Grammatica - loco

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(d) Past participles of strong verbs, like those of weak verbs, can be
used as adjectives, but there is one difference: as these all end by
definition in -en, they are treated as adjectives like open and eigen,
for example, and do not take an -e ending when used attributively
(see 9.1.2 (a)):
de gesloten deur the closed door
het gevangen hert the captured deer
But when used as nouns they take both -e and -en:
de betrokkene(n) the one(s) concerned
de gevangene(n) the prisoner(s)
de verbannene(n) the exiled one(s)
11.1.4
Pluperfect tense
De voltooid verleden tijd—v.v.t.
The pluperfect, a compound tense like the perfect, is formed from the
imperfect of an auxiliary verb (either hebben or zijn, see 11.7.2) plus the
past participle which remains invariable. The pluperfect can be described
as the past in the past:
Hij wist dat ik gewerkt had. He knew that I had worked.
Wij hadden genoeg gedronken. We had drunk enough.
Hij was al naar huis gegaan. He had already gone home.
11.1.4.1
Word order in perfect and pluperfect tenses in subordinate and
relative clauses
In a subordinate or relative clause, i.e. in a clause where the finite verb
does not stay in second position, the usual word order is as follows:
Je weet waarom ik het niet gedaan heb. or
Je weet waarom ik het niet heb gedaan.
You know why I did it.
Ik heb je verteld dat ik haar opgebeld had. or
Ik heb je verteld dat ik haar had opgebeld. or
Ik heb je verteld dat ik haar op had gebeld.
I told you that I had rung her.
Formation of
tenses
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