Grammatica - loco

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Other unemphatic forms of the possessive pronouns (see 8.2) occur in such superlatives depending on the subject of the sentence: Ik ben ’s ochtends altijd op m’n best. I’m always (at my) best in the mornings. Zij is ’s avonds laat op d’r best. She’s (at her) best late at night. 10.1.2.4 In the written language the following adverbial superlatives occur which are not translatable as such into English: Ik zou dat ten zeerste betreuren. I would regret that very much. Dat is ten strengste verboden. That is strictly forbidden. Het moet ten spoedigste worden afgeleverd. It must be delivered immediately. Hij heeft het ten stelligste ontkend. He flatly denied it. 10.2 Intensifying adverbs There is a variety of these, as indeed there is in English too, which are used to emphasize other adverbs and adjectives (see 9.3.5). 10.2.1 ‘Very’: heel, erg, zeer, hartstikke The three are completely synonymous but zeer is rather formal or particularly emphatic and only erg can be used with negatives, e.g. Hij was niet erg groot ‘He wasn’t very big’. Heel, as an adjective, can also mean ‘whole’ and erg can mean ‘terrible’, e.g. Het was heel erg ‘It was quite awful’, een erge aardbeving ‘a terrible earthquake’. Occasionally one gets a doubling up of heel and erg as adverbs, e.g. Het is heel erg moeilijk ‘It is very, very difficult’. It is also common for the adverbs erg and particularly heel to inflect when preceding an inflected attributive adjective, but this should be avoided in writing, e.g. een hele mooie boom = een heel mooie boom ‘a very beautiful tree’. Intensifying adberbs 137
10 Adverbs 138 Hartstikke, although seldom ever written, is frequently used to qualify adjectives in colloquial Dutch, e.g. hartstikke leuk ‘very nice’, hartstikke duur ‘very expensive’, hartstikke stom ‘very stupid’. 10.2.2 The following adverbs are very commonly used to intensify adjectives and other adverbs: akelig4 awful(ly) vreselijk terrible(-y) verschrikkelijk frightful(ly) ontzaglijk awful(ly) ontiegelijk extremely (coll.) afschuwelijk4 horrible (-y) enorm enormously These adverbs must never be inflected when occurring before attributive adjectives: een ontzettend leuke jurk an awfully nice dress een verschrikkelijk lief kind a terribly nice child een afschuwelijk lelijk gezicht a horribly ugly face Ontiegelijk is seldom written and now seems to be waning in popularity, but the word enorm is very popular in speech (see also reuze, 9.7.2): een enorm duur gebouw a tremendously expensive building Ik heb enorm veel verkocht. I sold an enormous amount. 10.2.3 bijzonder especially (pronounced biezónder) buitengewoon exceptional(ly) 4 Akelig and afschuwelijk can only be used in pejorative situations, e.g. akelig zoet ‘sickly sweet’, afschuwelijk duur/lelijk ‘terribly expensive/ugly’; compare vreselijk leuk/lelijk ‘really nice/ugly’.
Page 2 and 3:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3
Page 4 and 5:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3
Page 6 and 7:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 Content
Page 8 and 9:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3
Page 10 and 11:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3
Page 12 and 13:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3
Page 14:
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3
Page 17 and 18:
1 Pronunciation 2 being confused wh
Page 19 and 20:
1 Pronunciation 4 the more common t
Page 21 and 22:
1 Pronunciation 6 their zachte gee,
Page 23 and 24:
8 Chapter 2 Spelling Spelling As wi
Page 25 and 26:
2 Spelling 10 August 1996, dictated
Page 27 and 28:
2 Spelling 12 doet het, hè? ‘You
Page 29 and 30:
2 Spelling 14 7.2.1.4. In the follo
Page 31 and 32:
2 Spelling 16 Under the spelling ru
Page 33 and 34:
2 Spelling 18 2.9 The alphabet The
Page 35 and 36:
20 Generally speaking Dutch punctua
Page 37 and 38:
3 Punctuation 22 The following subt
Page 39 and 40:
4 Cases 24 blootshoofds bare-headed
Page 41 and 42:
5 Articles 26 (b) It is commonly om
Page 43 and 44:
5 Articles 28 Hij is de nieuwe Comm
Page 45 and 46:
5 Articles 30 (d) It is always used
Page 47 and 48:
32 Chapter 6 Demonstratives Aanwijz
Page 49 and 50:
34 Chapter 7 Nouns Zelfstandige naa
Page 51 and 52:
7 Nouns 36 7.1.1.9 Words ending in
Page 53 and 54:
7 Nouns 38 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 Neuter nou
Page 55 and 56:
7 Nouns 40 7.1.2.11 Adjectives endi
Page 57 and 58:
7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two gen
Page 59 and 60:
7 Nouns 44 formation is always to a
Page 61 and 62:
7 Nouns 46 7.2.1.6 Foreign (usually
Page 63 and 64:
7 Nouns Exceptions: nouns of Greek
Page 65 and 66:
7 Nouns 50 7.2.2.3 There is a small
Page 67 and 68:
7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid join
Page 69 and 70:
7 Nouns The Netherlands Nederland t
Page 71 and 72:
7 Nouns 56 7.3.6 -ster (a) Nouns de
Page 73 and 74:
7 Nouns 58 7.5.1.2 -tje (a) Words c
Page 75 and 76:
7 Nouns 60 7.5.1.5 -kje Nouns endin
Page 77 and 78:
7 Nouns 62 scheermes razor scheerme
Page 79 and 80:
7 Nouns 64 7.5.3.1 Adverbs are the
Page 81 and 82:
66 Chapter 8 Pronouns Voornaamworde
Page 83 and 84:
8 Pronouns 68 (b) The unemphatic fo
Page 85 and 86:
8 Pronouns 70 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 Remarks
Page 87 and 88:
8 Pronouns 72 distinguish singular
Page 89 and 90:
