Marloth Park Management Plan. - Nkomazi Local Municipality
Marloth Park Management Plan. - Nkomazi Local Municipality Marloth Park Management Plan. - Nkomazi Local Municipality
Owners and visitors to Marloth Park are requested to report any observed specimens to myself 9 , Ronelle Kemp 10 or the National Botanical Institute in Pretoria. Another rare plant is the summer impala lily Adenium swazicum that resemble the common impala lily Adenium multiflorum in growth form. However, Adenium swazicum is restricted to black, Arcadic soils with a high clay contents, whereas Adenium multiflorum is usually associated with poor soils and a rocky substrate. The root of Adenium swazicum is adapted to the extreme swelling and shrinking properties of the soil, by a large succulent root that compensates for these environmental fluctuations. The leaves of Adenium swazicum are lanceolate and covered in fine dense hair. Adenium swazicum flowers in summer with a profusion of bright pink flowers. Adenium multiflorum, however, flowers in winter with a profusion of white flowers with a bright red corona. Distribution is apparently restricted to a small number of plots along Berghaan Street and Naboom Street, just off Seekoei Road. Notably, Adenium swazicum is found in high densities on plots 3246 to 3256. However, these plants are also found on neighbouring plots with Arcadic soils and a high seasonal moisture regime. It is recommended that some protective measures be implemented on Marloth Park to ensure species survival. Where development has been approved it is important that cognisance be taken on occurrence of this plant species, and where necessary that plants affected by the development be removed and relocated to a suitable environment before construction begins. The presence of red data species cannot be discounted due to the extent of the area, seasonal variation and phenology of plant species. It is recommended that an ecological impact study be conducted on each plot, before approval of any development, to assess the potential occurrence other red data plant species. 9 Ben Orban. Ecological Associates, P O Box 11644, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028. Cell: +27 (083) 400 7031 10 Honorary Ranger, Marloth Park. Cell: +27 (083) 647 7775 © Ecological Associates/ Marloth Park 91
NOXIOUS AND INVASIVE WEEDS An invasive plant species can be defined as any plant that propagates itself to such extend that the density that ensue is considered detrimental to biodiversity and the natural vegetation that occur in that region. Although all plant species has the inherent ability to increase their distribution under favourable conditions, most invasive plant species are alien to the country and their rapid spread can be attributed to the lack of species competition and the absence of natural control pathogens. Thus, any plant species that increases their density and distribution to such extend that it considered detrimental to the development objectives can be considered an invasive plant species. Many alien plant species in South Africa do not reveal the inherent ability to propagate itself to such extend that it is considered undesirable. These undesirable plant species, as specified in regulations pertaining to the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1983 and amended in the Government gazette Vol 429: No 22166 of 30 March 2001, necessitated the classification of undesirable plant species according to three categories, based on the invasive properties and potential commercial benefit of retaining some of these plants in demarcated areas under controlled conditions. The following three categories pertain to declared weeds and alien invader plant species: Category 1 These plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in a biological control reserve. Except for the purpose of establishing a biological reserve, one may not plant, maintain, multiply or propagate such plants, import or sell or acquire propagating material of such plants except with the written exception of the executive officer. Category 2 These are plants with a commercial application and may only be grown in demarcated areas or biological reserves. Category 3 The regulations regarding these plants are the same as for Category 1, except that plants already in existence at the time of these regulations are exempt, unless they occur within 30 metres of a 1:50 year flood line of river or stream. The affects of invasive plants Alien invasive plants have the competitive advantage over indigenous plant species and often out-compete indigenous species for natural resources, thus reducing the species diversity. © Ecological Associates/ Marloth Park 92
- Page 47 and 48: Calculation of grazing capacity The
- Page 49 and 50: Table 2: Contribution of ecological
- Page 51 and 52: Table 3: Grazing capacities for the
- Page 53 and 54: THE ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE BROWSE
- Page 55 and 56: X Y D1 Y Dimensional measurements:
