Grammatica - loco

11
Verbs
176
One should learn both the singular and the plural (as well as the past
participle of course) by heart because in some ablaut series the two differ;
note groups 4 and 5 below where the singular contains a short vowel and
the plural a long vowel:
Singular Plural
1 schrijven ‘to write’ schreef schreven
2 schieten ‘to shoot’ schoot schoten
buigen ‘to bend’ boog bogen
wegen ‘to weigh’ woog wogen
3 drinken ‘to drink’ dronk dronken
4 nemen ‘to take’ nam namen
5 eten ‘to eat’ at aten
zitten ‘to sit’ zat zaten
6 dragen ‘to wear’ droeg droegen
7 hangen ‘to hang’ hing hingen
slapen ‘to sleep’ sliep sliepen
11.1.3
Perfect tense
De voltooid tegenwoordige tijd—v.t.t.
The perfect tense is a compound tense, i.e. it is formed from an auxiliary
verb (either hebben or zijn, see 11.7.2) plus a derivative of the verb known
as the past participle, e.g. ‘He has lived’. In English the imperfect and the
past participle of weak verbs are identical (e.g. ‘I worked’, ‘I have worked’);
in Dutch they are different and must not be confused. As is the case with
the present and imperfect tenses, Dutch does not usually express the
progressive or continuous form, i.e. ‘I have been working’ (for exceptions
see 11.13).
11.1.3.1
Weak verbs
(a) Formation of the past participle: as for the imperfect of weak verbs
the stem of the verb must be isolated; to this stem ge- is prefixed
and -t or -d is suffixed: the rules for the choice of the latter are the
same as for -te/-ten or -de/-den in the imperfect (see 11.1.2.1),