Grammatica - loco

Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco

04.05.2013 Views

1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Note: erge dorst/honger hebben to be very thirsty/hungry etc. geen dorst/honger hebben to be not thirsty/hungry etc. The following hebben constructions, which employ ‘to be’ in English, contain an idiomatic het which is usually written ’t. They are only used with personal subjects, e.g. Ik heb het druk ‘I am busy’, but Het is erg druk ‘It is very busy’. ’t benauwd hebben to feel off/sick ’t druk hebben to be busy ’t koud hebben to be cold ’t moeilijk hebben to be in trouble ’t warm hebben to be hot ’t hebben over to be talking about 11.7 11.7.1 Zijn ‘to be’ Forms of the verb zijn The verb ‘to be’, as in all European languages, is extremely irregular: Present tense ik ben ‘I am’ etc. wij zijn jij bent jullie zijn u bent, is u bent hij is zij zijn The gij form is zijt (see 11.1.1). U can take a second or third person verb, but bent is more common, particularly in the plural. Imperfect tense singular: was plural: waren The gij form is waart. Perfect tense: The past participle is geweest and is formed from another infinitive wezen (see 11.7.1.1). The perfect tense of zijn takes zijn i.e. ik ben geweest etc. I have been Zijn ‘to be’ 209

11 Verbs There is an adjective formed from the past participle but it is strong in form: de gewezen burgemeester ‘the former mayor’ Pluperfect tense ik was geweest I had been Future tense ik zal zijn I will be Future perfect tense ik zal geweest zijn I will have been Conditional tense ik zou zijn I would be (or contracted to ik was, see 11.2.7) Conditional perfect tense ik zou geweest zijn I would have been (or contracted to ik was geweest) Imperative In the imperative a derivative of the second infinitive wezen is used for all persons: wees! Subjunctive Subjunctive forms of ‘to be’ are still found in some standard expressions: God zij dank! ‘Thank God!’ 20 11.7.1.1 Notes on wezen Volledigheidshalve zij hier vermeld dat. . . ‘For the sake of completeness let it be said that . . .’ als het ware ‘as it were’ Wezen, which is historically a synonym of zijn, is used (other than in the imperative as described above) in two ways: 1 To replace zijn when the latter stands in the infinitive (rather colloquial): Het zou erg leuk kunnen wezen. It could be really nice. Weg wezen! Be off with you! 2 To replace zijn in double infinitive constructions (i.e. it replaces the past participle, see 11.9.2.5 (b)): Ik ben wezen kijken. I have been to look. Hij is wezen vissen. He has been fishing. 11.7.2 Uses of the verb zijn Zijn as an auxiliary verb in compound tenses. 210 20 But this is more commonly expressed as goddank!

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Note:<br />

erge dorst/honger hebben to be very thirsty/hungry etc.<br />

geen dorst/honger hebben to be not thirsty/hungry etc.<br />

The following hebben constructions, which employ ‘to be’ in English,<br />

contain an idiomatic het which is usually written ’t. They are only used<br />

with personal subjects, e.g. Ik heb het druk ‘I am busy’, but Het is erg<br />

druk ‘It is very busy’.<br />

’t benauwd hebben to feel off/sick<br />

’t druk hebben to be busy<br />

’t koud hebben to be cold<br />

’t moeilijk hebben to be in trouble<br />

’t warm hebben to be hot<br />

’t hebben over to be talking about<br />

11.7<br />

11.7.1<br />

Zijn ‘to be’<br />

Forms of the verb zijn<br />

The verb ‘to be’, as in all European languages, is extremely irregular:<br />

Present tense<br />

ik ben ‘I am’ etc. wij zijn<br />

jij bent jullie zijn<br />

u bent, is u bent<br />

hij is zij zijn<br />

The gij form is zijt (see 11.1.1). U can take a second or third person verb,<br />

but bent is more common, particularly in the plural.<br />

Imperfect tense singular: was plural: waren<br />

The gij form is waart.<br />

Perfect tense: The past participle is geweest and is formed from another<br />

infinitive wezen (see 11.7.1.1). The perfect tense of zijn takes zijn i.e. ik<br />

ben geweest etc. I have been<br />

Zijn<br />

‘to be’<br />

209

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