Afrikaanse Handleiding - Brangus

Afrikaanse Handleiding

Introduction
Judging livestock for functional efficiency
Chapter 4 of Dairy Sci Handbook 1975, 8 (JC Bonsma)
In Psalms 8:5-8 (King James Version), David sings to the Lord:
'For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour./Thou
maddest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet:/All
sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field;/The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever
passeth through the paths of the seas.'
This places a tremendous responsibility on man; he is the axis upon which all livestock and agricultural
production centres. Of three thousand species of vertebrate animals, only thirty species have been
domesticated. These live in close symbiosis with man. 'The accident of the night', as Robert Ardrey calls
human procreation, need not happen with animals. Man's responsibility compels him to control his
animals, to measure them and to select them, and to manipulate their genetic make-up.
At the moment of conception the complete genetic potential of the animal is laid down. This determines
irrevocably the potential boundaries within which the individual can function, perform or produce during
its entire lifetime. The boundaries are, however, rarely attained. The environment, inclusive of the intrauterine
environment, constitutes a severe limiting factor when it is unfavourable. It limits the full
manifestation of the genetic potential of the animal; it retards skeletal development and ultimate size; it
affects muscular development, coat length and appearance; it changes the body profile and various related
anatomical features which reflect the normality or otherwise of the animal.
Likewise, genetic or hereditary defects or limitations are reflected not only in function but also in the
appearance of the animal. These morphological alterations form the basis for the selection or judging of
animals for functional efficiency. Of all the domestic animals, the bovine lends itself ideally to judgment
for functional efficiency. Its conformational features are distinct and can be judged in terms of
measurable productive performance.
But conformation and efficiency of performance are meaningful only against a background of some
important endocrine interactions of the body. These will be briefly discussed.
The hormones of the bovine
Figure 4.2 shows, in a diagram of the body of a cow, the position of the various
endocrine glands, and indicates some of the most important pathways along which the endocrine system is
activated. Figure 4.3 is another representation of these facts.
Hormonal balance - that is, excesses and deficiencies - is controlled through delicate feed-back mechanisms
as indicated above, and any break in this intricate chain may therefore have far-reaching consequences,
frequently on apparently unrelated organs or tissues.

Testis
Endocr
ine
glands
and
tissues
endocrinolog
ically
stimulated
Complete
genetic
complex laid
Ovary
Cent
ral
nervo
us
Hypothalamus
5/1. Thermoregulatory
Morphology as
determined by
complete interaction
between heredity
and
environment External
effector organs,
skeletal size,
muscling, fat
deposits, hair coat,
colour, and breed
characteristics
Fig. 4.1 The interaction between genes and the phenotype. At the moment of conception the complete
genetic potential of the animal is laid down. This determines irrevocably the potential boundaries within
which the individual can function, perform or produce during its entire lifetime.

In this illustration, the pituitary is in close contact with the brain, which reacts to impulses through the
sensory organs, e.g. the eyes, ears, nose, skin and feeling. The impulses are fed through the brain and
pituitary to the endocrine glands, from which a feed-back mechanism passes impulses back to the brain or to
direct target organs.
The pituitary is consequently traditionally referred to as 'the conductor of the endocrine orchestra' and
environmental stimuli such as smell, sight and food constitute the music that it plays. Through its various
gonadotrophic hormones, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) in the female and
ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) in the male, target organs are stimulated in the genitalia to produce
the female and male sex hormones, respectively. In the female, ovarian follicles develop that produce
oestrogens and after ovulation a corpus luteum under stimulation of LH. The corpus luteum produces
progesterone, which maintains pregnancy after fertilization and prevents further ovulation. In unfertile cycles
the corpus luteum regresses through luteolytic processes and a further cycle is initiated through feed-back
mechanisms.
This intricate process of cyclic reproductive activity in the female is frequently disturbed, either through
spontaneous imbalance of the hormonal inter-
Parathyroids on Posterior
Surface of Thyroid
Fig. 4.2 The location of the various endocrine glands in the body of the cow and the most important
pathways through which they function, are indicated.

HORMONES IN THE BOVINE
ANDROGENS URINARY ESTROGENS PREGNANEDIOL
AND 17-KETOSTEROIDS GONADOTROPINS
Fig. 4.3 Another representation of the facts explained in fig. 4.2.
actions concerned or through environmental stress, for example nutrition, temperature and seasonal
differences in daylight intensity. These hormonal fluctuations do not only disturb reproductive function;
they also affect growth and body composition through involvement of metabolic hormones and through
the effect of reproductive hormones on the metabolic process. Similar interactions operate in the male.
ICSH is responsible for the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells in the testes. This is a
potent androgen* responsible for secondary male characteristics in terms of conformation and behaviour.
In addition to the production of oestrogens and androgens by the female and male genitalia, the pituitary
also stimulates adrenal activity and the production of an additional source of oestrogens and androgens
and their precursors through ACTH secretion (adrenocorticotrophic hormone). These hormones function
through a delicate balance of production and interactions through feed-back mechanisms illustrated in
Fig. 4.3
"Greek: Andros, meaning 'man' and gen-, 'become'

Again, adrenal sex hormones influence metabolic function while the adrenal excretes metabolic hormones
directly into the system.
This information is presented to explain how imbalance, from whatever cause, can indeed disturb hormonal
functions and consequently the reproductive and metabolic processes. In addition, metabolism and growth
are influenced not only by the metabolic effects of the reproductive hormones. The thyroid gland is
intricately involved in the growth process under stimulation of the pituitary gland through TSH (thyroid
stimulating hormone).
Against this background it will now be shown how the reproductive and growth processes in the body of the
animal are reflected in conformational features. Expertise in the hormonal, physiological and anatomical
interactions is, therefore, applied to judge the functional efficiency of the animal(s) concerned.
Body profile and general build of cows and heifers
Femininity in the female is a direct function of the interaction of sex and growth hormones. The body of the
highly fertile female is in beautiful proportion; she looks feminine or broody. Seen from behind, the largest
diameter of the body is the mid-rib region. She has a huge stomach capacity and is big from the hip to the pin and
from the hip bone region to the stifle joint and the patella. Her brisket is not full and a fold of skin takes the
dewlap all along the brisket backwards; the entire body profile shows the forequarters to be sleek and light
and the hindquarters to have capacity and 'depth'. Figure 4.4 illustrates these points.
The highly fertile cow (Fig. 4.4, right) is of slender build compared to her subfertile counterpart (Fig. 4.4,
left). Her neck and front portion are slim and her coat is sleek. She carries no fat or coarse muscling; her shoulder
blades are lean and loose. The cartilaginous ends of the shoulder blades can be seen to move freely above the
highest points of the thoracic vertebrae. This is due to normal development and not overdevelopment of the
thoracic dorsal spine.
Fig. 4.4 Brahman cows: The body profile of the sterile or subfertile cow (left) and the highly fertile cow
(right).

Fig. 4.5 Jersey cows: low fertility (left); high fertility (right).
The sub fertile cow in Fig. 4.4 stands in sharp contrast to the overall impression of femininity of her fertile
counterpart. Infertility goes hand in hand with disturbed endocrine balance and the associated secondary sexual
characteristics. This includes increased depth through the chest, a heavy and full brisket that slopes downward
and forward. The head is coarse, with fleshy cheeks and a heavy lower jaw; a buffalo hump, over-fleshed and
fat, is typical, with the shoulder blades heavy, ill-defined and leaning over backwards. The front portion of the
body is consequently heavy and masculine in appearance, with overall excessive muscular definition.
These differences are well illustrated in the two Jersey cows in Fig. 4.5.
The sub fertile cow (left) is 8'/2 years old and has had no calves. The fertile cow (right) had seven calves and
required only seven inseminations. The disproportionate body development, due to infertility and hormonal
imbalance, is clearly seen in the sub fertile cow, as compared to the sleekness and proportionate body of the
fertile individual.
Fig. 4.6 Bulls: low fertility (left); high fertility (right).

Body profile and general build
Fertility and normal sex drive in the bull go hand in hand with strong muscular features. This means good
muscular definition, freedom from excessive fat and the profile of a bull that has a well-developed front
quarter and a masculine head and neck. Androgens, the male sex hormones, are sensitively reflected in the
withers, which constitute the shoulder blades, spine and related tissues. Heaviness or coarseness of the
withers with muscular definition and coarse hair growth, which is dark over those areas and the lower portions
of the body, are good masculine features which are reduced by castration or sub fertility.
Fig. 4.7 Rear view of bulls with (left to right) low and high fertility.
Figures 4.6 and 4.7 illustrate these points in a highly fertile and in a sub fertile bull. The fore-quarter/hindquarter
balance is particularly evident and it is clear that fertility is reflected in the masculinity of the head
and fore quarters.
In the female a high level of fertility goes with a wedge-shaped body outline. The deepest point lies in front of
the udder and the body narrows towards the first rib. The fertile cow has an unobtrusive brisket and a large
abdomen. When ossification is delayed, as happens with reduced fertility, the growth of the ster-
Fig. 4.8 The influence of sex hormones on hair, muscular development and skeletal growth is shown on three
animals, all twelve years old. From left to right: steer castrated at six months; steer castrated at two years;
intact bull.

Num and chine continue for longer than in animals that reach sexual maturity and normal hormonal
balance at an early stage. This is well illustrated in Fig. 4.8. Castration prolonged the growth process in the
steer that was castrated at six months. He has a rising chine and his long bones are longer and thinner than
those of the steer castrated at two years or those of the intact bull. In the castrate, the front ribs, chine, brisket
and head are late-maturing whilst, according to Sir John Hammond and other investigators, the rump and loin
are the late-maturing parts of the body. This, however, applies to fertile animals only.
Scapulae
Meta carpi
Fertile Subfertile Fertile Subfertile
Fig. 4.9 The scapula and metacarpus of the fertile and Subfertile cow.
Figure 4.9 illustrates the principles involved, showing the scapulae and meta-carpi of fertile and Subfertile cows.
These bones were taken from two twelve-year-old cows, of which one had had eight calves and the other
none. In this latter case, the shoulder blades are heavy and bigger than in the fertile cow, and the cannon bone has
grown longer and heavier. Together with increased growth of the brisket and chine, this accounts for the
heavier front quarters of the subfertile cow or the steer castrated early.
There are other conformational signs of physiological or anatomical aberrations in the bovine body. Some of
these will be discussed briefly.
Obesity and fat deposits
The question frequently arises whether obesity is responsible for reduced fertility or whether the subfertile animal
becomes obese. The answer is that obesity reciprocates low fertility, and vice versa. Naturally the cow
that does not reproduce, for whatever reason, requires no energy for the intra-uterine growth of the fetus and
for milk production and consequently increases in mass with ease. Overfeeding again decreases the fertile
life-span. Biological and hormonal processes are accelerated. Follicular activity increases in the female and
more inseminations are required for conception.
Cows that are maintained in a high condition are less profitable and require more veterinary attention.
Their fertile lifespan is reduced; they succumb to various diseases such as laminitis, arthritis and uterine
infections, and the milk production of over-fat heifers is permanently reduced.
Feeding economy and longevity in the cow require freedom from obesity. Over-fatness has for too long been
looked upon as good stockman ship. Disregarded as a handicap in animals, it has frequently and incorrectly
been prized in show rings and at sales.

Bulls likewise require a high degree of physical fitness, which is never attained with obesity. It has been shown
conclusively that fat accumulation in the neck of the scrotum insulates the testes. The heat-exchange
system in the spermatic cord becomes ineffective with the presence of fatty tissue, resulting in a reduction in
sperm mobility and an increase in abnormal spermatozoa.
Figure 4.4 shows two Brahman cows drawn to scale. The fertile cow had eleven calves in thirteen years;
the subfertile cow had two abortions and never raised a calf. The latter cow has lumps of fat on the brisket
and an udder that indicates that it never functioned properly. She has developed deposits of fat on the
shoulders, ribs and hip bones - the typical conformation of a sterile or subfertile animal.
In the steer or subfertile bull, fatty tissue is more evenly distributed under the skin than in the sterile cow, and
lack of muscular definition becomes an outstanding feature.
The external genitalia
There is no substitute for well-kept records as the best means of identifying infertile animals. But few herds
are free from cows that, at some stage or other, suffer from functional infertility. These cows find their way to
breeding herds, to livestock shows and sales, and even to herd records. Careful inspection of the
conformation of these animals, and particularly the external genitalia, will identify them.
Infantilism or under-development of the external genitalia, particularly with over-prominence of the
clitoris and coarse hair growth on the lower commissure and even a small and shrunken external genital
opening embedded in perineaal fat (Fig. 4.10a), rarely depicts good fertility.
Figure 4.1 Ob shows the external genital opening of a cow. It is underdeveloped, with enlargement of the
clitoris and excessive hair growth.
When these symptoms are noted, further scrutiny is required to check on the fertility status of the animal
concerned. She is likely to show imbalance in body
Fig. 4.10 (a and b). Infantilism or underdevelopment of external genitalia in cows. Note the enlarged
clitoris in Fig. 4.10b on the right.
Outline for high fertility, to have a heavy shoulder and brisket with masculine head and neck, and so on.
In the bull a fine and pendulous sac with sparse hair covering, a lean scrotal neck and well developed and
perfectly identical testes are prerequisites for high fertility and go hand in hand with desirable secondary male
characteristics.
Figure 4.11 illustrates several undesirable features in the male genitalia. The testes are evidential in shape. One is
hard and the other flabby. Here the signs are pronounced, but even slight hyperplasia leads to sterility on the
side concerned and this constitutes a serious heritable defect which should be eliminated through fearless
culling. Figure 4.12 shows normal testes with proper tonus of the sphincter.

