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KCE reports vol. 6A Prenatale zorg 165
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- FVS is characterized by one or more of the following: skin scarring in a
dermatomal distribution, eye defects, hypoplasia of the limbs, neurological
abnormalities.
- Estimated prevalence: 1-2% of maternal varicella infections before 20 weeks
of gestation
- Prenatal diagnosis is possible using detailed ultrasound and amniocentesis
(VZV DANA detected by PCR on amniotic fluid)
Fetal and neonatal risks of varicella after 20 weeks and before 36 weeks of
gestation: shingles in the first few years of infant life (=reactivation of the virus
after primo infection in utero)
Fetal and neonatal risks of varicella after 36 weeks of gestation: 50% of babies are
infected and approximately 23% of these develop clinical varicella
Varicella can be prevented in the non-immune adult who plans to become
pregnant by vaccination
There is no conclusive evidence that VZIG within 24 hours of contact prevents
intrauterine infection
If maternal infection occurs at term, there is a significant risk of varicella of the
newborn. Delivery should be delayed until five days after the onset of maternal
illness to allow passive transfer of antibodies
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