Grammatica - loco

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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Welk boek (welke film, welke acteurs) heb je gezien? Which/what book (film, people) did you see? Welke heb je gekocht? Which/what ones did you buy? Welk (boek understood) heb je gekocht? Which/what one did you buy? Welke (film understood) heb je gezien? Which/what one did you see? Welke (acteurs understood) heb je gezien? Which/what ones did you see? Interrogative pronouns 105
106 Chapter 9 Adjectives Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden 9.1 9.1.1 Rules for inflection Verbuiging An adjective used attributively (i.e. before the noun) will always take an -e ending except in the following cases, all of them indefinite: (a) Before a singular neuter noun preceded by een, elk, enig, geen, genoeg, ieder, menig, veel, welk, zo’n, zulk, e.g.: een klein huis ‘a small house’, geen klein huis ‘not a small house’, elk/ieder klein meisje ‘every/each small girl’, genoeg wit papier ‘enough white paper’, welk wit papier ‘which white paper’ (b) Before singular neuter nouns preceded by nothing, i.e. oud brood ‘stale bread’, zoet water ‘fresh water’. 1 Note that in all other cases an ending is required, e.g. het oude brood ‘the stale bread’, zulke oude huizen ‘such old houses’, stoute kinderen ‘naughty children’, dit/dat stomme ding ‘this/that stupid thing’, mijn witte papier ‘my white paper’ etc. It should be noted that in expressions such as ‘Jan’s large house’, ‘Jan’s’ acts as a possessive (i.e. = zijn) and thus the adjective following it is inflected, i.e. Jans grote huis. 1 In expressions such as Witte Huis te koop ‘White House for sale’, Rode Kruis ‘Red Cross’ and Engelse pond gedevalueerd ‘English pound devalued’ the meaning is definite even though the neuter article has been omitted for the sake of brevity and therefore the adjective is inflected.
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1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 Content
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1 Pronunciation 2 being confused wh
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1 Pronunciation 4 the more common t
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1 Pronunciation 6 their zachte gee,
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8 Chapter 2 Spelling Spelling As wi
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2 Spelling 10 August 1996, dictated
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2 Spelling 12 doet het, hè? ‘You
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2 Spelling 14 7.2.1.4. In the follo
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2 Spelling 16 Under the spelling ru
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2 Spelling 18 2.9 The alphabet The
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20 Generally speaking Dutch punctua
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3 Punctuation 22 The following subt
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4 Cases 24 blootshoofds bare-headed
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5 Articles 26 (b) It is commonly om
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5 Articles 28 Hij is de nieuwe Comm
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5 Articles 30 (d) It is always used
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32 Chapter 6 Demonstratives Aanwijz
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34 Chapter 7 Nouns Zelfstandige naa
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7 Nouns 36 7.1.1.9 Words ending in
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7 Nouns 38 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 Neuter nou
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7 Nouns 40 7.1.2.11 Adjectives endi
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7 Nouns 42 7.1.4 Nouns with two gen
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7 Nouns 44 formation is always to a
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7 Nouns 46 7.2.1.6 Foreign (usually
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7 Nouns Exceptions: nouns of Greek
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7 Nouns 50 7.2.2.3 There is a small
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7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid join
Page 69 and 70: 7 Nouns The Netherlands Nederland t
Page 71 and 72: 7 Nouns 56 7.3.6 -ster (a) Nouns de
Page 73 and 74: 7 Nouns 58 7.5.1.2 -tje (a) Words c
Page 75 and 76: 7 Nouns 60 7.5.1.5 -kje Nouns endin
Page 77 and 78: 7 Nouns 62 scheermes razor scheerme
Page 79 and 80: 7 Nouns 64 7.5.3.1 Adverbs are the
Page 81 and 82: 66 Chapter 8 Pronouns Voornaamworde
Page 83 and 84: 8 Pronouns 68 (b) The unemphatic fo
Page 85 and 86: 8 Pronouns 70 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 Remarks
Page 87 and 88: 8 Pronouns 72 distinguish singular
Page 89 and 90: 8 Pronouns 74 Doe de deur dicht! Ne
Page 91 and 92: 8 Pronouns 76 Je moet de oostkust b
Page 93 and 94: 8 Pronouns 78 Ik weet het wel. Ik w
Page 95 and 96: 8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book
Page 97 and 98: 8 Pronouns Masculine antecedents us
Page 99 and 100: 8 Pronouns 84 8.4 8.4.1 Demonstrati
Page 101 and 102: 8 Pronouns 86 8.5 8.5.1 Relative pr
Page 103 and 104: 8 Pronouns 88 In this case the prep