The scrotum forms a delicate thermo-regulatory mechanism which regulates testicular temperature and helps
to keep it below body temperature. It can pucker up during cold weather, drawing the testes closer to the
body. In work done with Dr Harrison of Liverpool University, radio opaque treatment of the spermatic vesicles
indicated that on X-ray examination, bulls adapted to tropical environments have more tortuous vesicles than
bulls from temperate regions.
Excessive pendulousness of the scrotum in bulls, particularly at advanced age, predisposes to injury and
impairs thermo-regulatory ability. Proper and frequent kremaster-muscle activity, movement of the sheath,
squirts of urination and long coarse hair around the sheath and on the tail switch are all positive secondary
sex characteristics in the bull and indicate high levels of androgen activity.
Figure 4.13 illustrates further undesirable features of the male genitalia. Although the testes are well
developed and normal in appearance, the bull shows gynaecomastia; this is over-development of the teat
and a sure indication of hormonal imbalance and a lack of libido. The excessive development of the
sheath, as in this illustration, frequently shows enlargement of its opening. This predisposes to a
protrusion of the prepuce, a serious heritable defect that has been allowed to develop unhindered in
certain breeds to an extent where the eradication of the condition becomes increasingly difficult.
In Fig. 4.14 hind-quarter development in a hypoplastic bull (with the conformation of a steer) is illustrated.
Superior muscular development in the normal bull and well-developed testes that are perfectly equal in
size, are well correlated with high fertility.
In the hypo plastic bull the testes are small, muscular development is inferior, and in the rump the pelvic
girdle and hips are over-developed owing to prolonged growth.
Fig. 4.11 (Top left) Undesirable male sex organs. Hypoplasia of a testis, a very large sheath and a
protruding prepuce.
Fig. 4.12 (Top right) A bull with normal testes and with proper tonus of the sphincter muscles which close
the sheath opening.
Fig. 4.13 (Bottom left) Bull with gynaecomastia and a sheath opening which is too small.

Fig. 4.14 (Bottom right) A case of serious hypoplasia of the left testicle.
REDUCED PELVIC OPENING
MAXIMUM PELVIC OPENING
FIRST COCCYGEAL
'ERTEBRA
Fig. 4.15 The skeletons of the hind limbs of a straight-hocked cow-a dystocia-prone cow and a normal
cow.
Straight hocks are most undesirable and influence the hind-quarter confor¬mation and functional efficiency. The
thurls are pushed upwards and this results in a square rump, which is an unfortunate feature of the Friesland
andmany European beef breeds. It causes difficulty at calving and holds no advantages in regard to the amount
of muscle or flesh on the hind quarter. (See Fig. 4.15.)
Conformation of the udder and teats
Visual evaluation of the udder of the cow is of little value in determining milk production in the dairy cow.
Fleshiness, which means fat infiltration and excessive deposition of connective tissue, frequently obscures the
glandular or secretory content of the udder. A big udder is therefore no indication of a cow's capacity for
producing milk.
The functional efficiency and soundness of the udder, which is a most important factor in the productive lifespan
of cows, are critically dependent on conformational features such as pendulousness, teat shape, size and
placement, the teat opening itself and pigmentation of the udder.
Everted teat openings facilitate rapid milking but predispose to mastitis. Too small openings complicate milking
and induce bruising during milking.
Pigmentation of the teats protects them against cracks, painful milking and sunburn. The colour requirement of
the Friesland, where a white underline is 'ideal', is unfortunate in cows and bulls. Pigmentation of the scrotum
makes it resistant to warts, sunburn, ringworms and infection.
Fig. 4.16 Fig. 4.17 Fig. 4.18 Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.20
Figures 4.16 to 4.20 illustrate undesirable teat types and hormonal effects on the shape of the udder and teats.
The size and the shape of the teats accurately reflect the hormonal balance in cows and heifers. Cyclic and
ovulatory inefficiency increases the size of the base of the teat, and udder development in the non-pregnant
heifer is a sign of cystic ovaries.

Udder shape and size and teat shape convey much in the heifer and young cow. There is very little udder
development in the heifer that has not come on heat yet. The teats are very small and pushed back into the
skin of the udder (Fig. 4.16). When a young heifer comes on heat regularly, the udder develops and the teats
enlarge slightly; after several oestrus periods the teats hang down perpendicularly from a fairly well-developed,
firm little udder. It is what I call a beautifully developed maiden heifer udder (Fig. 4.17).
When the heifer becomes pregnant, there is appreciable udder development, and if heifers are regularly observed it
is usually not difficult to see all the endo-crinological changes that take place as a result of pregnancy, such as
specific hair shedding patterns and udder and teat development.
The heifer or young cow that has aborted no longer has a maiden heifer udder. The udder is very much
larger, the teats are well developed and are typical of teats that have not been suckled; that is, they are
broad at the base but taper to a fairly sharp point (Fig. 4.18).
The older cow that has aborted after having suckled one or more calves usually has wrinkled teats with a firmly
closed teat duct with a yellowish-creamy plug in the teat (Fig. 4.19).
The cow that suckles a calf has well-formed teats, which are very smooth as butterfat is massaged on to the teat
when the last milk is drawn during the process of suckling. The teat duct is open and recedes slightly
upwards, so that it opens into a dimple at the end of the teat (Fig. 4.20).
Udder attachment is of the utmost importance in judging cows for functional efficiency. A cow with a poorly
attached or an over-pendulous udder will not have a long productive life.
The hide and hair of the bovine in relationship to judging livestock for functional efficiency
The hair and hide as an index of adaptability. For 23 years from early 1937 I measured all the
experimental animals at the Mara and Messina Research Stations. All the experimental animals were
measured every three months, from birth until maturity or until such animals left the stations or died.
Fourteen body measurements, including two hide-thickness measurements, were taken for each animal. This
very close contact with these animals from their birth onwards enabled me to appreciate the differences in the
textures of hair and hide. When the hair and hide condition was correlated with the climatological data
taken on numerous animals of different types, it became very obvious that the condition of the hair and hide
is a wonderful index of an animal's adaptability.
The hide thickness was measured with a caliper that slips at constant pressure,i so that all hide-thickness
measurements were taken as objectively as possible. From the climatological data taken on many animals of
different types it[ became very obvious that animals with thick, smooth-coated hides, with short hair of
uniform thickness, with a diameter of + 50/*, could stand high temperatures much better than cattle with woolly
coats and thin hides. When the hide of the short-coated, well-adapted animal is stroked, a deposit of a
brown greasy substance sticks to the fingers. The hide of the unadapted animal is dry, and only dust is stirred
up when the coat is stroked.
In all the early climatologically work done on cattle it was found that the well adapted young bulls and heifers
were early hair-shedders; that is, they started shedding their hair early in spring, according to a fixed pattern.
The first hair to be shed is the hair on the top of the neck and the crest, all along the spine to the tail setting. This
narrow line widens from the top downwards towards the mid rib region, the shedding of hair on the lower belly
region proceeds upwards, and the last hair to be shed is on the medial line of the mid-rib region. It also became
very obvious that the early hair-shedding heifers reached sexual maturity long before the slow hairshedding
heifers.
Early hair-shedding in heifers is a very positive selection criterion for breeding for adaptability and fertility.
As I became well aware of the fact that early hair-shedding was correlated with ovarian activity, eight heifers
were ovariectomised, four were treated with oestrogene and four were kept as controls. The four treated heifers
started shedding their hair within three weeks after treatment and were completely smooth-coated within six
weeks. Those of the control group were very tardy in shedding their hair; some of the hair in the mid-rib
region was never shed.

It must be stressed that early hair-shedding is a very positive selection criterion for adaptability and fertility. No
heifer that is not in a good nutritional state and that does not have normal ovarian activity will shed its hair early
in spring. The role the hair and hide play in making an animal tick- and insect-repellent will be discussed in detail in
a later chapter on the hair and hide of the bovine. It must again be stressed here that the animal with a thick,
movable hide, with high vascularity and sleek hair, is far more repellent with regard to ticks and stinging
insects than the animal that is thin-hided and dull-coated; the former is also appreciably more disease-resistant
and much more fertile than the latter. In the case of bulls the sexually active bull with tremendous libido secretes
much more sebum than the low-fertile bull. A bull with a light-coloured hide shows a dark-yellow
pigmentation in the neck folds in the case of a highly fertile bull and the whole hide has a creamy-white
appearance. The hair of the bull with a low sexual drive is a dull white. When stroked with the hand, the hide of
any bull with strong libido will leave a thick deposit of greasy material on the fingers.
The hair of the bull is completely different from that of the female. A bull of any breed has coarse, masculine hair
on the head, neck, the upper front limbs and on the thighs. The hair on the tail switch is coarse, masculine and
very often curly. In both male and female a full, thick tail switch is a certain indication of physical well-being. The
hair of the tail switch of an unadapted animal is dry, straight and sparse. The highly fertile bull or cow usually has
a luxuriant tail switch.
The hair on the opening of the sheath of the bull is coarse and also fairly luxuriant. In the case of the bull
lacking libido the hair is fine and sparse, and in the case of the steer there is practically no hair growth.
The hair on the external genitalia of the fertile cow is fine and silky; sub-fertile and sterile cows have much
coarser hair on the external genitalia. The udder of the highly fertile cow is covered by short, silky hair. The cow
that is an irregular calver or that is sterile usually has long, fairly coarse, dense hair on the udder. Around the
teats are long hairs extending beyond the opening of the teat.
Animal behaviour and functional efficiency
In herd behaviour there is a vast difference between the functionally efficient, highly fertile animal and the
subfertile or sterile animal. The sterile or sexually abnormal animal is often an outcast and does not move
within a group of animals. It is either well in front of a group of moving animals or well to the side of a
group of grazing animals; it is never taken up as an integral part of the group. This concept was
beautifully illustrated several years ago when a cattle farmer presented two hermaphrodites to the
Department of Animal Science at the University of Pretoria.
These animals were outcasts: the cows did not associate with them, nor did the bulls. The bulls and cows
at the University farm were not aggressive towards these two animals; they completely ignored them. The
two hermaphrodites were asocial and did not form part of the normal cattle community.
Fig. 3.6 A miniature calf and two normal calves

Fig 4.21 An intact two-year-old Afrikaner bull – note his masculinity and aggressiveness. He has a
thick masculine hide.
Fig. 4.22 The steer – half brother to the bull – note his evenness of coat colour. He is lethargic; no hair
growing on the sheath opening.

Fig 4.23 Steer treated with female sex hormones – note his feminine head, the relaxed ligaments of the
rump, the fine hair and fine feminine hair on the sheath opening
Fig. 4.24 Steer treated with male sex hormones – note his masculinity, his thick hide and masculine hair,
especially on the sheath opening.

Fig. 4.25 Instant eighteen-month-old Hereford x Afrikaner heifer – note her femininity and smooth coat.
Fig 4.26 Spayed heifer, half-sister to the intact heifer – note her coarse hair and lethary.

Fig 4.27 Spayed heifer treated with female sex hormones – note the udder development, the relaxation of
ligaments of the rump and the smooth coat.
Fig. 4.28 Spayed heifer, half-sister to the others, treated with male sex hormones – note the masculine
head, coarse hair on the crest, male hair on the navel and large protruding clitoris.

In an effort to obtain clearer insight into how hormonal balance within the male and female influences the
animal's behaviour, eight bull calves and eight heifer calves, all half brothers and sisters, were treated in the
following way: Six of the bull calves were castrated and two were kept intact. Two of the castrates were kept
as controls, two were treated with testosterone, and two were treated with oestrogene. The two intact bulls
showed all the secondary sexual characteristics of a bull: the hair, hide, muscling and general appearance
were masculine and the behaviour was challenging and aggressive. (See Fig. 4.21, colour section.) When heifers
were brought into the same pen as one of these bulls, he would smell her and lick her but would not mount her if
she was not on heat. The intact bull's behaviour was at all times gentlemanly and when the heifer left the
pen, he bellowed a farewell call after her. The control steer in a similar situation was extremely lethargic. He
took nonotice of any animal coming into the pen and did not even prick up his ears.(See Fig. 4.22, colour
section.) The steer that was treated with oestrogen looked like a heifer. The hair on the opening of the sheath was
fine and silky, the head was feminine, the ligaments of the rump were relaxed, and the animal resembled the
nymphomaniac. (See Fig. 4.23, colour section.)The steers treated with oestrogene were very aggressive
towards any heifer entering their pen - they regarded these heifers as intruders.
The steer treated with male sex hormone resembled a bull, and he had a thick masculine hide. The hair on the
opening of the sheath was masculine and the muscling and hump development were masculine. (See Fig. 4.24,
colour section.) When a heifer was brought into the pen of this steer, he reacted like a sexual pervert, a real
rapist. Whereas the bull treated heifers in a gentlemanly way, this steer mounted the heifer without the
preliminary rituals of lovemaking inthe bovine world, such as smelling, drawing up the nostrils and licking
the female. Six of the eight heifers mentioned previously were spayed. Two were left as a control, the next two
were treated with oestrogene, and the last two were treated with testosterone. The intact pair of heifers
reacted normally: the hair-shedding was typical of the female, they exhibited normal oestrus and calved
down normally in due course. (See Fig. 4.25, colour section.)
The control pair of heifers reacted exactly like the control steers, except that they had much coarser hair and
hair-shedding was never completed. Rough hair remained on the mid-rib region. (See Fig. 4.26, colour
section.) The spayed heifers treated with oestrogen developed very large udders; the whole hindquarter
resembled that of the nymphomaniac cow. The relaxation of the ligaments of the rump was much more
pronounced than that of the steers treated with oestrogen. (See Fig. 4.27, colour section.)
The spayed heifers treated with male sex hormones resembled bulls. The hair was coarse and had the typical male
pattern and the clitoris extended beyond the lips of the vulva. (See Fig. 4.28, colour section.) These animals
reacted like pervert males, mounting intact heifers without the lovemaking ritual. These eight groups of animals
beautifully illustrated the influence of sex hormones on the body conformation of animals and on their
behaviour.
In breeding livestock, it also became very clear that males and females gave preference to their own kind. In work
done with pigs to demonstrate the interaction between heredity and the environment, white Swedish Landrace
sows were mated to black unimproved native boars and to Swedish Landrace boars in an effort to get cross-bred
and pure-bred pigs out of a sow.
We succeeded in getting pure-bred and cross-bred pigs out of our small black unimproved native pigs, as well as
out of our Swedish Landrace sows.
The experiment worked, but in every instance the boar of the opposite breed to the sow should mate with the sow
first, since she will not stand to the boar if the boar of her own breed mates with her first.
The same principle holds good in cattle and sheep. The cow or ewe gives preference to a bull or ram of the
same breed. In cross-breeding programme cows of the same breed as the bull should not be placed in the group of
cows to be crossed.
The bulls in two groups of cows, for example Brahman and Angus, will first settle the cows of their own breed
before proceeding to settle the cows of the opposite breed.

