Marloth Park Management Plan. - Nkomazi Local Municipality

Recommendations

Info

Warthog Phacochoerus africanus Pallas 1766 Historic distribution: Sweet and mixed bushveld, mountain or sour bushveld, thicket, lowveld, mopane veld and Kalahari Habitat requirement: Warthog preferably utilise open savannas, grasslands, vleis and floodplains with short heavily utilised grass but will also utilise open woodland and open shrub Food preference: Warthog feed on grass, sedges, herbs, shrubs and wild fruits. Preferred grass species are Urochloa mosambicensis, Panicum maximum, Panicum coloratum, Chloris virgata, Sporobolus nitens and Cynodon dactylon. Warthog love figs and marulas Water requirements: 3.5 l/day, not water dependent Minimum viable group size: Three animals form a breeding group. Sex ratio: 1:2 male to female ratio Recommendation: Warthog utilise every plant community on Marloth Park. Based on the September game count, 43 animals are found on Marloth Park. It is recommended that population numbers be monitored, as these animals also exhibit preference for the already over-utilised habit areas such as found in the Dichrostachys cinerea – Tragus berteronianus Low bushland plant community. Browse feeders Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758 Historic distribution: Sweet and mixed bushveld, mountain or sour bushveld, fynbos, Nama karoo, bushmanland, thicket, lowveld, mopane veld, Kalahari, and grassland in the southeastern foothills Habitat requirement: Black rhinoceros require open to dense savannas where shrubs and trees of up to 4 m height prevail. Space requirements: Black rhinoceros form territories of 250 to 800 ha. The ranch should be at least 3000 to 4000 ha in size. Food preference: Black rhinoceros are mainly browsers but occasionally feed on grass. Preferred tree species are Acacia, Dichrostachys, Diospyros, Croton, Combretum, Commiphora and Grewia species. Black rhinoceros avoid Acacia nigrescens and Ziziphus mucronata, as these trees are heavily thorned. Preferred forbs species are Justicia, Indigofera and Abutilon species. Water requirements: 35 l/day, water dependent Minimum viable group size: Five individuals. Sex ratio: The sex ratio is 1:1 in natural wildlife areas. © Ecological Associates/ Marloth Park 71
Recommendation: The range requirements of black rhinoceros are a limitation for introduction; and aggressive behaviour and economic considerations usually excludes this animal from introduction on small wildlife, or recreational park areas. No black rhinoceros is currently stocked on Marloth Park, and introduction is not advised. Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas 1766 Historic distribution: Sweet and mixed bushveld, mountain or sour bushveld, forest, thicket, lowveld and mopane veld. Habitat requirement: Riparian thicket, other dense shrub and brush near permanent water. Space requirements: Range size measures from 3 to 175 ha Food preference: Bushbucks are mainly browsers and prefer Acacia tortilis as well as Combretum, Ximenia and Ziziphus species. Bushbuck occasionally feed on grass species such as Panicum maximum, Cynodon dactylon and Eragrostis superba. Water requirements: 1.5 l/day, water dependent Minimum viable group size: Ten individuals Sex ratio: 2 to 3 females per male in natural conditions Recommendation: Bushbuck is well adapted to the Themeda triandra – Acacia nigrescens Low bushland and Spirostachys africana – Balanites maughamiii Low bushland habitat on Marloth Park. Although the September 2005 game count only recorded three individuals, it must be accepted that this shy animal in all likelihood occur in much higher numbers as aerial game counts is notoriously inaccurate where these animals are concerned. These antelope are density dependent and further management intervention is not required. Common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia Linnaeus 1758 Historic distribution: Sweet and mixed bushveld, mountain or sour bushveld, fynbos, succulent karoo, Nama karoo, bushmanland, forest, thicket, lowveld, mopane veld, Kalahari and grassland on the central highveld, on mountains and the escarpment and in the southeastern foothills; throughout South Africa. Habitat requirement: Common duiker requires thickets, savannas and woodlands that provide shade and cover. They preferably occur in ecotones. Space requirements: Common duiker has a range between 1.9 and 3.8 ha in size. Stocking rates are recommended at about 4 ha per animal Food preference: Common duikers are browsers. They feed on twigs, flowers and fallen fruit, especially of Solanum species. Occasionally common duiker also feeds on grasses and forbs. © Ecological Associates/ Marloth Park 72
