Grammatica - loco
Grammatica - loco Grammatica - loco
1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 12111 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 41111 Ze (die) zijn nu op. They have now all been used up. 8.4.3 Independent demonstrative pronouns are not usually 12 preceded by prepositions; hier- + a preposition replaces dit, and daar- + a preposition replaces dat: Stop het hierin. Put it in this. Ik heb het daarmee (= daar + met) geschreven. (see met under 13.0) I wrote it with that. These forms are also separable: Daar heb ik het mee geschreven. I wrote it with that. (emphasized) The adverbial expressions of time daarna ‘after that’, ‘afterwards’, daarop ‘after that’, ‘thereupon’ and daarvoor ‘before that’ are not separated: Kort daarna vertrokken wij. Shortly after that we left. 12 Occasionally they are preceded by prepositions when qualified, and in speech when extra emphasis is required: Wat jij voorstelt, past niet bij dit alles. What you are suggesting doesn’t fit in with all of this. Vergeleken met dat van mij . . . Compared with mine . . . Ik heb het met dit (= hiermee) gedaan. (emphatic) I did it with this. Stop het niet in deze la maar in die. Don’t put it in this drawer, but in that one. (See 6.1.) Demonstrative pronouns 85
8 Pronouns 86 8.5 8.5.1 Relative pronouns Betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden Difficulties with English relatives English very often omits relative pronouns 13 (actually only when they are objects, never when subject pronouns, see 12.2.1.1), but they must always be used in Dutch. In addition, there is often a choice of relative in English: The man I helped yesterday is now sick. The man whom/that/which* I helped yesterday is now sick. De man die ik gisteren heb geholpen, is nu ziek. *(These days ‘which’ can now only be used with non-personal antecedents – compare the archaic ‘Our father which art in heaven . . .’). The person I gave the letter to isn’t there any more. The person that/whom I gave the letter to isn’t there any more. The person to whom I gave the letter isn’t there any more. De persoon aan wie ik de brief heb gegeven, is er niet meer. 8.5.2 The simple relative in Dutch Die is the relative pronoun used for common gender nouns in the singular and for both common gender and neuter nouns in the plural. Dat is used for neuter nouns in the singular. 14 (see 8.5.4, footnote 15) De man die hier woont is oud. (sing.) Common gender De mannen die hier wonen zijn oud. (pl.) Het boek dat ik nu lees is erg lang. (sing.) Neuter De boeken die ik nu lees zijn erg lang. (pl.) 13 Note how in the first sentence below the relative ‘who’ must be inserted, as it is the subject of its clause, but how it can be omitted in the second and third sentences as it is the object and indirect object of the sentences respectively: That is the women who lives next-door to my friend Harry. That is the woman (who/that) I saw at Harry’s back-door. That is the woman (who/that) Harry sold his car to. 14 It is not uncommon in very colloquial Dutch for a personal neuter antecedent, e.g. meisje, to be followed by die rather than dat as grammar would seem to demand: Ik ken een meisje die automonteur wil worden ‘I know a girl who wants to become a mechanic’.
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- Page 67 and 68: 7 Nouns 52 ei egg eieren gelid join
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- Page 73 and 74: 7 Nouns 58 7.5.1.2 -tje (a) Words c
- Page 75 and 76: 7 Nouns 60 7.5.1.5 -kje Nouns endin
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- Page 87 and 88: 8 Pronouns 72 distinguish singular
- Page 89 and 90: 8 Pronouns 74 Doe de deur dicht! Ne
- Page 91 and 92: 8 Pronouns 76 Je moet de oostkust b
- Page 93 and 94: 8 Pronouns 78 Ik weet het wel. Ik w
- Page 95 and 96: 8 Pronouns 80 She gave him the book
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- Page 109 and 110: 8 Pronouns 94 Alle bomen die in dit
- Page 111 and 112: 8 Pronouns 96 Dit is een ‘must’
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- Page 135 and 136: 9 Adjectives 120 * getrouwd met mar
- Page 137 and 138: 9 Adjectives 122 * verwonderd over
- Page 139 and 140: 9 Adjectives 124 ‘greenish’. Th
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Ze (die) zijn nu op.<br />
They have now all been used up.<br />
8.4.3<br />
Independent demonstrative pronouns are not usually 12 preceded by<br />
prepositions; hier- + a preposition replaces dit, and daar- + a preposition<br />
replaces dat:<br />
Stop het hierin.<br />
Put it in this.<br />
Ik heb het daarmee (= daar + met) geschreven. (see met<br />
under 13.0)<br />
I wrote it with that.<br />
These forms are also separable:<br />
Daar heb ik het mee geschreven.<br />
I wrote it with that. (emphasized)<br />
The adverbial expressions of time daarna ‘after that’, ‘afterwards’, daarop<br />
‘after that’, ‘thereupon’ and daarvoor ‘before that’ are not separated:<br />
Kort daarna vertrokken wij.<br />
Shortly after that we left.<br />
12 Occasionally they are preceded by prepositions when qualified, and in speech when<br />
extra emphasis is required:<br />
Wat jij voorstelt, past niet bij dit alles.<br />
What you are suggesting doesn’t fit in with all of this.<br />
Vergeleken met dat van mij . . .<br />
Compared with mine . . .<br />
Ik heb het met dit (= hiermee) gedaan. (emphatic)<br />
I did it with this.<br />
Stop het niet in deze la maar in die.<br />
Don’t put it in this drawer, but in that one. (See 6.1.)<br />
Demonstrative<br />
pronouns<br />
85
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