The breeding of livestock for functional efficiency should in the first place be based upon performance and
progeny testing. This is the reason that no stud breeder of Bonsmara cattle can become a member of that breed
society unless he is a member of the Government Performance and Progeny Scheme. Performance and progeny
testing is compulsory for every Bonsmara cattle breeder. Judging for functional efficiency is an integral part of
performance testing; no animal that does not fulfill our standards of physical evaluation is put through a
performance test. Every animal that has completed a performance test is again evaluated, and if any hereditary
weakness is observed such an animal is culled immediately. The subfertile animal has tremendous growth
potential, hence the best performers have to be especially carefully scrutinized, in the case of bulls for
hypoplastic testicles and in the case of heifers for hypoplastic infantile external genitalia.
Judging the animals for functional efficiency before and after performance testing is the only way to eliminate
heritable defects in a breed of cattle. This judging for functional efficiency requires a thorough knowledge of
applied physiology and endocrinology (see Fig. 4.29).
Fig. 4.29 This is how Bonsma's concept of judging beef cattle for functional efficiency changed the show
standards in America. Top: Hereford bull, 1966 (left) and Hereford bull, 1967 (right). Bottom: Hereford
cow, 1966 (left) and Hereford cow, 1967 (right).
My great objection to the judging of livestock on livestock shows is that so very few of the judges have a
thorough knowledge of endocrinology and physiology. The judging is based on antiquated concepts that are
often called 'breed standards'. I have often observed how animals with serious heritable defects were awarded
first and even championship prizes.
Shows are an integral part of the livestock breeder's profession. Here cattle of the various breeds are exhibited
to give the prospective cattle breeder or buyer an indication what the cattle of a particular breed look like.
Livestock shows have come to stay, but they should be modified to include a better educational programme
where the placing of cattle is explained to the interested in terms of functional efficiency.

‘n Funksioneel doeltreffende teelbul lyk so:
Sterk manlike kop met lewendige oë, swaar oogbanke om die oë te beskerm en ‘n sterk
breë rug.
Growwer en donkerder hare op die kop en nek as die res van die liggaam gaan
gepaard met goeie libido (Sekondêre geslag ontwikkeling).
Sterk manlike liggaamsprofiel met ‘n goeie balans tussen voor- en agterkwart.
Die voorkwart groter in verhouding tot die agterkwart (Wigvorm).
Duidelike en goed gedefinieerde spiere veral die plasing van die voor- en agterbene wyd
en parallel aanmekaar. Goeie spierontwikkeling veral in die dye en skenkels.
Die voorarms is ‘n goeie aanduiding van totale bespiering in die liggaam.
Ferm middelstuk met goeie ribsprong en kapasiteit en goeie spierontwikkeling wat die
blad en skouer in posisie hou.
Geen oortollige vetaanpakking veral in die keelvel, borsstuk, stertwortel, flanke en
skrotum nie. Oormatige vetaanpakking in die skrotum benadeel die bul se vrugbaarheid.
Oorvet bulle is nie fiks nie en werk nie behoorlik onder ekstensiewe veldtoestande nie.
Goed ontwikkelde, ferm en absoluut identiese teelballe wat korrek geplaas is, ‘n
normale skede met ‘n klein skede-opening en growwe hare daar rondom. Draaiing in die
aanhegting van die teelballe belemmer nie vrugbaarheid nie, maar is ‘n afwyking van
die norm. Te lang of vlesige skedes doen te maklik beserings op.
Sterk en stewige been ontwikkeling, nie te fyn of te grof nie. Bulle waarvan die
skouerknoppe wyd en prominent geplaas is, moet liefs vermy word. Bene en pote moet
goed geplaas wees met sterk en gesonde kloue wat reg geplaas is. ‘n Bul moet gemaklik
vry en ritmies loop met lang flink tree.
Kort, blink en gladde haarkleed met ‘n goed gepigmenteerde en beweeglik huid.
Rustige temperament, trotse houding en lewendige geaardheid.

1 Cheek / wang
2 Lower Jaw / Onderkaak
3 Mouth / Bek
4 Nostril / Neusgat
5 Muzzle / Neusspieël
6 Nasal Bone / Neusbeen
7 Eye and Eyesocket / Oog en Oogkas
8 Eyebrow-ridge / Oogbank
9 Forehead / Voorkop
10 Poll / Horingkroon
11 Ear / Oor
12 Hump / Skof
13 Forequarters / Voorlyf
14 Chine / Kambeen
15 Mid Piece / Middelstuk
16 Loin / Lende
17 Hindquarters / Agterlyf
18 Rump / Kruis
19 Hip Bone / Heupbeen
20 Tailsetting / Stertwortel
21 Pin Bone / Sitbeen
22 Thigh / Dy
23 Tail / Stert
24 Tail Switch / Stertkwas
25 Hock / Hak
26 Cannon Bone / Pypbeen
27 Hoof Crown / Hoefkroon
28 Shank / Skeen
29 Scrotum / Skrotum
30 Navel / Naelvel
31 Barrel / Romp
32 Sheath / Skede
33 Dew Claw / Byklou
34 Hoof / Hoef
35 Pastern / Kootgewig
36 Cannon Bone / Pypbeen
37 Knee / Knie
38 Brisket/Bprstuk
39 Chest / Borskas
40 Dewlap / Keelvel
41 Neck / Nek
42 Top of Shoulder / Bopunt van skouer
43 Shoulder / Blad
44 Piont of Shoulder / Skouerknop
45 Elbow / Elmboog
46 Forearm / Voorarm
47 Heart Girth / Borsomleiding
48 Ribs / Ribbes
49 Belly / Buik
50 Flank / Lies
51 Stifle Jiont / Knie
52 Lower Thigh / Tweede Dy
53 Tortoise Muscle / Skilpadspier
54 Thurl / Draaibeen

‘n Funksioneel doeltreffende teelkoei lyk so:
Die breedte en lengte van die kop moet dui op ‘n sagte vroulike uitdrukking en
karakter. Redelike goed ontwikkelde oogbanke, ‘n sterk breë bek en sterk neusbeen
word verlang. Kalm maar lewendige oë met ‘n sagte uitdrukking.
Die ideale vroulike dier se nek sal fyn, slank en skoon wees. Die vel moet soepel wees
met sagte, fyn plooie op beide kante van die nek. Die haar bedekking is sag en
fluweelagtig. Geen of min skof ontwikkeling.
Vroulikheid word beklemtoon deur die teenwoordigheid van die tipiese wigvorm. Die
agterkwart moet dus dieper en breër wees as die voorkwart.
‘n Balans moet gehandhaaf word tussen bespiering en vroulikheid in die koeie.
Bespiering op die rug, lende en agterkwart moet glad en redelik vol wees. Swaar
bespiering op die rug, binne en buite dye moet teen gewaak word. Dit moet onthou word
dat koeie wat in produksie se bespiering nie baie sigbaar is nie.
Ferm middelstuk met goeie ribsprong en kapasiteit en goeie spierontwikkeling wat die
blad en skouer in posisie hou.
Geen oortollige vetaanpakking veral in die keelvel, borsstuk, heupe en sitbene nie.
Eksterne geslagsorgane moet goed ontwikkeld, korrek geplaas en redelik groot wees.
Growwe hare op die vulva en/of uier is ongewens.
Goed gevormde uier met vier univorme spene. Die uier moet goed aangeheg wees aan
die voorkant, agterkant en flanke. ‘n Smal naelvel in die middel van die middelstuk
word vereis. Groot en ballon spene en ‘n uier wat onder die haak uithang is ongewens.
Sterk en stewige been ontwikkeling, nie te fyn of te grof nie. Koeie waarvan die
skouerknoppe wyd en prominent geplaas is, moet liefs vermy word. Bene en pote moet
goed geplaas wees met sterk en gesonde kloue wat reg geplaas is. Die koei moet
gemaklik vry en ritmies loop met lang flink tree.
Kort, blink en gladde haarkleed met ‘n goed gepigmenteerde en beweeglik huid.
Rustige temperament en lewendige geaardheid.

1 Cheek / wang
2 Lower Jaw / Onderkaak
3 Mouth / Bek
4 Nostril / Neusgat
5 Muzzle / Neusspieël
6 Nasal Bone / Neusbeen
7 Eye and Eyesocket / Oog en Oogkas
8 Eyebrow-ridge / Oogbank
9 Forehead / Voorkop
10 Poll / Horingkroon
11 Ear / Oor
12 Hump / Skof
13 Forequarters / Voorlyf
14 Chine / Kambeen
15 Mid Piece / Middelstuk
16 Loin / Lende
17 Hindquarters / Agterlyf
18 Rump / Kruis
19 Hip Bone / Heupbeen
20 Tailsetting / Stertwortel
21 Pin Bone / Sitbeen
22 Vulva
23 Tail / Stert
24 Udder / Uier
25 Teat / Speen
26 Hock / Hak
27 Tail Switch / Stertkwas
28 Cannon Bone / Pypbeen
29 Shank / Skeen
30 Navel / Naelvel
31 Barrel / Romp
32 Dew Claw / Byklou
33 Hoof Crown / Hoefkroon
34 Hoof / Hoef
35 Pastern / Kootgewig
36 Cannon Bone / Pypbeen
37 Knee / Knie
38 Forearm / Voorarm
39 Brisket / Borsstuk
40 Dewlap / Keelvel
41 Neck / Nek
42 Top of Shoulder / Bopunt van skouer
43 Shoulder / Blad
44 Piont of Shoulder / Skouerknop
45 Elbow / Elmboog
47 Ribs / Ribbes
48 Belly / Buik
49 Flank / Lies
50 Stifle Jiont / Knie
51 Second Thigh / Tweede Dy
52 Thigh / Dy
53 Thurl / Draaibeen

STANDAARD VAN
VOORTREFLIKHEID
Maart 2012 Weergawe 1
1

VOORWOORD
VISUELE EN OBJEKTIEWE METINGS
Die teelkudde vorm die basis van diere produksie, daarom moet hierdie diere noukerig
geselekteer word vir eienskappe soos langslewendheid, hoë reproduksie
doeltreffendheid, effektiewe omset van voer tot vleis en ‘n tipe dier wat gewenste karkas
eienskappe en prestasie vermoeëns besit.
Die vermoë van ‘n individuele dier om aan hierdie vereistes te voldoen is te wyte aan
die erflikheid en omgewing. In hedendaagse tye word produksie rekords gebruik om
die genetiese potensiaal (EBV’s) van ‘n dier en die dier se reaksie op die omgewing te
bepaal. Rekords vertel egter nie die volledige storie nie. Fisiese eienskappe soos liggaam
konformasie van die dier is steeds belangrik en visuele evaluasie van die eienskappe
vorm ‘n geïntegreerde deel van die seleksie proses. Dit kan ‘n goeie aanduider wees van
raam grootte, bespiering en liggaam struktuur, vatbaarheid vir vermorsing, voet en been
struktuur en ras karakter eienskappe.
Die dier het baie kenmerke wat help om sy waarde in die teelkudde te voorspel. Dit verg
inoefening van die oog en denkwyse om hierdie kenmerke te identifiseer en te evalueer
sodat een dier opgemeet kan word teen ‘n ander deur middel van lineêre evaluasie
standaarde. Hierdie subjektiewe vergelyking tesame met objektiewe metings stel ons in
staat om die dier te selekteer wat die beste in ‘n winsgewende teel program inpas.
LINEêRE EVALUASIE STANDAARDE
Lineêre puntetoekening is ‘n hulpmiddel wat gebruik kan word om die fisiese en
funksionele eienskappe van vleisbeeste te evalueer. Met hierdie soort evaluering word ‘n
spesifieke numeriese waarde (gewoonlik op ‘n skaal van 1 tot 9) toegeken aan die
onderskeie eienskappe volgens ras standaarde. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat 9
nie die ideale puntetelling is vir alle eienskappe nie. Vir sommige eienskappe (genaamd
“tweerigting” eienskappe) soos Agterbene – Syaansig, is ‘n gemiddelde puntetelling van
5 ideaal. Byvoorbeeld, wanneer Agterbene – Syaansig oorweeg word sal ‘n dier met ‘n
baie regop haak ‘n punt van 1 kry en een met ‘n erge sekel haak sal ‘n 9 kry. Aangesien
ons ‘n dier verkies wat ‘n gemiddelde hakskeen stel het, sal ‘n ideale dier ‘n puntetelling
van 5 gegee word. Vir nog voorbeelde van lineêre evaluasie sien figure 2, 3, 4 & 5.
Sekel hakke Korrek Regop hakke
Punt: 1 Punt: 5 Punt: 9
Figuur 1: Lineêre evaluasie van Agterbene - Syaansig
2

