Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 het enige wat the only thing (which/that) (see 8.6.8 (e)) het laatste wat the last thing (which/that) Hij heeft niets in zijn huis wat waardevol is. He hasn’t got anything in his house that is valuable. Sometimes the antecedent of wat is an entire clause: Hij heeft zijn auto total loss gereden, wat ik erg jammer vind. He has written his car off, which I think is a great shame. 8.5.5 Word order in relative clauses Sending the verb to the end of the relative clause sometimes confuses English speakers who are used to the relative immediately following the noun to which it refers. One can keep the antecedent and the relative together in Dutch, as the following examples illustrate, but that is not usually the case. (a) Ik heb hem het lijstje gestuurd dat je me hebt gegeven. I sent him the list that you gave me. This word order is preferable to the following although what follows is not incorrect (but note the obligatory comma in this case): Ik heb hem het lijstje dat je me hebt gegeven, gestuurd. (b) Laat me het hondje eens zien dat je gekocht hebt. Show me the puppy that you’ve bought. Here the distance between the relative and its antecedent is greater and the speaker may prefer: Laat me dat hondje dat je gekocht hebt, eens zien. But either is possible. (c) Ik kan een kast toch moeilijk afsluiten waar jij de sleutel van hebt. I can’t really lock a cupboard that you have got the key to. Here the distance is so great that the following would be preferred: Ik kan een kast waar jij de sleutel van hebt, toch moeilijk afsluiten. Relative pronouns 89
8 Pronouns 90 8.5.6 ‘Whose’ 1 2 3 wiens (for masculine antecedents) van wie/waarvan wie z’n wier (for feminine and plural antecedents) van wie/waarvan wie d’r/hun welks (for non-personal antecedents) waarvan waarvan The forms given in column 1 are only found in very formal written language, wiens being somewhat more common than wier or welks, both of which are regarded as being particularly archaic. Usually the forms in column 2 replace those in 1 in writing and speech and those in column 3 are restricted to the colloquial language but are infrequent: (written) De man wiens boek ik geleend heb is ziek. (spoken and written) De man van wie ik het boek geleend heb is ziek. (note the new word order) (very colloquial) De man wie z’n boek ik geleend heb is ziek. The man whose book I borrowed is sick. (written) Het huis welks dak ingestort is, is later verkocht. (spoken and written) Het huis waarvan het dak ingestort is, is later verkocht. or Het huis waar het dak van ingestort is, is later verkocht. The house whose roof (of which the roof) collapsed was later sold. 8.5.7 Preposition plus ‘whose’ (a) As we have seen, ‘whose’ is normally expressed in Dutch by van wie or waarvan, but a complication arises when one is confronted with a sentence like the following: The man in whose chair I am sitting is my uncle. It is impossible to have op and van together which is what would happen if you render ‘whose’ by van wie. In such an instance wiens, although stilted when used as above, is somewhat more commonly used when a preposition is involved:
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- Page 109 and 110: 8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
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het enige wat the only thing (which/that) (see 8.6.8 (e))<br />
het laatste wat the last thing (which/that)<br />
Hij heeft niets in zijn huis wat waardevol is.<br />
He hasn’t got anything in his house that is valuable.<br />
Sometimes the antecedent of wat is an entire clause:<br />
Hij heeft zijn auto total loss gereden, wat ik erg jammer<br />
vind.<br />
He has written his car off, which I think is a great shame.<br />
8.5.5<br />
Word order in relative clauses<br />
Sending the verb to the end of the relative clause sometimes confuses English<br />
speakers who are used to the relative immediately following the noun to<br />
which it refers. One can keep the antecedent and the relative together in<br />
Dutch, as the following examples illustrate, but that is not usually the<br />
case.<br />
(a) Ik heb hem het lijstje gestuurd dat je me hebt gegeven.<br />
I sent him the list that you gave me.<br />
This word order is preferable to the following although what follows is<br />
not incorrect (but note the obligatory comma in this case):<br />
Ik heb hem het lijstje dat je me hebt gegeven, gestuurd.<br />
(b) Laat me het hondje eens zien dat je gekocht hebt.<br />
Show me the puppy that you’ve bought.<br />
Here the distance between the relative and its antecedent is greater and<br />
the speaker may prefer:<br />
Laat me dat hondje dat je gekocht hebt, eens zien.<br />
But either is possible.<br />
(c) Ik kan een kast toch moeilijk afsluiten waar jij de sleutel<br />
van hebt.<br />
I can’t really lock a cupboard that you have got the key to.<br />
Here the distance is so great that the following would be preferred:<br />
Ik kan een kast waar jij de sleutel van hebt, toch moeilijk<br />
afsluiten.<br />
Relative<br />
pronouns<br />
89