Page 1 and 2:
Ecological Associates Environmental
Page 3 and 4:
THE ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE BROWSE
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: A li
Page 9 and 10:
Three different scenarios are analy
Page 11 and 12:
Ecosystems disturbed by clearing op
Page 13 and 14:
INTRODUCTION Although only a few ve
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 1: Location of the Marloth P
Page 17 and 18:
GEOMORPHOLOGY Looking down from the
Page 19 and 20:
Figure 4: Geology of the Marloth Pa
Page 21 and 22:
Tonalitic granite and gneiss A sect
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 6: Soil depth of the Marloth
Page 25 and 26:
Figure 7: Land Types of the Marloth
Page 27 and 28: Figure 8: Land use in the Marloth P
Page 29 and 30: A 610.1 B 104.0 C 7.4 D 19.9 E 39.8
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION VEGETATION CLASSIFICAT
Page 33 and 34: METHOD For an initial and broad sca
Page 35 and 36: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis and
Page 37 and 38: The dominant grass species are broa
Page 39 and 40: The characteristic tree species are
Page 41 and 42: VELD CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND THE C
Page 43 and 44: Degradation gradients are models th
Page 45 and 46: The nearest grass species to each s
Page 47 and 48: Calculation of grazing capacity The
Page 49 and 50: Table 2: Contribution of ecological
Page 51 and 52: Table 3: Grazing capacities for the
Page 53 and 54: THE ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE BROWSE
Page 55 and 56: X Y D1 Y Dimensional measurements:
Page 57 and 58: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The browsing
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Browsing capacities for th
Page 61 and 62: INTRODUCTION ESTIMATION OF HERBACEO
Page 63 and 64: The resulting Large Stock Units are
Page 65 and 66: INTRODUCTION GAME MANAGEMENT ON MAR
Page 67 and 68: STOCKING RATES Current stocking The
Page 69 and 70: Table 10: The current stocking dens
Page 71 and 72: Recommendations on stocking rates C
Page 73 and 74: High selectivity grazers Blue wilde
Page 75 and 76: Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogil
Page 77: Space requirements: Kudu have range
Page 81 and 82: Food preference: Steenbok utilise A
Page 83 and 84: Table 12: The potential stocking de
Page 85 and 86: Table 14: The potential stocking de
Page 87 and 88: Table 15: The recommended stocking
Page 89 and 90: The proteins may be less available
Page 91 and 92: When urea is incorporated into a ph
Page 93 and 94: Recommended intake for game is 150
Page 95 and 96: Ticks The main parasite of concern
Page 97 and 98: Figure 12: Sketch of Cyphostemma /C
Page 99 and 100: NOXIOUS AND INVASIVE WEEDS An invas
Page 101 and 102: Management plans need to be reviewe
Page 103 and 104: Ricinus communis, Solanum sisymbrii
Page 105 and 106: Although soil treatment with chemic
Page 107 and 108: Planning errors must be expected, a
Page 109 and 110: To further reduce grazing pressure
Page 111 and 112: Lightning induced fires can also ca
Page 113 and 114: TIME OF BURNING Least damage is cau
Page 115 and 116: A low intensity fire will be achiev
Page 117 and 118: Recommendations for Marloth Park Ma
Page 119 and 120: Surface erosion will reduce water i
Page 121 and 122: Several different types of waterhol
Page 123 and 124: Stones Ground level Reinforced conc
Page 125 and 126: For safety reasons these requiremen
Page 127 and 128: Adaptive management Applying adapti
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 15: Location of the monitori
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix 1 (Continue) A list of tre
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix 2 (Continue) A list of gra
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix 3 (Continue) A list of for
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix 3 (Continue) A list of for
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix 4: Alien invaders found on
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix 5: Frequency occurrence of
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Appendix 6: Photographs of each veg
Page 157 and 158:
Appendix 6: Photographs of each veg
show all

Marloth Park Management Plan. - Nkomazi Local Municipality

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?