STANDAARD VAN VOORTREFLIKHEID VAN
BRANGUS DIERE
1. ALGEMENE VOORKOMS
1.1 GROOTTE
Die Brangus moet goed ontwikkeld en uitgegroei wees volgens ouderdom. Die
raamwerk moet voldoende diepte, wydte en lengte hê.
1.2 VORM
Breed, diep en gebalanseerd met ‘n reguit rug en effens geronde kruis. Enige
merkbare daling vanaf heupe na haselêer (kambene) is ongewens. Die dier moet
reghoekig staan, met voor en agterbene goed uitmekaar geplaas.
1.3 KWALITEIT
Huid moet sag, beweeglik en van middelmatige dikte wees, asook los, soepel en
gepigmenteerd wat ‘n groot oppervlak vorm met matige plooie op nek en
naelvel. Beenstruktuur sterk en stewig.
1.4 KLEUR
Die Brangus is Rooi of Swart. By SP en aanhangsel C is wit op die onderlyn
aanvaarbaar van die naeltjie na agter. Twee Kleur (Rooi en Swart) is aanhangsel
C. In die geval van hulpstamboek A en -B vroulike diere is ‘n klein hoeveelheid
wit op die hele onderlyn asook brindel aanvaarbaar.
2. KONSTITUSIE
Hierdie begrip kan soos volg gedefinieer word:
Konstitusie is ‘n inherente erflike komponent wat ‘n dier in staat stel om onder
verskillende optimum omgewingstoestande met die minimum kompensasie,
volgehoue doeltreffende prestasie, hetsy produksie of reproduksie, jaar na jaar
te kan handhaaf, ongeag enige stremmende effek wat sodanige produksie status
op die dier mag hê.
Konstitusie in beeste beskryf derhalwe, gesondheid, energie en
lewenskragtigheid.
Prestasie is die primêre bepaling van ‘n sterk konstitusie.
Die term “konstitusie” is nie dieselfde as “gehardheid” nie. Dit hang wel
af van “gehardheid”.
3

Daar bestaan sekere visuele waarnemings wat moontlik verband kan hou met ‘n
sterk konstitusie. Dit kan soos volg gelys word:
‘n Sterk breë bek
‘n Goed gevormde ferm, ovaalvormige skof wat net voor die skouers
geplaas is.
Die algehele struktuur van die raamwerk wat vorm en grootte aan dier
verleen. Duursaamheid, sterkte en langlewendheid word deur die
raamwerk bepaal.
Skouerblaaie wat gelyk teen die borswand en die kambene lê, ten einde ‘n
netjiese aansluiting met die middelstuk en nek te vorm, stewige sterk
skouer aanhegtings om die blaaie in staat te stel om glad en gemaklik te
laat beweeg terwyl die dier loop en ook te verhoed dat die punt van die
skouer ‘n los aanhegting toon wanner die dier staan.
Goed gewelfde ribbes, wat ‘n bepalende faktor is met betrekking tot
liggaam wydte. Diere met ‘n goeie sprong van rib toon nie die
ongewenste “boepens” op ‘n jong ouderdom nie.
Breedte deurgaans, d.w.s. in die bors, die middelstuk en agterkwart.
‘n Sterk breë bors vloer, goed gewelf agter elmboë.
Voor en agterbene wat bestaan uit harde, plat en sterk been. Kootgewrigte
van medium lengte, sterk maar veerkragtig, hakke breed en droog, kloue
groot en rond en nie oormatig gesplete nie. ‘n Gemaklike ritmiese gang
sonder enige ongerief.
Die bogenoemde eienskappe wat moontlike tekens van ‘n goeie konstitusie is dra
by tot die Brangus ras se aanpasbaarheid wat die ras baie gewild maak in kruis
teelprogramme in die ekstensiewe vleis produserende gebiede. Die ras se
eienskappe van gehardheid moet bewaar word en moet as een van sy grootste
voordele beskou word.
3. BOUVORM
3.1 KOP
Die kruin van die kop moet ‘n goeie breedte hê en is effens gerond bo op kruin
van kop en is Poena. Ingeval van hulp A en B is doppies of skurs aanvaarbaar.
(Geen horings).
AFKEUR
1. Horings
4

3.1.1 GESIG
Gesig van medium lengte met reguit profiel vanaf kruin van kop na neusspieël,
neusspieël breed met neusgate wyd geplaas en oop met sterk lippe. Die bek
moet sterk en breed wees.
3.1.2 OЁ EN OOGBANKE
Oë sag en vol en wakker en wyd geplaas. Sterk ontwikkelde oogbanke, maar nie
te prominent by vroulike diere nie.
3.1.3 ORE
Ore van sagte fyn tekstuur met goeie balans tussen lengte en breedte.
AFKEUR
1. Kort onderkaak
2. Lang onderkaak
3. Skewe bek
4. Skewe neusspieël
5. Horings
6. Gedraaide neus
7. Te kompakte of te lang kop
8. Fyn of smal neusspieël
9. Uitpeuloë
10. Fyn of spitsbek
11. Te groot seekoeibek
12. Doof of blindheid
3.2 NEK EN KEELVEL
Nek sterk gespierd by bulle en sierliker by koeie, vloei gladweg saam in die
skouers in. Keel glad aan die kante, maar met goeie ontwikkeling van keelvel
wat strek tot by borsvloer.
AFKEUR
1. Te kort of te lang nek
2. Oormatige gebrek aan bespiering waar nek en skouers aansluit by
manlike diere
3. Vroulike diere met ‘n te growwe, dik, manlike nek
4. Totale gebrek aan keelvel
3.3 SKOF
Die bul se skof is goed ontwikkel (tipies Brangus) en net voor die skouers
geplaas. Vroulike diere het geen skof nie.
5

AFKEUR
1. Gebrek aan skof by manlike diere
2. Skof by vroulike diere
3.4 VOORKWART
3.4.1 SKOUERS EN BORS
Skouerblaaie redelik skuins en goed gevul met goeie wydte bo tussen kambene.
Borskas diep met goeie wydte in borsvloer, rond en vol agter skouers.
AFKEUR
1. Skouerpunte te prominent
2. Los skouers
3. Kambene te prominent met gebrek aan spasie tussen kambene
4. Oorontwikkelde swaar skouers
5. Geknypte borsomvang (Duiwelsgreep)
6. Smal of vlak bors
7. Vroulike diere te groot of grof ontwikkel in die borsstuk
3.4.2 VOORBENE
Bene matig in lengte en dikte, reguit en parallel met mekaar geplaas en met goed
gespierde voorarm. Kootgewrigte moet stewig wees, met taamlik groot
eenvormige kloue wat reguit na voor wys.
AFKEUR
1. Te regop of te slap/deursak kootgewrigte
2. Afwesigheid van bykloue
3. Bokknieë na agter gebuig
4. X-benig
5. Bakbenig
6. Duif-tonig
7. Bene te fyn (dun) of te grof
8. Wyd gesplete of gebarste kloue
9. Kloue draai na binne (skêr kloue=8,9)
10. Kloue/hoewe oop/draai uit (na buite)
11. Uitgroei kloue
12. Te vlak klou
13. Kloue oneweredig in lengte
6

Figuur 2: Lineêre evaluasie van (kloksgewys) voorbene, hoewe, kootgewrigte
3.5 MIDDELSTUK
3.5.1 RUG EN RIBBES
Rug breed en gelyk vanaf skof na heupe met ‘n goed ontwikkelde oogspier.
Ribbes goed gesprong, geboë met genoegsame lengte om middelstuk om goeie
diepte te gee. Simmetries aan lende en haselêer geheg. Waarneembare holtes
agter skouers en kort middelstuk is onwenslik.
AFKEUR
1. Holrug
2. Boggelrug
3. Skoliose (ruggraat krom)
4. Gebrek aan diepte (lyf is silindries)
5. Te geknyp of te growwe toplyn
6. Flanke te erg opgesny
7. Kort flank ribbes
3.5.2 LENDE
Breed, dik, gelyk en ferm, egalig verbind met rug en kruis.
3.5.3 NAELVEL
3.5.3.1 BUL
Naelvel moet nie oormatig ontwikkel wees nie. Geen oordrewe of permanente
eversie van die lamina interna (uitsakking van die binne weefsel van die skede)
mag plaasvind nie.
7

3.5.3.2 KOEI
By die vroulike dier moet geen oormatige naelvel ontwikkeling voorkom nie. Die
naelvel moet ook nie deurloop na voor tot by borsstuk of na agter tot by die uier
nie. Matige tot geen naelvel is gewens.
3.5.4 SKEDE EN PREPUTIUM: BUL
Die skede moet bokant die lyn wees wat getrek word vanaf die hak na die knie
(Oslyn). Die skede opening moet klein en digsluitend wees. Die tuit moet kort
en ferm wees en na voor punt.
AFKEUR
1. Skede te lank (onder oslyn)
2. Vlesige skede
3. Te groot prolaps van voorhuid
4. Te groot skede opening
Figuur 3: Lineêre evaluasie van die skede en naelvel in bulle
8

Figuur 4: Lineêre evaluasie van die skede opening in bulle
3.6 AGTERKWART
3.6.1 KRUIS
Die kruis moet goeie lengte vanaf heupbene na sitbene hê. Goeie wydte tussen
sitbene. Amper gelyk, maar met effense ronding na stertinplanting. Egalig en
sterk verbind met lende. Kruis goed gespierd.
3.6.2 HEUPE
Die heupe moet effens onder rugvlak en redelik wyd uitmekaar wees. Nie
prominent in die bul nie.
3.6.3 DYE
Buite dye breed, dik, vol en diep, strek goed af tot by hakskeensenings.
Skilpadspier sigbaar by bulle. Binnedye diep en vol. Draaibene moet wyd
uitmekaar geplaas wees.
AFKEUR
1. Vroulike dier met ‘n te smal bekken
2. Kruis – oordrewe hangkruis, dakkig of te plat
3. Stertwortel te hoog of prominent aangeheg (bobbejaan stert)
9

4. Aangebore kinkel in stert
5. Smal of vlak dye
6. Binne dye nie goed gevul en te hoog opgesny en te small
7. Dubbel bespiering
3.6.4 AGTERBENE
Agterbene loodreg van agter gesien. Vanaf die kant gesien moet ‘n effense
buiging na vore, onderkant die hak voorkom. Sterk, effens skuins, kootgewigte
van medium lengte en moet nie slap of te regop vertoon nie. Skoon droë hakke
met die regte behoeking 200-210◦. Beweging reguit, sterk en energiek. Kloue
reguit eenvormig en taamlik groot met eenvormige bykloue.
AFKEUR
1. Te regop of te slap/deursak kootgewrigte/”Snappie”/”Elastic
tendon”/”Knuckeling”
2. Afwesigheid van bykloue
3. Sekelhakkig (8,9) of regop hakkig (1,2,3)
4. Foutiewe gang
5. Bene te fyn (dun) of te grof
6. Wydgesplete en gebarste kloue
7. Kloue draai na binne (skêr)
8. Kloue/hoewe oop/draai uit (na buite)
9. Uitgegroeide kloue
10. Te vlak kloue
11. Kloue oneweredig in lengte
Figuur 5: Lineêre evaluasie van agterbene (bo) en hakke (onder)
3.6.5 STERT
Stert netjies en nie te diep aan kruis geheg, iewat laer as ruglyn. Stert is lank met
netjiese stertkwas.
10

AFKEUR
1. Skewe stert-aanhegting
2. Oordrewe bobbejaanstert
3. Kinkel in boonste derde van stert
4. Natuurlike kort stert
3.6.6 UIER
Die vroulike dier moet beskik oor ‘n goed ontwikkelde uier, met vier duidelike
gedefinieerde kwarte van eweredige grootte, met spene vierkantig geplaas van
medium lengte en wat gepunt is. Uier aanhegting moet voor en agter goed wees
en die uier moet nie vlesig wees nie.
AFKEUR
1. Bottelspene
2. Swak- of geen uiteronwikkeling
3. Abnormale speenontwikkeling
4. Swak uieraanhegting, of uitsak uier
5. Growwe hare op die uier
3.7 EKSTERNE GESLAGSORGANE
3.7.1 BUL
Die bul moet twee goedontwikkelde testes van eweredige grootte en bybal
(epidydimus) ontwikkeling toon binne die parameters van die Breedplan stelsel.
AFKEUR
1. Skrotum uitermatig gedraai
2. Testes te klein (volgens bostaande tabel)
3. Testes uitermatig groot
4. Testes misvorm of gedraai in sak
5. Kriptorchidisme
Figuur 6: Ideale testes vergelyk met foute
11

3.7.2 KOEI
By die vroulike dier moet die vulva goed ontwikkel wees.
AFKEUR
1. Onderontwikkelde geslagsdele
2. Geslagsorgaan wat na horisontaal neig
3. Growwe hare op die vulva
4. BESPIERING
Die dier moet voortreflike bespiering toon. Bo-voorarm en skouer goed
gespierd. Rug en lende egalig breed met goed ontwikkelde oogspier wat tot in
die skouerblaaie egalig inloop. Bespiering van koei moet gladder vertoon as in
die geval van bul. Die breedste punt van ‘n jong dier, wanneer van agter gesien,
moet ‘n lyn net onder die draaibene wees.
5. GESLAGSEGTHEID
5.1 BULL
Bulle moet algehele manlikheid openbaar, wat sigbaar moet wees in meer
prominente gespierdheid, ontwikkeling van skof en nek, goed ontwikkelde
gelykhangende teelballe. Verdonkering in kleur moet voorkom op kop,
voorkwart en buitedye. In sy hele wese moet die bul vitaliteit en sterkte toon.
5.2 KOEI
Algehele vroulikheid geopenbaar deur ‘n relatiewe verfyning in alle liggaamsdele
wanneer met bul vergelyk. Nek sierlik en plat, goeie kwaliteit van vel, haar
en been. Wanneer van die kant gesien moet die koei effens wig-vormig wees
(dieper agter as voor). Oordrewe vetaanpakking op borsstuk, heupe en sitbene
geheel en al ongewens. Geslagsdele goed ontwikkel, met ‘n ruim, plooierige
uier. Spene van redelike grootte en vierkantig geplaas.
6. TEMPERAMENT
Wakker, maar gehoorsaam en hanteerbaar.
AFKEUR
1. Onbeheerbare diere
2. Agressie teenoor mense
12