Page 105 and 106: 8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2
Page 107 and 108: 8 Pronouns 92 8.5.8 Independent rel
Page 109 and 110: 8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
Page 111 and 112: 8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
Page 113 and 114: 8 Pronouns 98 sommige(n) some ander
Page 115 and 116: 8 Pronouns 100 Ik heb ze allebei in
Page 117 and 118: 8 Pronouns 102 8.6.9 Pronominal use
Page 119: 8 Pronouns 104 When waar and its pr
Page 123 and 124: 9 Adjectives 108 zaakgelastigde ‘
Page 125 and 126: 9 Adjectives 110 2.8), Parijs - Par
Page 127 and 128: 9 Adjectives 112 9.2.2 Inflection o
Page 129 and 130: 9 Adjectives 114 (am)’. It is tha
Page 131 and 132: 9 Adjectives 116 Here hoogst and ui
Page 133 and 134: 9 Adjectives 118 Note that Dutch vo
Page 135 and 136: 9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
Page 137 and 138: 9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
Page 139 and 140: 9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
Page 141 and 142: 9 Adjectives 126 -vormig correspond
Page 143 and 144: 9 Adjectives 128 haarscherp very sh
Page 145 and 146: 9 Adjectives Licht- and donker- pre
Page 147 and 148: 9 Adjectives 132 there is also the
Page 149 and 150: 10 Adverbs 134 are basically as for
Page 151 and 152: 10 Adverbs 10.1.2.2 Minder/minst
Page 153 and 154: 10 Adverbs 138 Hartstikke, although
Page 155 and 156: 10 Adverbs 140 The only exceptions
Page 157 and 158: 10 Adverbs 142 A stylistic variant
Page 159 and 160: 10 Adverbs 144 Sunday week zondag o
Page 161 and 162: 10 Adverbs 146 10.3.13 Now now nu (
Page 163 and 164: 10 Adverbs 148 all week (long) de (
Page 165 and 166: 10 Adverbs 150 not yet nog niet sti
Page 167 and 168: 10 Adverbs 152 10.3.21.4 ‘Before
Page 169 and 170: 10 Adverbs 154 10.3.21.11 ‘Then
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10 Adverbs 156 hiervandaan, van hie
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10 Adverbs 158 10.4.1 Indefinite ad
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10 Adverbs 160 10.7 10.7.1 Formatio
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10 Adverbs 162 10.7.7 -waarts Compa
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10 Adverbs 164 Ik ben even gaan kij
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10 Adverbs 166 Je kent onze pastoor
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10 Adverbs 168 Hoor is very frequen
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11 Verbs 170 stole), hij heeft gest
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11 Verbs 172 hij gelooft hij reist
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11 Verbs 174 Those stems that end i
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11 Verbs 176 One should learn both
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11 Verbs 178 Examples: beloven ‘t
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11 Verbs 180 Purists have a prefere
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11 Verbs 182 Zij zullen het mij heb
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11 Verbs 184 Although it is not com
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11 Verbs 186 Onze hond is net doodg
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11 Verbs 188 11.2.4 11.2.4.1 Pluper
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11 Verbs 190 Als hij vroeger harder
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11 Verbs 192 dragen VI drijven I dr
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11 Verbs 194 verdelgen III verdriet
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11 Verbs 196 kijken keek keken geke
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11 Verbs 198 zuipen zoop zopen gezo
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11 Verbs 200 verzwelgen verzwolg ve
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11 Verbs 202 archaic: vraagde vraag
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11 Verbs 204 Jagen and waaien also
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11 Verbs 206 11.4.3 Jagen ‘to hun
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11 Verbs 208 Imperfect tense ik had
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11 Verbs There is an adjective form
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11 Verbs 212 It is impossible to gi
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11 Verbs 214 stikken to suffocate s
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11 Verbs 216 lopen ‘to run’ Hij
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11 Verbs 218 verliezen ‘to lose
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11 Verbs 220 11.8.1 11.8.1.1 Presen
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11 Verbs 222 11.8.2 Perfect tenses
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11 Verbs 224 11.8.3.1.4 mogen There
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11 Verbs 226 Dat kan wel waar zijn
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11 Verbs 228 (c) In formal style th
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11 Verbs 230 Note also the idiom Ho
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11 Verbs 232 11.9.2.2 It is never u
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11 Verbs 234 Zij hoorde mij komen.
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11 Verbs 236 11.9.3 Use of om . . .
