Appendix 1

Prints, Film Wind, and Printers
Prints and Film Wind
Finishing on Film
There are several standard types of prints and with 16 mm, A- and B-wind prints. A and B wind is not
the same as the A and B rolls, which are discussed later. They simply share a similar name. Wind prints
are made off the reel from emulsion-up fi lm (A) or emulsion-down fi lm (B), as seen in Figure 5.2.
Figure 5.2 16 mm fi lm negative and print. Because contact prints are made emulsion to emulsion, the
image is reversed on each printing requiring the print to be fl ipped over placing the emulsion on the
opposite side from the original. In this example the emulsion is up on both 16 mm strips of fi lm. The B wind
camera original negative on the right is wrong reading, the image is fl ipped. Because the contact print was
made emulsion to emulsion, the A wind positive print on the left is right reading when viewed through the
emulsion.
The common types of fi lm and prints are:
• B-wind, camera-original negative: This is emulsion-down fi lm as it spools off the reel. (There is
also reversal direct projection camera fi lm but it is rarely used anymore.)
• Work print: This is a noncolor-corrected positive print of the camera original used to screen dailies
or for trial edits.
• Interpositive: This is a positive print of the camera negative used to reprint onto another fi lm.
• Internegative: This is a print, usually of an interpositive, used to make release prints.
• Release print: This is a print for projection in a theater.
• Answer print: This is a print made directly off of the camera negative to check color correction.
Unless you are blowing up 16 mm to 35 mm or doing an optical effect, your negative will be contact
printed. The contact printer holds the emulsion side of the negative tightly against the emulsion side
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