Tabel 1: Makheids punt
7. REPRODUKSIE STANDAARDE: BUL
7.1 SKROTUM OMTREK STANDAARDE
Minimum skrotum-omvang standaarde:
Gewigte Testes Grootte
251 - 300 kg 24 cm
301 - 350 kg 26 cm
351 - 400 kg 29 cm
401 - 450 kg 31 cm
451 - 500 kg 32 cm
501 - 550 kg 33 cm
551 - 600 kg 34 cm
601 - 650 kg 35 cm
651 - 700 kg 36 cm
Ouderdom Testes Grootte
14 maande 30 cm
18 maande 32 cm
24 maande 34 cm
30 maande 36cm
36 maande 38 cm
13

7.2 REPRODUKSIE STANDAARDE: VROULIK
1. Verse moet voor- of op 39 maande kalf;
2. Alle eerste-kalf koeie moet binne 540 dae (18 maande) vanaf eerste kalf weer
kalf;
3. Alle koeie moet vanaf hul 2de kalf elke 427 dae kalf (14 maande)
8. PRESTASIE EIENSKAPPE
Objektiewe meetings
(Aanbeveelings : EBV’s en punte)
Tabel 2: EBV en punte aanbevelings
14

METODE VAN KEURING
Keuring is die vergelyking van een dier met ‘n ander in die keurings arena.
Keuring kan basies in 2 fases gedeel word nl.:
DIE KWALIFISERENDE FASE
Al die diere moet nagegaan word vir diskwalifiserende eienskappe, erflike
gebreke, loop vermoë of beweging en ooglopende afwykings in geslagsegtheid.
Die diere wat hierop kwalifiseer, bly in die ring om verder te kompeteer.
(a) Beskou die dier van voor terwyl dit loop en kyk eers na die
voorbene vir enige gebreke. Gebruik ‘n gelyk oppervlak, sodat die
dier reguit kan loop en dat die hoewe sigbaar sal wees.
(b) Terwyl die dier van voor beskou word kyk na die vorm van die
kop en bek.
(c) Tree nou na binne, sodat die hanteerder aan die buitekant van die
dier loop. Terwyl die dier verby loop kyk na die onderkaak.
(d) Soos die dier verby beweeg, kyk na die nek, skouers, skof, borsstuk,
sprong van ribbes, teelorgane, skede grootte en skede opening. By
verse moet gelet word na die naelvel ontwikkeling, dit moet klein
en netjies wees, eerder as groot en slordig.
(e) Gee noukeurig aandag aan die dier se agterbene, veral hakke en
kootgewrigte, aangesien dit die dier se beweeglikheid bepaal.
(i) Staan agter die bul en maak seker dat die testes/teelballe
groot genoeg en ewe groot is, korrek hang en dat die byballe
goed ontwikkel is. Dit kan gebeur dat teelballe te groot is,
met die gevolg dat normale beheer nie moontlik is nie.
(ii) As vroulike diere beoordeel word, let veral na die vroulike
geslagsorgane. Dit moet nie te klein en infantiel voorkom
nie. Die plasing daarvan is ook baie belangrik omdat by
vroulike diere, waar die vulva te diep en vorentoe geplaas is,
probleme in later jare kan ontwikkel as gevolg van
kontaminasie deur mis. Die uier- en speen vorm, speen
grootte en uier aanhegting, is baie belangrike dele waaraan
aandag gegee moet word.
(f) Terwyl agter die dier, moet daar na die spasie tussen die sitbene
gekyk word. ‘n Wye sitbeen plasing het die voordeel dat vroulike
diere baie maklik kalf. Wye sitbeen plasing, gaan gekoppel met
wydte dwarsdeur die dier se lyf. Dit gee ‘n gewig voordeel.
(g) Diere wat ‘n swak temperament toon, moet op hierdie stadium uit
die ring verwyder word.
15

DIE VERGELYKENDE FASE
(a) Die diere moet nou met mekaar vergelyk. Om dit effektief te kan
doen, staan weg van die diere om hule beter met mekaar te kan
vergelyk. Haal die diere uit wat nie aan die groeistandaard van die
klas voldoen nie, d.i. die diere wat te klein of te groot mag wees.
(b) Haal die diere uit wat nie die gewenste vroulike of manlike
eienskappe in die klas toon nie.
(c) Begin dan die beste en die 2de beste ens. uit te haal en tentatief te
plaas, sodat plasings vergelyk kan word, waar hulle nou langs
mekaar saan.
(d) By hierdie keuse, gebruik die kriteria van watter dier die beste
vleiseienskappe aantoon, m.a.w. die diere met die beste lengte van
lyf gekombineerd met breedte deur die agterlyf.
(e) Die funksionele eienskappe moet altyd saam met (d), hierbo
genoem, ‘n balans vorm. M.a.w. die manlikheid of vroulikheid
moet in balans wees met die hoeveelheid vleis wat die dier dra.
Gebruik kan ook gemaak word van meetbare produksie data.
(f) Kyk die diere nou finaal deur waar hulle langs mekaar staan, vir
klou, bek, teelbal, speen en uier foute. Diere in 18 tot 24 maande
klasse kan gebek word om ouderdom te bevestig.
(g) Laat die diere finaal weer loop om tevredenheid met plasings te
bepaal. Vergelyk 1 met 2, 2 met 3, ens.
(h) Onthou dat beweeglikheid belangrik by die brangus ras is.
(i) As dit in die oggend vroeg is, voel of die jong bulletjies se teelballe
oor voldoende grootte beskik.
(j) Diere in die 18 tot 24 maande klasse kan gebek word om ouderdom
te bevestig.
(k) Wanneer daar beoordeel word, laat die diere kloksgewys om die
ring loop. Dit plaas die hanteerder anderkant die dier as die
beoordelaar in die middel van die ring staan. Plaas die diere van
links na regs, vanaf voor gesien.
ALGEMENE WENKE
Keurder moet akkuraat wees met hul opmerkings deur vae stellings te vermy.
Beperk u stelling tot daardie eienskappe waar daar wel 'n verskil in die dier is.
Vermy stellings wat u nie kan boekstaaf nie.
Praat duidelik. Gebruik terme wat in u handleiding staan of wat deur die
beesboer verstaan sal word wanneer dat na sekere liggaamsdele verwys word.
Vermy woorde soos: goed, lekker, mooi, pragtig, hemels, dof, stupid, ens. Vermy
16

vloekwoorde of enige growwe uitdrukkings wat daartoe aanleiding kan gee dat
'n persoon of teler aanstoot daartoe kan neem.
Erken die positiewe in die laer geplaasde dier, maar dui ook aan dat die eerste
dier oor minder negatiewe eienskappe beskik of alternatiewelik oor meer
positiewe eienskappe beskik. Wees hier spesifiek deur aan te dui wat hierdie
eienskappe is en waar hulle aan die dier voorkom.
Met ander woorde dit is nie goed genoeg om bloot te se die bul is meer manlik
nie, u moet ook kan aandui waar u dit spesifiek waarneem, byvoorbeeld testes
van aanvaarbare grootte teenoor testes wat klein voorkom. Dit is nie goed
genoeg om ook bloot te se die koei is meer vroulik nie, se waar u dit spesifiek
waarneem.
'n Opmerking: die bul is beter gespierd dui op 'n vae aanduiding van 'n
bepaalde eienskap wat u waarneem. Dui aan waar u dit spesifiek sien,
byvoorbeeld deur te verwys na die bespiering op die voorarm. Die dier het beter
konstitusie: weereens dui aan waar u dit sien byvoorbeeld, die dier met die beter
sprong van rib het meer breedte in die borsvloer en is gevolglik die dier met die
sterker konstitusie.
17

What is BReeDPLAn?
Introduction
BREEDPLAN is a modern genetic evaluation system for livestock breeders. It is offered by
ABRI to the cattle industries in many countries but it can be customised for other species.
BREEDPLAN offers you the potential to accelerate genetic progress in your herd, tighten up
your breeding operations, improve productivity and increase the prices of your livestock. It
can put a lot more cash in your pocket.
BREEDPLAN uses the world’s most advanced genetic evaluation system (ie. an “animal model”
which incorporates multi-trait analysis procedures) to produce Estimated Breeding Values
(EBVs) of recorded cattle for a range of traits (e.g. birth, weight, carcase and fertility). In North
American countries, BREEDPLAN produces Estimated Progeny Differences (EPDs) to conform
with the local reporting conventions.
BREEDPLAN is integrated with the pedigree systems of many breeds. With the increasing use
of artificial breeding, most herds in a breed have genetic links with other herds. BREEDPLAN
technology can be used at a number of levels, for example, within-herd analyses for individual
breeders, across-herd analyses for members of a breed association or breeding group, or
international genetic evaluations where breed associations from a number of countries pool
their data for analysis.
BREEDPLAN is the national beef recording scheme in Australia, New Zealand, Namibia,
Thailand and the Philippines. Its use is increasing in the United States, Canada, United
Kingdom, Hungary, South America and South Africa. This brochure explains some of the
concepts used in BREEDPLAN.
Why should you be in it?
BREEDPLAN takes the guesswork out of selection decisions. You can’t see an animal’s genes!
Two animals might look the same, but genetically they could be quite different. From just
looking at a bull you can’t tell:
l whether his daughters will be good milkers
l how fertile his daughters will be
l how big his calves will be at birth and how they will grow
l what will be the carcase yield of his progeny
These are the very factors that determine the profitability of your enterprise. By giving you
the EBVs of animals, BREEDPLAN takes the guesswork out of your selection program. Stud and
commercial cattle breeders can accelerate genetic progress and improve profitability. That’s
why you should be in it.
P3

A Guide to
RECORDING
PERFORMANCE
INFORMATION
INTERNATIONAL BEEF RECORDING SCHEME
BREEDPLAN

Performance Recording Timeline …...….………. 1
Recording Gestation Length Information …...…... 2
Recording Calving Difficulty Scores ...……….…… 3
Recording Birth Weights ………………….….…... 5
Recording Weight Information …………………... 7
Recording Mature Cow Weights …......……….…… 9
Recording Information for Milk EBVs ...….….…... 12
Recording Scanning Information ……………….... 13
Recording Scrotal Circumference ..……………….. 17
Recording Days to Calving Information ………….. 19
Recording Docility Scores …...…………………... 23
Recording Flight Time …………………………... 25
Recording Management Groups ……………….... 27
Methods of Submitting Performance …………….. 29
May 2012

Performance Recording Timeline
The following table details the performance information that currently contributes to the calculation of BREEDPLAN EBVs and outlines the stage of the production
cycle that each set of information should be recorded.
Joining Birth Weaning Yearling 18 months Maturity
Mating Program Details
AI Dates
Joining
Preg Test Results
Date of Birth
Birth Weight
Birth
Calving Difficulty Score
Recipient Dam Details
200 Day Weight
Mature Cow Weight (on
dams)
Docility Score
Flight Time
Weaning
Yearling
400 Day Weight
Scrotal Circumference
600 Day Weight
Scanning Measures
(EMA, Fats, IMF%)
Abattoir Carcase Data
Structural Score
Information
18 Months
Maturity
Cow Disposal Code
(Heifers and Cows)
Mature Cow Weight
** Nb. Members of BREEDPLAN are not required to record all the above information for each particular animal. Members should aim to record the traits that are
important to their breeding objective or that of their clients (at a minimum).
1

Recording Gestation Length Information
Gestation Length EBVs provide an estimate of genetic differences between the period
from the date of conception (ie. when the cow gets in calf) to when the subsequent calf
is born. This pamphlet outlines the main points to consider when recording information
for the calculation of Gestation Length EBVs.
1 .Why should Gestation Length be recorded?
Shorter gestation length is generally associated with lighter birth weight, improved
calving ease and improved re-breeding performance among dams. In addition, calves
born with a shorter gestation length may be heavier at weaning due to more days of
growth.
2. How do I record Gestation Length Information?
Gestation Length EBVs are calculated from both the joining date and date of birth
records for calves conceived by either AI or Hand Mating.
Consequently, the information that needs to be recorded for the calculation of
Gestation Length EBVs includes:
the date of birth details for each calf
the joining (or AI) date of any AI or Hand Mating joinings.
Importantly, you do not need to calculate the exact gestation length for each calf.
BREEDPLAN will calculate that from the information specified above.
3. What considerations should be made when recording Gestation Length
Information?
No information from natural matings is used in the calculation of Gestation Length
EBVs. Although some natural matings may be observed, they are not currently used
in the calculation of gestation length as there is no guarantee that the observed
mating is the one that successfully results in the conception of the calf.
Gestation length information is currently excluded from the BREEDPLAN analysis
if (a) the calf is an embryo transfer calf, (b) the calf is a twin, (c) only one animal is
represented in a contemporary group, or (d) more than 2/3 of animals in a
contemporary group have the same gestation length.
4. How do I submit Gestation Length Information?
Gestation length information can be submitted to your Breed Society/Association when
submitting your calf registration details. Please contact your Breed Society/Association
should you have any queries about how to submit this information.
For more information regarding how to record gestation length, please contact staff at
BREEDPLAN.
2