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11 Verbs 238 11.10 11.10.1 The impe
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11 Verbs 240 11.10.4 Occasionally t
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11 Verbs 242 11.12 11.12.1 The pass
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11 Verbs 244 This double participle
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11 Verbs 246 Dat had gedaan moeten
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11 Verbs 248 11.13 Progressive or c
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11 Verbs 250 11.15.1 Many adjective
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11 Verbs 252 Although there is the
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11 Verbs 254 When writing such an o
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11 Verbs 256 Going out is very expe
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11 Verbs 258 There are basically tw
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11 Verbs 260 zich uitsloven to go t
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11 Verbs 262 zich vervelen* to be b
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11 Verbs 264 Ik heb geen geld bij m
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11 Verbs 266 laten zinken (tr.) Ik
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11 Verbs 268 betreffen to concern W
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11 Verbs 270 2 Nominal prefixes for
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11 Verbs 272 The above is potential
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11 Verbs 274 meaning. This process
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11 Verbs 276 11.20.2.1.4 The prefix
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11 Verbs 278 11.21 Verbs followed b
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11 Verbs 280 bij aankomen to arrive
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11 Verbs 282 om smaken to taste of
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11 Verbs 284 lijken to look like le
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11 Verbs 286 tot (see 11.21.1) uit
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11 Verbs 288 gelden to count for, b
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290 Chapter 12 Conjunctions Voegwoo
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12 Conjunctions 292 12.1.1.3 In the
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12 Conjunctions 294 Onze kennissen
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12 Conjunctions 296 sinds since (te
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12 Conjunctions 298 It is, for exam
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12 Conjunctions 300 It is also used
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12 Conjunctions 302 The adverbial c
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12 Conjunctions 304 12.2.1.10 Naar
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12 Conjunctions 306 12.4 Correlativ
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12 Conjunctions 308 12.4.2 Adverbia
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12 Conjunctions 310 om 1 in order t
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12 Conjunctions 312 but only or Hij
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12 Conjunctions 314 welk(e) . .. oo
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13 Prepositions 316 geen ster aan d
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13 Prepositions 318 behalve ‘exce
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13 Prepositions 320 binnen ‘withi
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13 Prepositions 322 Hij zit (in) ee
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13 Prepositions 324 naar Parijs ver
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13 Prepositions 326 Onder het lezen
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13 Prepositions 328 Als kind heb ik
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13 Prepositions 330 sinds ‘since,
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13 Prepositions 332 tussen 3 en 4 u
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13 Prepositions 334 Ik heb het via
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13 Prepositions 336 aan deze/die ka
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13 Prepositions 338 Hij is het land
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13 Prepositions 340 Hij is op winst
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13 Prepositions 342 Note also: een
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14 Numerals 344 10 tien 28 achtentw
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14 Numerals 346 14.1.1.2 The Dutch
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14 Numerals 348 14.1.2.2 Honderd, d
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14 Numerals 350 14.2 Ordinal number
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14 Numerals 352 14.2.1.5 Foreign ki
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14 Numerals 354 2/3 twee derde 15 (
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14 Numerals 356 een man van achter
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14 Numerals 358 Het is vijf over ee
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14 Numerals 360 ‘a few’ and hoe
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14 Numerals 362 in vijf jaar tijd i
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14 Numerals 364 14.11.2 Square and
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366 Chapter 15 Er Er, which literal
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15 Er 368 Hij heeft er genoeg. He h
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15 Er 370 Hij verdenkt er zijn vrie
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15 Er 372 15.5.2 When a clause begi
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374 Chapter 16 Negation Ontkenning
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16 Negation 376 Hij is niet mijn va
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16 Negation 378 Hij geeft geen geld
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16 Negation 380 16.1.4.6 ‘Not . .
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16 Negation 382 16.1.4.13 Nietwaar?
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Appendix 1 Letter writing and email
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390 Appendix 2 Proper nouns Eigenna
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 392 Country
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 400 Provinc
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns Berlin Berl
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 404 Lorrain
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Appendix 2 Proper nouns 406 3 Histo
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Appendix 3 Common Dutch abbreviatio
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416 Glossary of grammatical terms A
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Glossary of grammatical terms 418 C
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Glossary of grammatical terms 420 e
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Glossary of grammatical terms 422 I
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Glossary of grammatical terms 424 P
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Glossary of grammatical terms 426 i
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428 Index The numbers given are par
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Index 430 daar- + preposition 8.4.3
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Index 432 hun object pronoun 8.1, 8
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Index 434 preposition 13 after verb
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Index 436 punctuation 3 comma 3.1 r
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Index 438 verschillende indefinite
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Grammatica - loco

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