The prefix ver- basically means ‘change’ (see 11.20.2.1.6) and thus many ver- verbs are found in this group, but not all ver- verbs belong here as many are transitive: verstaan to understand vertalen to translate (i.e. to change from one language to another)

11<br />

Verbs<br />

214<br />

stikken to suffocate<br />

stoppen to stop<br />

tegenvallen to be disappointing<br />

treden22 to tread<br />

uitslapen23 to sleep in<br />

vallen to fall<br />

verbleken24 to turn pale<br />

verdorren24 to wither<br />

verdwijnen24 to disappear<br />

verkleuren24 to change colour<br />

verouderen24 to get old, age<br />

verschieten24 to fade, run (colours)<br />

verschijnen24 to appear<br />

vertrekken24 to leave, depart<br />

verwelken24 to wither<br />

vluchten to flee<br />

(uit)wijken to give way to<br />

worden to become<br />

23 Many Dutch verbs can take the prefix uit resulting in the meaning ‘to be finished<br />

doing’. These compound verbs all take zijn even if the verbs from which they are formed<br />

do not:<br />

uitslapen to sleep in, have one’s fill of sleep<br />

uitpraten to finish saying what one has to say<br />

uitkijken to finish looking<br />

Ik was nog niet uitgepraat of hij begon al te boeren.<br />

I had hardly finished talking when he began to burp.<br />

Ben je uitgekeken?<br />

Have you seen enough/finished looking?<br />

Note, however, that if such a verb is transitive, it requires hebben of course:<br />

Heb je dat boek al uitgelezen?<br />

Have you finished reading that book?<br />

24 The prefix ver- basically means ‘change’ (see 11.20.2.1.6) and thus many ver- verbs<br />

are found in this group, but not all ver- verbs belong here as many are transitive:<br />

verstaan to understand<br />

vertalen to translate (i.e. to change from one language to another)

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