Recording Calving Difficulty Scores
Calving Ease EBVs provide an estimate of genetic differences in the ability of calves to
be born unassisted from 2 year old heifers and are calculated from three main sources of
information - calving difficulty scores, birth weights and gestation length records. By far
the most important of these sources are calving difficulty scores.
1 .Why should Calving Difficulty Scores be recorded?
Calving difficulty has an obvious negative impact on the profitability of a herd through
increased calf and heifer mortality, slower re-breeding performance and considerable
additional labour and veterinary expense.
Whilst many large studies have consistently shown birth weight to be the most
important genetic factor influencing calving difficulty, there are also other aspects that
need to be considered. For example, calf shape, pelvic area and calving “will”.
Recording calving difficulty scores allows for all these contributing factors to be
evaluated and subsequently, the best possible genetic improvement made for ease of
calving.
2. How do I record Calving Difficulty Scores?
Calving difficulty should be measured at birth by visually scoring females on the
following scale of 1 - 6.
Score Code Description
1
Unassisted
Cow calved unassisted / No difficulty
2 Easy Pull One person without mechanical assistance
3 Hard Pull Two people without mechanical assistance
One person with mechanical assistance
4 Surgical Assistance Veterinary intervention required
5
6
Mal-presentation
Elective Surgical
Eg. Breech
Surgical removal of calf before the cow has the
opportunity to calve
* Note that a blank score will not be interpreted as “unassisted”. Instead, it indicates that calving
difficulty was not scored
3

3. What considerations should be made when recording Calving Difficulty
Scores?
If you regularly check your cows (e.g. on a daily basis), it is reasonable to assume
that a cow who calves without assistance between visits can be considered as
unassisted (no difficulty) even though you did not see her calve.
Record a score for all calves rather than just difficult or easy births. Scores should be
recorded for dead calves, if possible.
If calving difficulty score is either blank or [0], it is interpreted as no score recorded
rather than "no difficulty".
There needs to be some level of calving difficulty in the herd for the scores to be
used effectively by the BREEDPLAN analysis. That is, simply scoring all births in a
herd with a calving difficulty score of [1] will not identify any genetic differences in
ease of calving.
As with birth weight and gestation length, a birth weight management group should
be recorded if there are different treatments of the females prior to calving that may
affect calving difficulty. For example, where one group of cows have had different
feed availability.
When calculating the Calving Ease EBVs, calving difficulty scores of [3] and [4] are
grouped together. Calving difficulty scores [5] & [6] are excluded from the
BREEDPLAN analysis as the problems are considered non-genetic in origin.
4. How do I submit Calving Difficulty Scores?
Calving difficulty scores should be submitted to your Breed Society/Association when
submitting your calf registration details. Please contact your Breed Society/Association
should you have any queries about how to submit this information.
For more information regarding how to record calving difficulty scores, or calving ease
EBVs in general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
4

Recording Birth Weights
Birth Weight EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in calf birth
weight. Birth Weight EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kgs) and are calculated from the
weights of calves taken at birth.
1 .Why should Birth Weights be recorded?
Calving difficulty has an obvious negative impact on the profitability of a herd through
increased calf and heifer mortality, slower re-breeding performance and considerable
additional labour and veterinary expense.
Many large studies have shown that the level of calving difficulty in a herd is influenced
by many environmental factors and several genetic factors. These genetic factors include
such things as calf weight, calf shape, pelvic size and calving “will”. Of these, calf weight
is by far the most important factor.
2. How do I record Birth Weights?
Many different methods are currently used to record calf birth weight. These range from
using bathroom scales through to the use of commercially available calf weighing cradles
that can be attached to the tray of a utility or the front of a four wheel motorbike. A few
examples of birth weighing devices are provided below.
For further advice about how to record birth weight, please contact staff at
BREEDPLAN.
5

3. What considerations should be made when recording Birth Weights?
Birth weight should be recorded for the whole calf crop. Without comparisons to
the other calves, "occasional" measurements are of no value and can actually be
misleading. Recording birth weight for dead calves is particularly important.
There are significant fluctuations in the weight of a calf over its first week of life.
Therefore, it is important to weigh calves as close to birth as possible. Ideally,
measure birth weight within 24 hours of birth.
Do not guess birth weight or use girth/chest size to estimate birth weight. Either
weigh the calves or don't record birth weight.
A birth management group should be recorded if there are different treatments of
the females prior to calving that may affect birth weight. For example, where one
group of cows have had different feed availability. A separate birth management
group should also be assigned if the weight of the calf has been affected by special
circumstances (eg. premature calves, the dam was sick etc.)
Some breeders have reportedly been injured by protective cows while weighing
calves. It is important to take due care when collecting this information.
4. How do I submit Birth Weights?
Birth weight information can either be submitted to your Breed Society/Association
when submitting your calf registration details or directly to the BREEDPLAN office.
Please contact either your Breed Society/Association or BREEDPLAN should you
have any queries about how to submit this information.
For more information regarding how to record birth weight information, or Birth Weight
EBVs in general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
6

Recording Weight Information
BREEDPLAN currently calculates three growth EBVs – 200 Day Growth, 400 Day
Weight & 600 Day Weight. These EBVs are the best prediction of the animal's ability to
grow to weaning (200 day), yearling (400 day) and later ages (600 day). The Growth
EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kg) and are calculated from the live weight
performance of animals when they are between 80 and 900 days of age.
1 .Why should weight information be recorded?
Within the Australian commercial beef industry, the major determinant of the price
received for an animal is live weight. Consequently, in most economic analyses, positive
emphasis on increasing live weight is warranted, with higher live weights leading to
higher profitability.
2. What weight information do I record?
The Growth EBVs are calculated from the live weight performance of animals when
they are between 80 and 900 days of age.
Within this age range, BREEDPLAN will use the age of the animal at weighing to
determine whether the particular weight is used in the calculation of the 200 Day
Growth, 400 Day Weight or 600 Day Weight EBV.
Trait Age Range
200 Day Growth
400 Day Weight
600 Day Weight
80 – 300 days
301 – 500 days
501 – 900 days
The live weights of animals need to be recorded to generate Growth EBVs. Ideally, 2 –
3 weights should be recorded for each animal.
3. What considerations should be made when recording weight information?
Weights should be recorded to the nearest kilogram.
Weights should be recorded using appropriate (and accurate) scales. Do not
guess/estimate weight or use measuring tapes to calculate weight. Either weigh the
calves using appropriate scales or don't record weights.
Breeders should choose weighing dates that fit in with their management and are
also reasonably close to when the average age of the group of calves is
approximately 200, 400 or 600 days old (depending on the respective weight being
taken). BREEDPLAN provides suggested weigh dates to assist you when making
this decision.
7

Do not submit weights for heifers that are more than 3 to 4 months pregnant at
weighing, unless they are at a similar stage of pregnancy and have been pregnancy
tested. This is particularly relevant when submitting 600 day weights for heifers that
are being calved down at 2 years of age.
BREEDPLAN can analyse up to two weights in each age range (ie. 2 x 200 day
weights, 2 x 400 day weights & 2 x 600 day weights). Generally speaking, it is only
necessary to record one weight in each age range, however in some circumstances,
recording more than one weight in each age range will improve the accuracy of the
Growth EBVs.
A management group should be entered for any calf or group of calves that have
either been treated differently or exposed to significant non-genetic influences since
the previous weighing. For example, calves given a supplement should be recorded
in a different group to those without a supplement. Consideration should also be
given to variations in pasture quality, stocking rates, water quality, etc. Note that
blank is a unique management group.
To ensure the maximum number of calves are analysed in the same management
group, you should try to weigh all the animals from one management group on the
same day. BREEDPLAN will automatically split your management groups if you
weigh on different days.
Ideally, calves should be weighed when they are in as large a group as possible.
Consequently, try to weigh calves before any of the calves in the management group
are treated differently. For example, weigh before you castrate some of your bull
calves or before the show team is separated out from the rest of the group.
4. How do I submit weight information?
Live weight information should be submitted directly to the BREEDPLAN office at
ABRI.
The main method of submitting live weight information is by completing the
BREEDPLAN “performance recording forms”. Performance recording forms will be
sent to you shortly after you record your calves with your Breed Society/Association or
can be requested by contacting staff at BREEDPLAN.
Alternatively, live weight information can be submitted electronically via either:
a BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program
the performance submission facility offered on some Breed Society/Association
websites
the BREEDPLAN compatible Microsoft Excel template
For more information regarding how to record live weight information, or Growth EBVs in
general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
8

Recording Mature Cow Weights
Mature Cow Weight EBVs are an estimate of the genetic difference in cow weight at 5
years of age and are based on the weights recorded for cows at the same time as the 200
day weights are recorded for their calves.
1 .Why should mature cow weight information be recorded?
The weight of mature cows in a commercial beef enterprise has a considerable influence
on profitability. In particular, mature cow weight will have a major effect on:
Cow Feed Requirements – in general, lighter cows will tend to eat less and
consequently have lower feed requirements and be less expensive to maintain.
Cull Cow Values – the major determinant in the value of cull cows in a
commercial herd will be live weight. Consequently, heavier cows may provide
higher returns from the sale of cull cows.
Achieving an appropriate balance is an important consideration for commercial cattle
producers.
2. How do I record mature cow weights?
Mature Cow Weight EBVs are calculated from the live weight performance of mature
cows.
Importantly, BREEDPLAN will only analyse the weight of a mature cow if the cow has
a calf with a weight recorded within 2 weeks of when the mature weight was taken and
further, the calf was between 80 – 330 days of age when it was weighed.
Therefore, in layman’s terms, the mature weight for a cow needs to be recorded at the
same time as the 200 day weight is taken for its calf.
3. What considerations should be made when recording mature cow weight
information?
Weights should be recorded to the nearest kilogram.
As with all weights, mature cow weight should be recorded using appropriate (and
accurate) scales. Do not guess/estimate weight or use measuring tapes to calculate
weight. Either weigh the cows using appropriate scales or don't record weights.
BREEDPLAN can analyse up to 4 mature weights for each cow. Therefore, all
cows with a calf at 200 days should be weighed each year. Do not try to “guess”
whether a cow has had 4 weights taken previously – the BREEDPLAN analysis will
sort it out for you.
9

To ensure the maximum number of calves are analysed in the same management
group, you should try to weigh all the animals from one management group on the
same day. BREEDPLAN will automatically split your management groups if you
weigh on different days.
Ideally, calves should be weighed when they are in as large a group as possible.
Consequently, try to weigh calves before any of the calves in the management group
are treated differently. For example, weigh before you castrate some of your bull
calves or before the show team is separated out from the rest of the group.
BREEDPLAN can analyse up to two 200 day weights on each animal. Generally
speaking, it is only necessary to record one weight, however in some circumstances,
recording more than one 200 day weight may improve the accuracy of the EBVs.
In addition, breeders particularly looking to optimise the quality of the Milk EBVs that
are generated for their calves should also consider:
The weights of calves should be recorded at or before weaning.
If you are concerned that a significant number of cows are weaning calves naturally
before the calves are “physically” weaned, then it may be beneficial to consider
taking an early weight on all calves. That is, if you aren’t weaning calves until they
are 200 days of age but some cows start to “dry off” at 150 days of age, it may
improve the accuracy of your Milk EBVs if you weigh all calves when they are
around 150 days of age.
4. How do I submit weight information?
Live weight information should be submitted directly to the BREEDPLAN office at
ABRI.
The main method of submitting live weight information is by completing the
BREEDPLAN “performance recording forms”. Performance recording forms will be
sent to you shortly after you record your calves with your Breed Society/Association or
can be requested by contacting staff at BREEDPLAN.
Alternatively, live weight information can be submitted electronically via either:
a BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program
the performance submission facility offered on some Breed Society/Association
websites
the BREEDPLAN compatible Microsoft Excel template.
For more information regarding how to record information for the Milk EBVs, please
contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
10

For temperate breeds, BREEDPLAN will only analyse a mature cow weight if the
cow is older than 2.4 years of age (870 days) at weighing. For tropical breeds, this
age is 3.0 years (1090 days).
BREEDPLAN will only analyse the mature cow weight performance of a cow if her
first valid mature cow weight has been taken before she is 6 years of age (2200 days).
If not, then none of her mature weights will be analysed.
It is essential that correct management group information is recorded with mature
cow weight performance.
Management groups work slightly differently for mature cow weights. If no
management group information is defined for a set of mature cow weights, the
BREEDPLAN analysis will use the management groups submitted with the 200 day
weights of their calves to sub-group the weights of the cows. Therefore, if you have
correctly recorded the management group information with the 200 day weight
performance for your calves, then you only need to assign a different management
group to a cow that has experienced an effect on her weight that is different to that
experienced by her calf. For example, if the cow was injured/sick or has been
supplementary fed.
If both the mature cow weights and the 200 day weights for their calves are
submitted without management group information, the BREEDPLAN analysis will
assume all cows and calves have been run under similar management conditions.
Optionally, cow condition score can also be submitted with mature cow weight
information. Condition scores are not currently included in the BREEDPLAN
analysis however they may be used in the future when determining Mature Cow
Weight EBVs. If breeders wish to record condition scores, it is important that the
standard fat scoring system of 1-6 be used (only whole scores) and the same person
scores all cows in the herd at a particular weighing.
4. How do I submit mature cow weight information?
Mature cow weight information should be submitted directly to the BREEDPLAN
office at ABRI.
The main method of submitting mature cow weight information is by completing the
BREEDPLAN “mature cow weight” forms. These forms are similar to the normal
BREEDPLAN “performance recording forms”. “Mature cow weight” forms will be
sent out as standard when the 200 day weight forms are sent for your calves or can be
requested by contacting staff at BREEDPLAN.
Alternatively, mature cow weight information can be submitted electronically via either:
a BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program
the performance submission facility offered on some Breed Society/Association
websites
the BREEDPLAN compatible Microsoft Excel template
For more information regarding how to record mature cow weight information, or Mature
Cow Weight EBVs in general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
11

