Grammatica - loco

Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco

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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 10.3.4 When an expression of time occurs in a sentence with a nominal direct object, it precedes the object, not however, when the object is a pronoun: but Jullie moeten vanavond dit hoofdstuk lezen. You must read this chapter tonight. Jullie moeten het vanavond lezen. Ik heb hem gisteren het geld gegeven. I gave him the money yesterday. Note that this problem can be avoided by beginning with time: Vanavond moeten jullie dit hoofdstuk lezen. Gisteren heb ik hem het geld gegeven. The same commonly occurs with an expression of place: Hij zat in de tuin een boek te lezen. He was sitting in the garden reading a book. Hij zat het in de tuin te lezen. He was sitting in the garden reading it. Zij zag overal vreemde dingen. She saw strange things everywhere. Zij zag ze overal. She saw them eveywhere. 10.3.5 Do not let the word order in co-ordinate clauses containing an adverb of time confuse you. Remember that the co-ordinating conjunctions en, of, want and maar do not affect the word order (see 12.1). Thus in the following example morgen is taken as the first idea in the new clause and consequently inversion of subject and verb takes place: Gisteren is hij naar Londen gevlogen maar morgen komt hij terug. Yesterday he flew to London but he is coming back tomorrow. Adverbs of time 141

10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant of the above, not placing time at the beginning of the two clauses, is: Hij is gisteren naar Londen gevlogen maar (hij) komt morgen terug. 10.3.6 There can be a slight difference in the word order in subordinate clauses too: Zij ging vroeg naar bed, omdat ze die dag een lange wandeling had gemaakt. She went to bed early because that day she had gone for a long walk, or She went to bed early because she had gone for a long walk that day. The only possible place for the adverb in Dutch is after the subject, but this is not the case in English as the above translations illustrate. 10.3.7 Note the presence or absence of ‘for’ in expressions of time: (a) (Voor) hoe lang ga je? Ik ga er (voor) twee weken naartoe. How long are you going for? I’m going there for two weeks. (b) Ik ben er twee weken geweest/lk was er twee weken. I was there for two weeks. (c) Ik woon hier al twee jaar. I have been living here for two years. ‘For’ is rendered by (a) voor when in the future, but it can also be omitted in such cases (b) nothing when in the past (c) al when in the past in English but lasting up till the present with the verb in the present in Dutch (see 11.2.1.3, 11.2.2.3). Note the word order with al twee maanden/weken/jaar/uur type constructions:

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20111<br />

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10.3.4<br />

When an expression of time occurs in a sentence with a nominal direct<br />

object, it precedes the object, not however, when the object is a pronoun:<br />

but<br />

Jullie moeten vanavond dit hoofdstuk lezen.<br />

You must read this chapter tonight.<br />

Jullie moeten het vanavond lezen.<br />

Ik heb hem gisteren het geld gegeven.<br />

I gave him the money yesterday.<br />

Note that this problem can be avoided by beginning with time:<br />

Vanavond moeten jullie dit hoofdstuk lezen.<br />

Gisteren heb ik hem het geld gegeven.<br />

The same commonly occurs with an expression of place:<br />

Hij zat in de tuin een boek te lezen.<br />

He was sitting in the garden reading a book.<br />

Hij zat het in de tuin te lezen.<br />

He was sitting in the garden reading it.<br />

Zij zag overal vreemde dingen.<br />

She saw strange things everywhere.<br />

Zij zag ze overal.<br />

She saw them eveywhere.<br />

10.3.5<br />

Do not let the word order in co-ordinate clauses containing an adverb of<br />

time confuse you. Remember that the co-ordinating conjunctions en, of,<br />

want and maar do not affect the word order (see 12.1). Thus in the following<br />

example morgen is taken as the first idea in the new clause and consequently<br />

inversion of subject and verb takes place:<br />

Gisteren is hij naar Londen gevlogen maar morgen komt hij<br />

terug.<br />

Yesterday he flew to London but he is coming back tomorrow.<br />

Adverbs of<br />

time<br />

141

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