- Page 57 and 58: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The browsing
- Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Browsing capacities for th
- Page 61 and 62: INTRODUCTION ESTIMATION OF HERBACEO
- Page 63 and 64: The resulting Large Stock Units are
- Page 65 and 66: INTRODUCTION GAME MANAGEMENT ON MAR
- Page 67 and 68: STOCKING RATES Current stocking The
- Page 69 and 70: Table 10: The current stocking dens
- Page 71 and 72: Recommendations on stocking rates C
- Page 73 and 74: High selectivity grazers Blue wilde
- Page 75 and 76: Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogil
- Page 77 and 78: Space requirements: Kudu have range
- Page 79 and 80: Recommendation: The range requireme
- Page 81 and 82: Food preference: Steenbok utilise A
- Page 83 and 84: Table 12: The potential stocking de
- Page 85 and 86: Table 14: The potential stocking de
- Page 87 and 88: Table 15: The recommended stocking
- Page 89 and 90: The proteins may be less available
- Page 91 and 92: When urea is incorporated into a ph
- Page 93 and 94: Recommended intake for game is 150
- Page 95 and 96: Ticks The main parasite of concern
- Page 97: Figure 12: Sketch of Cyphostemma /C
- Page 101 and 102: Management plans need to be reviewe
- Page 103 and 104: Ricinus communis, Solanum sisymbrii
- Page 105 and 106: Although soil treatment with chemic
- Page 107 and 108: Planning errors must be expected, a
- Page 109 and 110: To further reduce grazing pressure
- Page 111 and 112: Lightning induced fires can also ca
- Page 113 and 114: TIME OF BURNING Least damage is cau
- Page 115 and 116: A low intensity fire will be achiev
- Page 117 and 118: Recommendations for Marloth Park Ma
- Page 119 and 120: Surface erosion will reduce water i
- Page 121 and 122: Several different types of waterhol
- Page 123 and 124: Stones Ground level Reinforced conc
- Page 125 and 126: For safety reasons these requiremen
- Page 127 and 128: Adaptive management Applying adapti
- Page 129 and 130: Figure 15: Location of the monitori
- Page 131 and 132: Appendix 1 (Continue) A list of tre
- Page 133 and 134: Appendix 2 (Continue) A list of gra
- Page 135 and 136: Appendix 3 (Continue) A list of for
- Page 137 and 138: Appendix 3 (Continue) A list of for
- Page 139 and 140: Appendix 4: Alien invaders found on
- Page 141 and 142: Appendix 5: Frequency occurrence of
- Page 143 and 144: Appendix 5: Frequency occurrence of
- Page 145 and 146: Appendix 5: Frequency occurrence of
- Page 147 and 148: Appendix 5: Frequency occurrence of
Owners and visitors to <strong>Marloth</strong> <strong>Park</strong> are requested to report any observed specimens to<br />
myself 9 , Ronelle Kemp 10 or the National Botanical Institute in Pretoria.<br />
Another rare plant is the summer impala lily Adenium swazicum that resemble the common<br />
impala lily Adenium multiflorum in growth form. However, Adenium swazicum is restricted to<br />
black, Arcadic soils with a high clay contents, whereas Adenium multiflorum is usually<br />
associated with poor soils and a rocky substrate. The root of Adenium swazicum is adapted to<br />
the extreme swelling and shrinking properties of the soil, by a large succulent root that<br />
compensates for these environmental fluctuations. The leaves of Adenium swazicum are<br />
lanceolate and covered in fine dense hair. Adenium swazicum flowers in summer with a<br />
profusion of bright pink flowers. Adenium multiflorum, however, flowers in winter with a<br />
profusion of white flowers with a bright red corona.<br />
Distribution is apparently restricted to a small number of plots along Berghaan Street and<br />
Naboom Street, just off Seekoei Road. Notably, Adenium swazicum is found in high densities<br />
on plots 3246 to 3256. However, these plants are also found on neighbouring plots with<br />
Arcadic soils and a high seasonal moisture regime. It is recommended that some protective<br />
measures be implemented on <strong>Marloth</strong> <strong>Park</strong> to ensure species survival. Where development<br />
has been approved it is important that cognisance be taken on occurrence of this plant species,<br />
and where necessary that plants affected by the development be removed and relocated to a<br />
suitable environment before construction begins.<br />
The presence of red data species cannot be discounted due to the extent of the area, seasonal<br />
variation and phenology of plant species. It is recommended that an ecological impact study<br />
be conducted on each plot, before approval of any development, to assess the potential<br />
occurrence other red data plant species.<br />
9 Ben Orban. Ecological Associates, P O Box 11644, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028. Cell: +27 (083) 400 7031<br />
10 Honorary Ranger, <strong>Marloth</strong> <strong>Park</strong>. Cell: +27 (083) 647 7775<br />
© Ecological Associates/ <strong>Marloth</strong> <strong>Park</strong> 91
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