Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 same irregularities, e.g. verkopen ‘to sell’ derived from kopen ‘to buy’ and verzoeken ‘to request’ derived from zoeken ‘to search’. There is also a verb plegen which means ‘to commit (a crime)’, but it is a regular verb, i.e. pleegde, gepleegd. 11.5.2 There are five monosyllabic verbs that belong historically to one of the seven groups of strong verbs (except doen), but which show certain peculiarities other strong verbs do not. (see 11.1.1.2, 11.3.3) 11.5.3 There are a few isolated verbs that follow no particular pattern at all. (see 11.3.3) Zeggen also has a singular form zeide, which is occasionally found in literature, and the analogical formation zegde is common in Belgium. But compounds of zeggen are all regular: ontzeggen ontzegde to deny opzeggen zegde . . . op to recite; cancel 11.6 11.6.1 Hebben ‘to have’ Forms of hebben The verb hebben shows several irregularities that the other irregular and strong verbs do not: Present tense ik heb ‘I have’ etc. wij hebben jij hebt jullie hebben u hebt, heeft u hebt, heeft hij heeft zij hebben The gij form is hebt. As with zijn, u can take either a second or third person verb and both are equally common. In ‘plat’ Dutch the form hij heb is often heard, but should not be copied. Hebben ‘to have’ 207
11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had (plural hadden) I had Perfect tense ik heb gehad I have had Pluperfect tense ik had gehad I had had Future tense ik zal hebben I will have Future perfect tense ik zal gehad hebben I will have had Conditional tense ik zou hebben I would have (or contracted to ik had, see 11.2.7) Conditional perfect tense ik zou gehad hebben I would have had (or contracted to ik had gehad, see 11.1.8) Imperative heb! The imperative forms hebt u and hebben jullie exist but are not common, as indeed is the imperative of hebben generally. Subjunctive: The third person of the present subjunctive occurs in certain standard expressions, e.g. God hebbe zijn ziel ‘(May) God rest his soul’. Occasionally in older literature the past subjunctive form hadde is also found. 11.6.2 Uses of hebben For hebben as an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses see 11.1.3 and 11.7.2.2. The following expressions comprising the verb ‘to be’ in English are expressed with hebben in Dutch: dienst hebben to be on duty dorst hebben to be thirsty (on)gelijk hebben to be (wrong) right geluk hebben to be in luck haast hebben to be in a hurry (see 16.1.4.4) honger hebben to be hungry pech hebben to be unlucky slaap hebben to be sleepy vakantie hebben to be on holidays vrij hebben to be off (from work)
- Page 171 and 172: 10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
- Page 173 and 174: 10 Adverbs 158 10.4.1 Indefinite ad
- Page 175 and 176: 10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
- Page 177 and 178: 10 Adverbs 162 10.7.7 -waarts Compa
- Page 179 and 180: 10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
- Page 181 and 182: 10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
- Page 183 and 184: 10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
- Page 185 and 186: 11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
- Page 187 and 188: 11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
- Page 189 and 190: 11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
- Page 191 and 192: 11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
- Page 193 and 194: 11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
- Page 195 and 196: 11 Verbs 180 Purists have a prefere
- Page 197 and 198: 11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
- Page 199 and 200: 11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
- Page 201 and 202: 11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
- Page 203 and 204: 11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
- Page 205 and 206: 11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
- Page 207 and 208: 11 Verbs 192 dragen VI drijven I dr
- Page 209 and 210: 11 Verbs 194 verdelgen III verdriet
- Page 211 and 212: 11 Verbs 196 kijken keek keken geke
- Page 213 and 214: 11 Verbs 198 zuipen zoop zopen gezo
- Page 215 and 216: 11 Verbs 200 verzwelgen verzwolg ve
- Page 217 and 218: 11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
- Page 219 and 220: 11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also
- Page 221: 11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
- Page 225 and 226: 11 Verbs There is an adjective form
- Page 227 and 228: 11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
- Page 229 and 230: 11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
- Page 231 and 232: 11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
- Page 233 and 234: 11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
- Page 235 and 236: 11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
- Page 237 and 238: 11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
- Page 239 and 240: 11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
- Page 241 and 242: 11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
- Page 243 and 244: 11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
- Page 245 and 246: 11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
- Page 247 and 248: 11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
- Page 249 and 250: 11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
- Page 251 and 252: 11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
- Page 253 and 254: 11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
- Page 255 and 256: 11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
- Page 257 and 258: 11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
- Page 259 and 260: 11 Verbs 244 This double participle
- Page 261 and 262: 11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
- Page 263 and 264: 11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
- Page 265 and 266: 11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
- Page 267 and 268: 11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
- Page 269 and 270: 11 Verbs 254 When writing such an o
- Page 271 and 272: 11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
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same irregularities, e.g. verkopen ‘to sell’ derived from kopen ‘to buy’ and<br />
verzoeken ‘to request’ derived from zoeken ‘to search’. There is also a<br />
verb plegen which means ‘to commit (a crime)’, but it is a regular verb,<br />
i.e. pleegde, gepleegd.<br />
11.5.2<br />
There are five monosyllabic verbs that belong historically to one of the<br />
seven groups of strong verbs (except doen), but which show certain<br />
peculiarities other strong verbs do not. (see 11.1.1.2, 11.3.3)<br />
11.5.3<br />
There are a few isolated verbs that follow no particular pattern at all. (see<br />
11.3.3) Zeggen also has a singular form zeide, which is occasionally found<br />
in literature, and the analogical formation zegde is common in Belgium.<br />
But compounds of zeggen are all regular:<br />
ontzeggen ontzegde to deny<br />
opzeggen zegde . . . op to recite; cancel<br />
11.6<br />
11.6.1<br />
Hebben ‘to have’<br />
Forms of hebben<br />
The verb hebben shows several irregularities that the other irregular and<br />
strong verbs do not:<br />
Present tense<br />
ik heb ‘I have’ etc. wij hebben<br />
jij hebt jullie hebben<br />
u hebt, heeft u hebt, heeft<br />
hij heeft zij hebben<br />
The gij form is hebt. As with zijn, u can take either a second or third<br />
person verb and both are equally common. In ‘plat’ Dutch the form hij<br />
heb is often heard, but should not be copied.<br />
Hebben<br />
‘to have’<br />
207