8 Pronouns 74 Doe de deur dicht! Ne
Page 91 and 92:
8 Pronouns 76 Je moet de oostkust b
Page 93 and 94:
8 Pronouns 78 Ik weet het wel. Ik w
Page 95 and 96:
8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book
Page 97 and 98:
8 Pronouns Masculine antecedents us
Page 99 and 100:
8 Pronouns 84 8.4 8.4.1 Demonstrati
Page 101 and 102: 8 Pronouns 86 8.5 8.5.1 Relative pr
Page 103 and 104: 8 Pronouns 88 In this case the prep
Page 105 and 106: 8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2
Page 107 and 108: 8 Pronouns 92 8.5.8 Independent rel
Page 109 and 110: 8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
Page 111 and 112: 8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
Page 113 and 114: 8 Pronouns 98 sommige(n) some ander
Page 115 and 116: 8 Pronouns 100 Ik heb ze allebei in
Page 117 and 118: 8 Pronouns 102 8.6.9 Pronominal use
Page 119 and 120: 8 Pronouns 104 When waar and its pr
Page 121 and 122: 106 Chapter 9 Adjectives Bijvoeglij
Page 123 and 124: 9 Adjectives 108 zaakgelastigde ‘
Page 125 and 126: 9 Adjectives 110 2.8), Parijs - Par
Page 127 and 128: 9 Adjectives 112 9.2.2 Inflection o
Page 129 and 130: 9 Adjectives 114 (am)’. It is tha
Page 131 and 132: 9 Adjectives 116 Here hoogst and ui
Page 133 and 134: 9 Adjectives 118 Note that Dutch vo
Page 135 and 136: 9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
Page 137 and 138: 9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
Page 139 and 140: 9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
Page 141 and 142: 9 Adjectives 126 -vormig correspond
Page 143 and 144: 9 Adjectives 128 haarscherp very sh
Page 145 and 146: 9 Adjectives Licht- and donker- pre
Page 147 and 148: 9 Adjectives 132 there is also the
Page 149 and 150: 10 Adverbs 134 are basically as for
Page 151: 10 Adverbs 10.1.2.2 Minder/minst
Page 155 and 156: 10 Adverbs 140 The only exceptions
Page 157 and 158: 10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant
Page 159 and 160: 10 Adverbs 144 Sunday week zondag o
Page 161 and 162: 10 Adverbs 146 10.3.13 Now now nu (
Page 163 and 164: 10 Adverbs 148 all week (long) de (
Page 165 and 166: 10 Adverbs 150 not yet nog niet sti
Page 167 and 168: 10 Adverbs 152 10.3.21.4 ‘Before
Page 169 and 170: 10 Adverbs 154 10.3.21.11 ‘Then
Page 171 and 172: 10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
Page 173 and 174: 10 Adverbs 158 10.4.1 Indefinite ad
Page 175 and 176: 10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
Page 177 and 178: 10 Adverbs 162 10.7.7 -waarts Compa
Page 179 and 180: 10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
Page 181 and 182: 10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
Page 183 and 184: 10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
Page 185 and 186: 11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
Page 187 and 188: 11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
Page 189 and 190: 11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
Page 191 and 192: 11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
Page 193 and 194: 11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
Page 195 and 196: 11 Verbs 180 Purists have a prefere
Page 197 and 198: 11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
Page 199 and 200: 11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
Page 201 and 202: 11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
Page 203 and 204:
11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
Page 205 and 206:
11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
Page 207 and 208:
11 Verbs 192 dragen VI drijven I dr
Page 209 and 210:
11 Verbs 194 verdelgen III verdriet
Page 211 and 212:
11 Verbs 196 kijken keek keken geke
Page 213 and 214:
11 Verbs 198 zuipen zoop zopen gezo
Page 215 and 216:
11 Verbs 200 verzwelgen verzwolg ve
Page 217 and 218:
11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
Page 219 and 220:
11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also
Page 221 and 222:
11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
Page 223 and 224:
11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had
Page 225 and 226:
11 Verbs There is an adjective form
Page 227 and 228:
11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
Page 229 and 230:
11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
Page 231 and 232:
11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
Page 233 and 234:
11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
Page 235 and 236:
11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
Page 237 and 238:
11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
Page 239 and 240:
11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
Page 241 and 242:
11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
Page 243 and 244:
11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
Page 245 and 246:
11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
Page 247 and 248:
11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
Page 249 and 250:
11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
Page 251 and 252:
11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
Page 253 and 254:
11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
Page 255 and 256:
11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
Page 257 and 258:
11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
Page 259 and 260:
11 Verbs 244 This double participle
Page 261 and 262:
11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
Page 263 and 264:
11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
Page 265 and 266:
11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
Page 267 and 268:
11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
Page 269 and 270:
11 Verbs 254 When writing such an o
Page 271 and 272:
11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
Page 273 and 274:
11 Verbs 258 There are basically tw
Page 275 and 276:
11 Verbs 260 zich uitsloven to go t
Page 277 and 278:
11 Verbs 262 zich vervelen* to be b
Page 279 and 280:
11 Verbs 264 Ik heb geen geld bij m
Page 281 and 282:
11 Verbs 266 laten zinken (tr.) Ik
Page 283 and 284:
11 Verbs 268 betreffen to concern W
Page 285 and 286:
11 Verbs 270 2 Nominal prefixes for
Page 287 and 288:
11 Verbs 272 The above is potential
Page 289 and 290:
11 Verbs 274 meaning. This process
Page 291 and 292:
11 Verbs 276 11.20.2.1.4 The prefix
Page 293 and 294:
11 Verbs 278 11.21 Verbs followed b
Page 295 and 296:
11 Verbs 280 bij aankomen to arrive
Page 297 and 298:
11 Verbs 282 om smaken to taste of
Page 299 and 300:
11 Verbs 284 lijken to look like le
Page 301 and 302:
11 Verbs 286 tot (see 11.21.1) uit
Page 303 and 304:
11 Verbs 288 gelden to count for, b
Page 305 and 306:
290 Chapter 12 Conjunctions Voegwoo
Page 307 and 308:
12 Conjunctions 292 12.1.1.3 In the
Page 309 and 310:
12 Conjunctions 294 Onze kennissen
Page 311 and 312:
12 Conjunctions 296 sinds since (te
Page 313 and 314:
12 Conjunctions 298 It is, for exam
Page 315 and 316:
12 Conjunctions 300 It is also used
Page 317 and 318:
12 Conjunctions 302 The adverbial c
Page 319 and 320:
12 Conjunctions 304 12.2.1.10 Naar
Page 321 and 322:
12 Conjunctions 306 12.4 Correlativ
Page 323 and 324:
12 Conjunctions 308 12.4.2 Adverbia
Page 325 and 326:
12 Conjunctions 310 om 1 in order t
Page 327 and 328:
12 Conjunctions 312 but only or Hij
Page 329 and 330:
12 Conjunctions 314 welk(e) . .. oo
Page 331 and 332:
13 Prepositions 316 geen ster aan d
Page 333 and 334:
13 Prepositions 318 behalve ‘exce
Page 335 and 336:
13 Prepositions 320 binnen ‘withi
Page 337 and 338:
13 Prepositions 322 Hij zit (in) ee
Page 339 and 340:
13 Prepositions 324 naar Parijs ver
Page 341 and 342:
13 Prepositions 326 Onder het lezen
Page 343 and 344:
13 Prepositions 328 Als kind heb ik
Page 345 and 346:
13 Prepositions 330 sinds ‘since,
Page 347 and 348:
13 Prepositions 332 tussen 3 en 4 u
Page 349 and 350:
13 Prepositions 334 Ik heb het via
Page 351 and 352:
13 Prepositions 336 aan deze/die ka
Page 353 and 354:
13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
Page 355 and 356:
13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
Page 357 and 358:
13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
Page 359 and 360:
14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
Page 361 and 362:
14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
Page 363 and 364:
14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
Page 365 and 366:
14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
Page 367 and 368:
14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
Page 369 and 370:
14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
Page 371 and 372:
14 Numerals 356 een man van achter
Page 373 and 374:
14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
Page 375 and 376:
14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
Page 377 and 378:
14 Numerals 362 in vijf jaar tijd i
Page 379 and 380:
14 Numerals 364 14.11.2 Square and
Page 381 and 382:
366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
Page 383 and 384:
15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
Page 385 and 386:
15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
Page 387 and 388:
15 Er 372 15.5.2 When a clause begi
Page 389 and 390:
374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
Page 391 and 392:
16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
Page 393 and 394:
16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
Page 395 and 396:
16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
Page 397 and 398:
16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
Page 399 and 400:
Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigenna
Page 407 and 408:
Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
Page 417 and 418:
Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
Page 419 and 420:
Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
Page 421 and 422:
Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
Page 423 and 424:
Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
Page 433 and 434:
Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
Page 435 and 436:
Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
Page 437 and 438:
Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
Page 439 and 440:
Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
Page 441 and 442:
Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
Page 443 and 444:
428 Index The numbers given are par
Page 445 and 446:
Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
Page 447 and 448:
Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
Page 449 and 450:
Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
Page 451 and 452:
Index 436 punctuation 3 comma 3.1 r
Page 453 and 454:
Index 438 verschillende indefinite
show all

Grammatica - loco

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?