Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 10.3.4 When an expression of time occurs in a sentence with a nominal direct object, it precedes the object, not however, when the object is a pronoun: but Jullie moeten vanavond dit hoofdstuk lezen. You must read this chapter tonight. Jullie moeten het vanavond lezen. Ik heb hem gisteren het geld gegeven. I gave him the money yesterday. Note that this problem can be avoided by beginning with time: Vanavond moeten jullie dit hoofdstuk lezen. Gisteren heb ik hem het geld gegeven. The same commonly occurs with an expression of place: Hij zat in de tuin een boek te lezen. He was sitting in the garden reading a book. Hij zat het in de tuin te lezen. He was sitting in the garden reading it. Zij zag overal vreemde dingen. She saw strange things everywhere. Zij zag ze overal. She saw them eveywhere. 10.3.5 Do not let the word order in co-ordinate clauses containing an adverb of time confuse you. Remember that the co-ordinating conjunctions en, of, want and maar do not affect the word order (see 12.1). Thus in the following example morgen is taken as the first idea in the new clause and consequently inversion of subject and verb takes place: Gisteren is hij naar Londen gevlogen maar morgen komt hij terug. Yesterday he flew to London but he is coming back tomorrow. Adverbs of time 141
10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant of the above, not placing time at the beginning of the two clauses, is: Hij is gisteren naar Londen gevlogen maar (hij) komt morgen terug. 10.3.6 There can be a slight difference in the word order in subordinate clauses too: Zij ging vroeg naar bed, omdat ze die dag een lange wandeling had gemaakt. She went to bed early because that day she had gone for a long walk, or She went to bed early because she had gone for a long walk that day. The only possible place for the adverb in Dutch is after the subject, but this is not the case in English as the above translations illustrate. 10.3.7 Note the presence or absence of ‘for’ in expressions of time: (a) (Voor) hoe lang ga je? Ik ga er (voor) twee weken naartoe. How long are you going for? I’m going there for two weeks. (b) Ik ben er twee weken geweest/lk was er twee weken. I was there for two weeks. (c) Ik woon hier al twee jaar. I have been living here for two years. ‘For’ is rendered by (a) voor when in the future, but it can also be omitted in such cases (b) nothing when in the past (c) al when in the past in English but lasting up till the present with the verb in the present in Dutch (see 11.2.1.3, 11.2.2.3). Note the word order with al twee maanden/weken/jaar/uur type constructions:
- Page 105 and 106: 8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2
- Page 107 and 108: 8 Pronouns 92 8.5.8 Independent rel
- Page 109 and 110: 8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
- Page 111 and 112: 8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
- Page 113 and 114: 8 Pronouns 98 sommige(n) some ander
- Page 115 and 116: 8 Pronouns 100 Ik heb ze allebei in
- Page 117 and 118: 8 Pronouns 102 8.6.9 Pronominal use
- Page 119 and 120: 8 Pronouns 104 When waar and its pr
- Page 121 and 122: 106 Chapter 9 Adjectives Bijvoeglij
- Page 123 and 124: 9 Adjectives 108 zaakgelastigde ‘
- Page 125 and 126: 9 Adjectives 110 2.8), Parijs - Par
- Page 127 and 128: 9 Adjectives 112 9.2.2 Inflection o
- Page 129 and 130: 9 Adjectives 114 (am)’. It is tha
- Page 131 and 132: 9 Adjectives 116 Here hoogst and ui
- Page 133 and 134: 9 Adjectives 118 Note that Dutch vo
- Page 135 and 136: 9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
- Page 137 and 138: 9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
- Page 139 and 140: 9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
- Page 141 and 142: 9 Adjectives 126 -vormig correspond
- Page 143 and 144: 9 Adjectives 128 haarscherp very sh
- Page 145 and 146: 9 Adjectives Licht- and donker- pre
- Page 147 and 148: 9 Adjectives 132 there is also the
- Page 149 and 150: 10 Adverbs 134 are basically as for
- Page 151 and 152: 10 Adverbs 10.1.2.2 Minder/minst
- Page 153 and 154: 10 Adverbs 138 Hartstikke, although
- Page 155: 10 Adverbs 140 The only exceptions
- Page 159 and 160: 10 Adverbs 144 Sunday week zondag o
- Page 161 and 162: 10 Adverbs 146 10.3.13 Now now nu (
- Page 163 and 164: 10 Adverbs 148 all week (long) de (
- Page 165 and 166: 10 Adverbs 150 not yet nog niet sti
- Page 167 and 168: 10 Adverbs 152 10.3.21.4 ‘Before
- Page 169 and 170: 10 Adverbs 154 10.3.21.11 ‘Then
- Page 171 and 172: 10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
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- Page 175 and 176: 10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
- Page 177 and 178: 10 Adverbs 162 10.7.7 -waarts Compa
- Page 179 and 180: 10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
- Page 181 and 182: 10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
- Page 183 and 184: 10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
- Page 185 and 186: 11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
- Page 187 and 188: 11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
- Page 189 and 190: 11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
- Page 191 and 192: 11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
- Page 193 and 194: 11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
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- Page 197 and 198: 11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
- Page 199 and 200: 11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
- Page 201 and 202: 11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
- Page 203 and 204: 11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
- Page 205 and 206: 11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
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10.3.4<br />
When an expression of time occurs in a sentence with a nominal direct<br />
object, it precedes the object, not however, when the object is a pronoun:<br />
but<br />
Jullie moeten vanavond dit hoofdstuk lezen.<br />
You must read this chapter tonight.<br />
Jullie moeten het vanavond lezen.<br />
Ik heb hem gisteren het geld gegeven.<br />
I gave him the money yesterday.<br />
Note that this problem can be avoided by beginning with time:<br />
Vanavond moeten jullie dit hoofdstuk lezen.<br />
Gisteren heb ik hem het geld gegeven.<br />
The same commonly occurs with an expression of place:<br />
Hij zat in de tuin een boek te lezen.<br />
He was sitting in the garden reading a book.<br />
Hij zat het in de tuin te lezen.<br />
He was sitting in the garden reading it.<br />
Zij zag overal vreemde dingen.<br />
She saw strange things everywhere.<br />
Zij zag ze overal.<br />
She saw them eveywhere.<br />
10.3.5<br />
Do not let the word order in co-ordinate clauses containing an adverb of<br />
time confuse you. Remember that the co-ordinating conjunctions en, of,<br />
want and maar do not affect the word order (see 12.1). Thus in the following<br />
example morgen is taken as the first idea in the new clause and consequently<br />
inversion of subject and verb takes place:<br />
Gisteren is hij naar Londen gevlogen maar morgen komt hij<br />
terug.<br />
Yesterday he flew to London but he is coming back tomorrow.<br />
Adverbs of<br />
time<br />
141