Grammatica - loco

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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 wassen* 15 wies wiesen gewassen to grow, wax wassen waste wasten gewassen to wash archaic: wies wiesen 11.3.2 Mixed verbs bakken bakte bakten gebakken to bake barsten* barstte barstten gebarsten to burst braden braadde braadden gebraden to roast brouwen brouwde brouwden gebrouwen to brew heten heette heetten geheten to be called lachen16 lachte lachten gelachen to laugh laden laadde laadden geladen to load malen maalde maalden gemalen to grind scheiden scheidde scheidden gescheiden to separate spannen spande spanden gespannen to stretch vouwen vouwde vouwden gevouwen to fold weven weefde weefden geweven to weave wreken wreekte wreekten gewroken to avenge, revenge zouten zoutte zoutten gezouten to salt Verbs in this sub-group also have an archaic strong imperfect. See list of strong verbs. delven delfde delfden gedolven to dig melken melkte melkten gemolken to milk raden raadde raadden geraden to advise, guess stoten stootte stootten gestoten to push, shove wassen waste wasten gewassen to wash zweren zweerde zweerden gezworen to fester 15 Wassen ‘to grow’ (intransitive) is archaic and is usually replaced by groeien, except in standard expressions, e.g. de wassende maan ‘the waxing moon’. 16 Note that glimlachen ‘to smile’ is regular: glimlachte, geglimlacht. Alphabetical list of strong and irregular verbs 203
11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also have a weak imperfect; in the case of jagen the weak imperfect has a different meaning, i.e. ‘to hunt’. jagen joeg joegen gejaagd to chase waaien woei woeien gewaaid to blow (wind) vragen vroeg vroegen gevraagd to ask 11.3.3 Irregular verbs brengen bracht brachten gebracht to bring denken dacht dachten gedacht to think dunken17 docht to think, seem18 kopen kocht kochten gekocht to buy plegen17 placht plachten to be used to zoeken zocht zochten gezocht to look for, seek doen deed deden gedaan to do gaan* ging gingen gegaan to go slaan sloeg sloegen geslagen to hit staan stond stonden gestaan to stand zien zag zagen gezien to see hebben had hadden gehad to have weten wist wisten geweten to know worden* werd werden geworden to become zeggen zei zeiden gezegd to say zijn* was waren geweest to be 11.3.4 Modal verbs durven durfde durfden gedurfd to dare archaic: dorst dorsten 17 See 11.5.1. 18 See 11.19.1.2.
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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 Content
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1 Pronunciation 2 being confused wh
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1 Pronunciation 4 the more common t
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1 Pronunciation 6 their zachte gee,
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8 Chapter 2 Spelling Spelling As wi
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2 Spelling 10 August 1996, dictated
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2 Spelling 12 doet het, hè? ‘You
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2 Spelling 14 7.2.1.4. In the follo
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2 Spelling 16 Under the spelling ru
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2 Spelling 18 2.9 The alphabet The
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20 Generally speaking Dutch punctua
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3 Punctuation 22 The following subt
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4 Cases 24 blootshoofds bare-headed
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5 Articles 26 (b) It is commonly om
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5 Articles 28 Hij is de nieuwe Comm
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5 Articles 30 (d) It is always used
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32 Chapter 6 Demonstratives Aanwijz
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34 Chapter 7 Nouns Zelfstandige naa
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7 Nouns 36 7.1.1.9 Words ending in
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7 Nouns 38 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 Neuter nou
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7 Nouns 40 7.1.2.11 Adjectives endi
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7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two gen
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7 Nouns 44 formation is always to a
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7 Nouns 46 7.2.1.6 Foreign (usually
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7 Nouns Exceptions: nouns of Greek
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7 Nouns 50 7.2.2.3 There is a small
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7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid join
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7 Nouns The Netherlands Nederland t
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7 Nouns 56 7.3.6 -ster (a) Nouns de
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7 Nouns 58 7.5.1.2 -tje (a) Words c
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7 Nouns 60 7.5.1.5 -kje Nouns endin
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7 Nouns 62 scheermes razor scheerme
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7 Nouns 64 7.5.3.1 Adverbs are the
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66 Chapter 8 Pronouns Voornaamworde
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8 Pronouns 68 (b) The unemphatic fo
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8 Pronouns 70 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 Remarks
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8 Pronouns 72 distinguish singular
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8 Pronouns 74 Doe de deur dicht! Ne
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8 Pronouns 76 Je moet de oostkust b
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8 Pronouns 78 Ik weet het wel. Ik w
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8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book
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8 Pronouns Masculine antecedents us
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8 Pronouns 84 8.4 8.4.1 Demonstrati
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8 Pronouns 86 8.5 8.5.1 Relative pr
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8 Pronouns 88 In this case the prep
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8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2
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8 Pronouns 92 8.5.8 Independent rel
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8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
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8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
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8 Pronouns 98 sommige(n) some ander
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8 Pronouns 100 Ik heb ze allebei in
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8 Pronouns 102 8.6.9 Pronominal use
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8 Pronouns 104 When waar and its pr
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106 Chapter 9 Adjectives Bijvoeglij
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9 Adjectives 108 zaakgelastigde ‘
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9 Adjectives 110 2.8), Parijs - Par
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9 Adjectives 112 9.2.2 Inflection o
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9 Adjectives 114 (am)’. It is tha
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9 Adjectives 116 Here hoogst and ui
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9 Adjectives 118 Note that Dutch vo
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9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
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9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
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9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
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9 Adjectives 126 -vormig correspond
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9 Adjectives 128 haarscherp very sh
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9 Adjectives Licht- and donker- pre
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9 Adjectives 132 there is also the
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10 Adverbs 134 are basically as for
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10 Adverbs 10.1.2.2 Minder/minst
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10 Adverbs 138 Hartstikke, although
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10 Adverbs 140 The only exceptions
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10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant
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10 Adverbs 144 Sunday week zondag o
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10 Adverbs 146 10.3.13 Now now nu (
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10 Adverbs 148 all week (long) de (
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10 Adverbs 150 not yet nog niet sti
Page 167 and 168: 10 Adverbs 152 10.3.21.4 ‘Before
Page 169 and 170: 10 Adverbs 154 10.3.21.11 ‘Then
Page 171 and 172: 10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
Page 173 and 174: 10 Adverbs 158 10.4.1 Indefinite ad
Page 175 and 176: 10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
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Page 179 and 180: 10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
Page 181 and 182: 10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
Page 183 and 184: 10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
Page 185 and 186: 11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
Page 187 and 188: 11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
Page 189 and 190: 11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
Page 191 and 192: 11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