Recording Information for Milk EBVs
Milk EBVs provide an estimate of the maternal contribution of a dam to the 200 day
weight of her calf. In the case of sires, this estimates the maternal influence that his
daughters will have on the 200 day weight of their progeny. Milk EBVs are expressed in
kilograms and indicate the expected difference in the weight of the calf at 200 days due
to the maternal effect of the cow.
1 .Why are Milk EBVs important?
The weight of a calf at 200 days is influenced by many factors. Research has shown that
70% of the variation between the weight of calves at 200 days can be attributed to nongenetic
factors (eg. nutrition, disease), 20% to differences between the calf’s genetics for
growth and the remaining 10% to differences in the maternal contribution made by the
mother.
The maternal contribution of the mother is consequently an important consideration for
beef enterprises. Differences in the contribution of the dam to the 200 day weight of the
calf are influenced by such things as the amount of milk the calf receives, the quality of
the milk received and the mothering ability of the dam.
2. What information do I record?
Milk EBVs are calculated by partitioning the difference in the 200 day weight of calves
into growth and milk components. Consequently, the live weight of calves at 200 days
need to be recorded for the calculation of Milk EBVs.
To a lesser extent, BREEDPLAN will also use the 400 day weights recorded for calves
in the calculation of Milk EBVs (as a repeat measure). Therefore, breeders should also
consider recording live weight at 400 days to enhance the accuracy of their Milk EBVs.
3. What considerations should be made when recording this information?
Weights should be recorded when animals are between 80 and 300 days of age.
Weights should be recorded to the nearest kilogram.
Weights should be recorded using appropriate (and accurate) scales. Do not
guess/estimate weight or use measuring tapes to calculate weight. Either weigh the
calves using appropriate scales or don't record weights.
A management group should be entered for any calf or group of calves that have
either been treated differently or exposed to significant non-genetic influences since
the previous weighing. For example, calves given a supplement should be recorded
in a different group to those without a supplement. Consideration should also be
given to variations in pasture quality, stocking rates, water quality, etc. Note that
blank is a unique management group.
12

Recording Scanning Information
BREEDPLAN currently calculates EBVs for carcase traits based on two main sources
of information – live animal ultrasound scanning & abattoir carcase data. Of these two
sources, stud breeders are most likely to collect live animal ultrasound scanning
information. The abattoir carcase data is generally only of value to the BREEDPLAN
analysis if it is collected through structured research or progeny test trials.
1 .Why should Scanning Information be recorded?
During the 1990’s, the beef industry experienced a shift in emphasis from selection
purely on growth and adaptation to concentrate more on the genetics of carcase and
beef quality. Selection for increased carcase yield and carcase value has become an
increasingly important objective for breeders of cattle. Carcase EBVs provide the best
tools currently available to evaluate and select animals that will produce progeny with
improved carcase quality attributes.
2. What is Live Animal Ultrasound Scanning?
Live animal ultrasound scanning is a non-invasive technology that allows the seedstock
or commercial beef producer to assess the carcase merit of an individual animal whilst
still alive as opposed to the collection of carcase data in the chiller. The carcase
attributes most commonly measured by ultrasound scanning include:
Rump Fat Depth
Rump Fat Depth is measured at the P8 rump site. The P8 rump site is located at the
intersection of the line from the high bone (third sacral vertebrae) with a line from the
inside of the pin bone. Rump Fat Depth will be reported to the nearest mm (eg 10 mm).
Rib Fat Depth
Rib Fat Depth is measured at the 12/13 th rib site. The 12/13 th rib site is located on the
longissimus dorsi muscle (eye muscle) between the 12 th & 13 th rib. Rib Fat Depth will
also be reported to the nearest mm (eg 7 mm).
Eye Muscle Area
Eye Muscle Area is measured as the cross sectional area of the longissimus dorsi muscle
between the 12 th & 13 th rib. EMA is reported to the nearest cm 2 (eg.110 cm 2 ). Eye
Muscle Area is also referred to as Rib Eye Area.
Intramuscular Fat (IMF)
The carcase benchmark for intra-muscular fat is the chemical extraction of all fat from a
meat sample taken as a slice off the longissimus dorsi between the 12 th & 13 th ribs.
Ultrasound scanning for IMF uses a longitudinal image of the longissimus dorsi muscle
between the 12 th & 13 th ribs. IMF is reported as a percentage (eg 3.5%)
13

3. Who do I get to scan my animals?
BREEDPLAN can only accept scan information that has been recorded by an
accredited scanner. A list of accredited scanners can be accessed from the “Accredited
Technicians” page within the Technical area of the BREEDPLAN website
(http://breedplan.une.edu.au) or by contacting staff at BREEDPLAN.
4. What animals do I scan?
BREEDPLAN can analyse the scanning performance from animals that are between
300 – 800 days of age when measured. Subsequently, it is important to scan your
animals when they are within this age range. The majority of animals are scanned as
rising 2 year olds (ie. around 600 days of age).
While bulls are most commonly scanned, it is recommended that breeders also scan
their heifers and steers if possible. Heifers provide valuable data for marbling as they
mature earlier than do the males. Scanning steers will provide useful information for
their sires and dams.
It is important to try and scan as many of your animals within each management group
as possible. Submission of scan data for only a selection of your calves (eg. only
submitting the scanning performance of your sale bulls rather than the entire bull drop)
may result in data biases and the subsequent calculation of carcase EBVs that do not
reflect the true genetic merit of your animals.
5. When do I scan my animals?
Condition of stock should be the most important consideration when making a decision
about when to scan your animals. To obtain effective results from scanning, it is
recommended to scan your animals when they are in as good a condition as possible.
This ensures that there will be sufficient variation between animals to allow genetic
differences to show up.
For example, if all animals were in very poor condition it would be expected that they
would all have very similar rib & rump fat depths (ie. 1-2 mm) and negligible marbling.
In this scenario, scanning would be of little benefit as a means of identifying animals
that are genetically different for fat depth & genetically superior for IMF%. Effective
results may still be achieved for EMA as sufficient variation is likely to exist between
animals irrespective of condition.
As a rough guide, if you are particularly interested in fat depth and IMF, animals require
a minimum average rump fat depth of 4–5 mm (or a minimum average rib fat
measurement of 3 mm) for it to be worthwhile scanning. Results for IMF will be further
optimised if the majority of animals have between approximately 2 – 8% IMF when
scanned. The effectiveness of the current scanning machines decreases when measuring
IMF levels outside this range.
It is important to note the above recommendations are only a rough guide. For
example, if animals have been in poor condition and have put on the required 4 - 5 mm
14

of fat in a relatively short period, then there may still not be sufficient variation between
animals to allow genetic differences to show up, particularly for IMF.
Other factors that may also influence the time of scanning (but should not be a major
determinant) include:
The availability of scanners
The cut off date for submission of data for inclusion in GROUP BREEDPLAN
analyses. Although carcase trait EBVs can be recalculated in an Interim analysis, it is
preferable to submit data so it is included in the GROUP analysis. This will enable
the updating of EBVs and accuracy values for the sires and dams.
If you are in any doubt as to when to scan your animals, please discuss your situation
with an accredited scanner or contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
6. How do I submit my scanning information to BREEDPLAN?
Submission of scanning information to BREEDPLAN is the breeder’s responsibility.
The main method of submitting scanning information is by completing the
BREEDPLAN “scanning forms”. These forms are similar to the normal “performance
recording forms” that you will be familiar with and can be requested by contacting staff
at BREEDPLAN. Alternatively, the recording sheet completed by the scanner at the
time of scanning can be submitted to BREEDPLAN, however it must be presented in
an acceptable format. The full Breed Society/Association ident of each animal must be
provided (not just tattoo) and sheets must be submitted in a clear and clean manner. It
is also critical to ensure that management group information is included on the scanning
sheets. Data submitted in the incorrect format will be returned to the breeder for resubmission.
Alternatively, scanning information can be submitted electronically via either:
a BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program
the performance submission facility offered on some Breed Society/Association
websites
the BREEDPLAN compatible Microsoft Excel template
7. Will I obtain carcase EBVs after scanning my animals?
Similar criteria apply to the reporting of carcase EBVs as to the reporting of weight
EBVs. In general, Interim carcase EBVs will be available for an animal following the
submission of scanning information (providing either the animal or both of its parents
were included in the last GROUP analysis). An exception to this would be herds with a
short scanning history where carcase EBVs may not be available until the next GROUP
analysis due to low accuracy of the EBVs. If you are in any doubt as to whether an
animal will receive carcase EBVs, please do not hesitate to contact BREEDPLAN staff.
15

8. Can I submit more than one scan on each animal?
BREEDPLAN is currently analysing only one EMA, one rib fat, one rump fat & one
IMF measurement on each animal. While these measurements are typically measured on
the same day, BREEDPLAN can analyse the scanning performance for an animal when
the individual traits have been recorded at different times.
For more information regarding how to record scanning information, or Carcase EBVs in
general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
16

Recording Scrotal Circumference Measurements
Scrotal Size EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in scrotal
circumference at 400 days of age. Scrotal Size EBVs are expressed in centimetres (cm)
and are calculated from scrotal circumference measurements taken on bulls between 300
and 700 days of age.
1 .Why should scrotal circumference be recorded?
The scrotal circumference of a bull provides an important indication of his genetic merit
for several important fertility traits. Increased scrotal circumference is associated with
earlier age at puberty, increased semen production and improved semen quality.
Increased scrotal circumference also has a favourable relationship with female fertility,
both in terms of earlier age at puberty, earlier return to oestrous and shorter days to
calving.
2. How do I record scrotal circumference information?
Scrotal circumference measurements should be recorded by pulling the testes firmly
down into the lower part of the scrotum and placing a measuring tape around the widest
point (as per diagram). Scrotal circumference measurements can be taken by anyone.
They do not need to be taken by an accredited technician.
Measurements should be recorded in centimetres (to one decimal place).
When measuring scrotal circumference it is important to remember:
While measuring techniques vary slightly, it is important to use a consistent
technique for a whole group of cattle
The tension applied to the measuring tape should be just sufficient to cause a slight
indentation in the skin of the scrotum.
Avoid placing the thumb of the hand holding the neck of the scrotum between the
cords. This will cause separation of the testes and an inaccurate measurement.
A variety of scrotal circumference measuring devices are commercially available
from agricultural supply stores or organisations such as the Australian Cattle
Veterinarians. At the time of writing, the Australian Limousin Breeders Society were
also offering a measuring tape for sale. Metal scrotal measuring tapes are more
reliable than cloth tapes as they are not prone to stretching.
17

3. What considerations should be made when recording scrotal circumference
information for BREEDPLAN?
BREEDPLAN can analyse scrotal circumference information from bulls that are
between 300 – 700 days of age when measured. Subsequently, it is essential that
scrotal circumference information is recorded when bulls are within this age range.
It is recommended that you measure scrotal circumference when the bulls are
reaching puberty, which will vary according to seasonal conditions and the maturity
pattern of your cattle. In the majority of cases, scrotal circumference should be
recorded when bulls are being weighed at 400 days.
While more than one scrotal circumference measurement can be recorded for an
individual animal, BREEDPLAN is only analysing the first measurement for each
bull at this stage. Subsequently, it is only necessary to record one scrotal
circumference measurement on each bull.
4. How do I submit scrotal circumference information?
Scrotal circumference information should be submitted directly to the BREEDPLAN
office at ABRI.
The main method of submitting scrotal circumference information is in association with
weight performance on BREEDPLAN “performance recording forms”. Performance
recording forms will be sent to you automatically or can be requested by contacting staff
at BREEDPLAN.
Alternatively, scrotal circumference information can be submitted electronically via
either:
a BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program
the performance submission facility offered on some Breed Society/Association
websites
the BREEDPLAN compatible Microsoft Excel template
For more information regarding how to record scrotal circumference information, or
Scrotal Size EBVs in general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
18