Page 193 and 194: 11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
Page 195 and 196: 11 Verbs 180 Purists have a prefere
Page 197 and 198: 11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
Page 199 and 200: 11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
Page 201 and 202: 11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
Page 203 and 204: 11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
Page 205 and 206: 11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
Page 207 and 208: 11 Verbs 192 dragen VI drijven I dr
Page 209 and 210: 11 Verbs 194 verdelgen III verdriet
Page 211 and 212: 11 Verbs 196 kijken keek keken geke
Page 213 and 214: 11 Verbs 198 zuipen zoop zopen gezo
Page 215 and 216: 11 Verbs 200 verzwelgen verzwolg ve
Page 217: 11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
Page 221 and 222: 11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
Page 223 and 224: 11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had
Page 225 and 226: 11 Verbs There is an adjective form
Page 227 and 228: 11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
Page 229 and 230: 11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
Page 231 and 232: 11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
Page 233 and 234: 11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
Page 235 and 236: 11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
Page 237 and 238: 11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
Page 239 and 240: 11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
Page 241 and 242: 11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
Page 243 and 244: 11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
Page 245 and 246: 11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
Page 247 and 248: 11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
Page 249 and 250: 11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
Page 251 and 252: 11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
Page 253 and 254: 11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
Page 255 and 256: 11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
Page 257 and 258: 11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
Page 259 and 260: 11 Verbs 244 This double participle
Page 261 and 262: 11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
Page 263 and 264: 11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
Page 265 and 266: 11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
Page 267 and 268: 11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
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11 Verbs 254 When writing such an o
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11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
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11 Verbs 258 There are basically tw
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11 Verbs 260 zich uitsloven to go t
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11 Verbs 262 zich vervelen* to be b
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11 Verbs 264 Ik heb geen geld bij m
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11 Verbs 266 laten zinken (tr.) Ik
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11 Verbs 268 betreffen to concern W
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11 Verbs 270 2 Nominal prefixes for
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11 Verbs 272 The above is potential
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11 Verbs 274 meaning. This process
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11 Verbs 276 11.20.2.1.4 The prefix
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11 Verbs 278 11.21 Verbs followed b
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11 Verbs 280 bij aankomen to arrive
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11 Verbs 282 om smaken to taste of
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11 Verbs 284 lijken to look like le
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11 Verbs 286 tot (see 11.21.1) uit
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11 Verbs 288 gelden to count for, b
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290 Chapter 12 Conjunctions Voegwoo
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12 Conjunctions 292 12.1.1.3 In the
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12 Conjunctions 294 Onze kennissen
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12 Conjunctions 296 sinds since (te
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12 Conjunctions 298 It is, for exam
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12 Conjunctions 300 It is also used
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12 Conjunctions 302 The adverbial c
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12 Conjunctions 304 12.2.1.10 Naar
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12 Conjunctions 306 12.4 Correlativ
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12 Conjunctions 308 12.4.2 Adverbia
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12 Conjunctions 310 om 1 in order t
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12 Conjunctions 312 but only or Hij
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12 Conjunctions 314 welk(e) . .. oo
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13 Prepositions 316 geen ster aan d
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13 Prepositions 318 behalve ‘exce
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13 Prepositions 320 binnen ‘withi
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13 Prepositions 322 Hij zit (in) ee
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13 Prepositions 324 naar Parijs ver
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13 Prepositions 326 Onder het lezen
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13 Prepositions 328 Als kind heb ik
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13 Prepositions 330 sinds ‘since,
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13 Prepositions 332 tussen 3 en 4 u
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13 Prepositions 334 Ik heb het via
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13 Prepositions 336 aan deze/die ka
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13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
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13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
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13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
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14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
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14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
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14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
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14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
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14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
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14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
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14 Numerals 356 een man van achter
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14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
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14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
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14 Numerals 362 in vijf jaar tijd i
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14 Numerals 364 14.11.2 Square and
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366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
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15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
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15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
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15 Er 372 15.5.2 When a clause begi
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374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
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16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
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16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
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16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
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16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
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Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
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390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigenna
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
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Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
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416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
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Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
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Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
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Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
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Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
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Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
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428 Index The numbers given are par
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Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
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Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
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Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
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Index 436 punctuation 3 comma 3.1 r
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Index 438 verschillende indefinite
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