Recording Days to Calving Information
Days to Calving EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in the time
from the start of the joining period (ie. when the female is introduced to a bull) until
subsequent calving. Days to Calving EBVs are expressed in days and are presently
calculated from the natural joining details of both heifers and mature cows.
Why Should Days to Calving Information be Recorded?
Reproductive performance is a key determinant of profitability in a beef cattle enterprise.
Consequently, selection for improved reproductive performance should be an important
consideration for all beef cattle producers.
One major component influencing a beef enterprise’s reproductive performance is the
fertility of the female herd. The job of a female in a beef producing herd is to conceive,
preferably as early in the joining period as possible, carry a foetus during gestation, deliver
a live calf and raise it until weaning, within every 12 month period of her breeding life. A
female that does not do this is failing to do her job and eroding herd profitability.
While many producers manage the reproductive performance of their female herd using
different management strategies, in particular the culling of females that fail to get in calf,
research has shown that female fertility is influenced by the genetics of the breeding herd.
Consequently, Days to Calving EBVs provide a useful tool that breeders can use to
improve the genetics of their females for fertility, in association with their routine
management and culling strategies.
What Information Needs to be Recorded for the Days to Calving EBV?
Breeders interested in the Days to Calving EBV need to record all ‘events’ associated
with the natural joining of their females from the start of the mating period in each
breeding season through to when the subsequent calves are born. This includes those
females that have only been joined naturally within a breeding season - not those that
have been included in artificial insemination/embryo transfer programs or artificially
induced to cycle prior to joining with the bull outside of such programs.
Broadly, the information to be collected should include:
1. Joining details of all females naturally mated within the herd.
2. Details of all females removed from the herd, particularly those present at joining
that were no longer within the herd by the time of the subsequent calving.
3. Details of all calves (dead or alive) that are born as a result of these joinings.
While not currently included in the Days to Calving analysis, research is now underway to
determine whether details from artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET)
programs could be utilised by BREEDPLAN. Breeders interested in submitting details of
their AI & ET programs to assist this research should refer to the “Collecting Better
Female Fertility Data” tip sheet.
Recording Joining Details for Days to Calving EBVs
Record each natural joining event to which a female (cow or heifer) is exposed within
the breeding season whether this was the successful joining or not. For situations
19

where females are joined to several bulls in a mating season, record all joinings for the
female, not just the first or successful joining.
• For each natural joining event within the breeding season, record the bull the
female was joined to, the date she was joined (‘bull in’ date) and the date the bull
was removed (‘bull out’ date). Knowing the end of the joining period is important
in analysing the Days to Calving trait.
• The joining event code to be used when recording natural joining events is ‘N’
(Natural/Paddock mating).
Record management group information to identify any cow/s within a joining group
whose fertility may have been affected either prior to or during the joining program
due to non-genetic factors. e.g. significantly different nutrition, sickness, injury. A
maximum of three characters (letters and/or numbers) can be used to describe each
management group.
Recording Female Disposal Information
Record the date and reason for any female removed from the herd, particularly those
present at the start of joining that are no longer within the herd by the time of the
subsequent calving. The fate/disposal code information is critical to the Days to
Calving analysis and is used to determine whether females that have a joining record
but no subsequent calf should be penalised for being “culled for infertility” or not
penalised because they were culled for other reasons e.g. structure, performance etc.
In the future, this information may also be used as part of the calculation of a Female
Longevity EBV.
The codes to be used to record a female fate/disposal event are as follows:
Culled or sold
A Cast for age
B Sold surplus breeding female - but not code J or F
C Calving incident
D Disease (e.g. pesti, eye cancer, etc)
E Eyes (pigment, hooding, etc)
F Not in calf (i.e. failed preg test or did not calve)
G Genetic condition (e.g. genetic carrier)
H Horns
J Cull unjoined heifer surplus to requirements
K Coat Type
P Poor performance (e.g. poor milking, low body condition, etc
Q Appearance (type, colour, markings, Society standards, etc)
R Reproduction abnormality (eg freemartin, mal-formed uterus, pelvic area)
S Structural problem (e.g. feet, legs, navel, etc)
T Poor temperament
U Udder or teat problems
V Poor EBVs
W Calved but failed to rear calf to weaning
X Susceptible to parasites (ticks, buffalo fly, worms, etc
20

Died or missing
C Calving incident (e.g. dystocia, prolapsed)
D Disease (e.g. pesti, bloat, 3 day, etc)
M Missing assumed dead
X Parasites (ticks, buffalo fly, worms, etc)
Y Unknown cause
Z Accident (e.g. injury, drowned, poisoned, etc)
Note: These codes are specific to BREEDPLAN for the purpose of Days to Calving
and are separate to the disposal information submitted routinely to your Breed
Society. Disposal information submitted to your Breed Society will not be used in the
calculation of the Days to Calving EBV, and likewise the disposal codes submitted to
BREEDPLAN will not be utilised by your Breed Society.
Recording Calf Details
All calves that are born as a result of these joinings need to be recorded with the
Breed Society. Not recording all calves (including dead calves) with your Breed
Society will reduce the accuracy of Days to Calving EBVs.
Recording Pregnancy Test Results
Optionally, where pregnancy test results are available, record the date and result of
the test for each female joined. This information is not currently included in the Days
to Calving analysis, however it may be utilised in the future to either enhance the
calculation of Days to Calving EBVs, or for the calculation of other female fertility
EBVs.
• Pregnancy test results should be reported as: N = Not pregnant, P = Pregnant, or
between 3-20 = Number of weeks pregnant as advised by a qualified technician.
Where the foetus is over 20 weeks old, a ‘P’ should be used.
Important Considerations when Recording Information for Days to Calving
Joining details for all cows in the recorded herd need to be collected in order to
accurately reflect the cow fertility in the herd. Simply recording those cows that have
a calf or those cows that remain on inventory in the next year is not adequate.
Ensure that you record details for all heifers joined – not just the ones that calve or
are added to inventory. Information on heifers is very important as many herds cull
heifers that do not conceive in the first year of joining. The heifers that do not calve
supply as much information to the analysis as those that do calve.
Record the details of all joining events in which the female was involved even if you
know the joining was unsuccessful. For situations where females are joined to several
bulls in a mating season, record all joinings for each cow and heifer within the joining
period, not just the first or successful joining.
Accurately recording the fate/disposal codes of all females that leave the herd is
extremely important. In the Days to Calving analysis, this fate/disposal code
information is used to determine whether a female should be penalised for being
21

“culled for infertility” or not penalised because she was culled for other reasons (eg.
structure, performance etc.)
Joining details for females that have been joined to multiple sire groups (rather than a
single sire) should also be recorded. In this scenario, the sire ident that is specified
should be the multiple sire ident, rather than the ident of the individual sire that
resulted in the calf. Similarly, joining details for females mated to sires not recorded
with the Breed Society (e.g. sires of another breed) should also be submitted.
Herds with either a very wide calving spread (eg. cows joined all year around) or
several calvings each year (eg. an autumn, winter and spring calving) may have
difficulty collecting joining information that is useful for the calculation of Days to
Calving EBVs. Herds in such situations should contact staff at BREEDPLAN for
further advice.
Submitting Days to Calving Information
Similarly to other performance information, the joining details and fate/disposal
information for your females should be submitted directly to BREEDPLAN. Note that
the joinings or fate/disposal information that is submitted to your Breed Society as part
of your calf registrations or cow inventory is not included in the Days to Calving analysis.
There are two different methods available to submit the joining details and fate/disposal
information to BREEDPLAN:
Herds that use BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording software packages (eg.
HerdMASTER, Stockbook, CattleLink) should be able to extract the joining details
from their computer program and submit the details to BREEDPLAN electronically.
Herds that require assistance either entering the joining details of their herd into their
software program or extracting the joinings and fate/disposal information for
BREEDPLAN, should contact their software supplier.
A Microsoft Excel template is available for herds not using a BREEDPLAN
compatible herd recording software package. The template can be accessed from the
Technical area on the BREEDPLAN website or by contacting staff at
BREEDPLAN.
Note: there is no longer a paper form available for the submission of joinings
information to BREEDPLAN. Herds that are unable to submit information
electronically are advised to contact staff at BREEDPLAN to discuss alternative methods
of submission.
For more information regarding Days to Calving EBVs or the submission of joinings
information, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
22

Recording Docility Scores
Docility EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in temperament.
Docility EBVs are calculated from docility scores recorded on animals when the animals
are between 60 and 400 days of age.
1 .Why should Docility Scores be recorded?
Docility in cattle is the way cattle behave when being handled by humans or put in an
unusual environment such as being separated from the mob in a small yard. What we
define as poor docility is a survival trait in the wild – fear of anything unusual and the
desire to escape. In domesticated cattle it is exhibited as flightiness. Importantly, docility
is a highly heritable trait and can be improved genetically.
2. How do I record Docility Scores?
Docility EBVs are calculated from docility scores recorded on animals when the animals
are between 60 and 400 days of age.
The recommended time of scoring is at weaning or shortly afterwards. The advantage
of scoring at weaning is that all calves should have had similar treatment so variation in
handling prior to scoring should be minimised.
Animals can be scored for temperament using either a yard or crush test.
Yard Test
The calves are individually put into a small square yard and the handler should attempt
to hold the animal in one corner for about 30 seconds.
Crush Test
The calves are put up a race and individually held in the crush for about 30 seconds.
When using either the crush or yard test, the behaviour of animals should be observed
and animals scored using the following criteria.
Score Code Description
1
2
Docile
Restless
23
Mild disposition, gentle and easily handled,
stands and moves slowly during handling,
undisturbed, settled, somewhat dull, does not
pull on headgate when in crush, exits crush
calmly.
Quiet but slightly restless, may be stubborn
during handling, may try to back out of crush,
pulls back on headgate, some flicking of tail,
exits crush promptly.

Score Code Description
3 Nervous Manageable but nervous and impatient, a
moderate amount of struggling, movement and
tail flicking, repeated pushing and pulling on
headgate, exits crush briskly.
4 Flighty Jumpy and out of control, quivers and struggles
violently, may bellow and froth at mouth,
continuous tail flicking, defecates and urinates
during handling, frantically runs fenceline and
may jump when penned individually, exhibits
long flight distance and exits crush wildly.
5 Aggressive May be similar to score 4 but with added
aggressive behaviour, fearful, extreme agitation,
continuous movement which may include
jumping and bellowing while in crush, exits
crush frantically and may exhibit attack
behaviour when handled alone.
3. What considerations should be made when recording Docility Scores?
There needs to be some variation in the scores for them to be used effectively by
the BREEDPLAN analysis. That is, scoring all animals in a group with a docility
score of [1] will not identify any genetic differences in docility.
BREEDPLAN can accept half scores if animals exhibit behaviour which is
intermediate to the above scores.
Animals should be assigned a different “temperament management group” if they
have had a different level of handling prior to scoring.
The method of scoring used (ie. crush or yard) should be specified when submitting
the docility scores.
When recording docility scores, it is important that both a consistent scoring
method is used and the same person scores all animals that are being assessed in the
herd on that particular day.
4. How do I submit Docility Scores?
Docility scores should be submitted directly to the BREEDPLAN office at ABRI.
For more information regarding how to record docility scores, or Docility EBVs in general,
please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
24

Recording Flight Time
Trial Flight Time EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in
temperament and are calculated from flight time measurements that have been recorded
on animals using specialised flight time equipment
1 .Why should Flight Time be recorded?
Flight time is a simple, cost effective and easy to record objective measurement of
temperament. Research has shown that in addition to the obvious benefits for ease of
handling and management, animals with longer flight time (ie. superior temperament)
also have superior meat tenderness.
Importantly, flight time is a moderately heritable trait and can be improved by selection.
2. How do I record Flight Time?
Flight time measurements are recorded on animals using specialised flight time
equipment. Animals are held individually in the crush for a short period and then the
head bail opened. Two light beams are then used to objectively measure the time taken
for the animal to travel approximately 2.0 metres at the exit of the crush (see picture
below).
Two light beams
measure animal’s
flight time
3. How do I access the Flight Time Equipment?
Exit to
crush
There are a number of flight time machines located around Australia that producers can
access to record flight time measurements for their animals. The easiest way to access a
flight time machine is to contact staff at BREEDPLAN. BREEDPLAN will then
coordinate the availability of a flight time machine for you. To ensure that a machine is
available when required, it is recommended that you contact BREEDPLAN
approximately 4-6 weeks prior to when you wish to record the measurements.
25

4. What considerations should be made when recording Flight Time?
Flight time measurements should be recorded at a young age prior to the animals
receiving significant handling. The recommended time to record flight time is at or
around weaning, although measurements taken on yearlings have also been shown
to be sufficient for genetic evaluation.
Flight time measurements must be recorded using specialised flight time equipment.
Detailed instructions on setting up and using the flight time machine will be
provided with the machine.
When submitting flight time measurements to BREEDPLAN, animals should be
assigned a different “management group” if they have either had a different level of
handling prior to recording the flight time measurements and/or experienced
different management prior to recording measurements that may affect their flight
time.
When recording flight time, it is important that both a consistent method is used
and the same people handle all animals that are being measured in the herd on that
particular day. This is particularly important when measuring flight time on large
numbers of animals.
While not compulsory, it is recommended that animals are run through the crush
once prior to recording the flight time measurements so that they are familiar with
the exit route and consequently do not baulk.
It is not possible to record useful flight time measurements if animals are required to
turn sharply when exiting the crush. In other words, the exit from the crush needs
to be either straight ahead or at a slight angle. The crush exit should also be leading
into an open yard rather than a confined area.
5. How do I submit Flight Time measurements?
Flight Time measurements should be submitted directly to the BREEDPLAN office at
ABRI.
Flight Time measurements are usually submitted electronically via either :
a BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program such as
Herdmaster or Stockbook
a BREEDPLAN compatible Microsoft Excel template
If you are unable to submit the flight time information using these methods, please
contact staff at BREEDPLAN to discuss the alternatives available.
For more information regarding how to record flight time measurements, or Flight Time
EBVs in general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
26

Recording Management Groups for BREEDPLAN
The recording of management group information is one of the most important aspects
of BREEDPLAN. This document provides information regarding management groups
and when they should be submitted to BREEDPLAN.
Introduction
BREEDPLAN analyses cattle in contemporary groups to take out the influence of as
many of the non-genetic effects as possible (eg. feeding, years, seasons). The underlying
principle is that only animals that have had an equal opportunity to perform are directly
compared together within each contemporary group.
If the contemporary groups are not correctly formed, the EBVs calculated will be less
accurate and possibly misleading. Most of the problems that breeders encounter in
“believing” their BREEDPLAN EBVs can be traced back to incorrect contemporary
grouping – either calves being fragmented into isolated groups of only one or two
animals (and thereby virtually eliminating those calves from any comparison with their
peers) or by not differentiating between calves that have had different levels of
management or feeding.
Importantly, the breeder has a major influence on deciding which animals will be
directly compared within each contemporary group. This influence is through both their
on farm management and the submission of management group information to
BREEDPLAN. In this manner, it is vital that breeders understand the factors that
influence the formation of contemporary groups to ensure they maximise the
effectiveness of their BREEDPLAN recording.
Breeder Defined Management Groups
There are two different forms of breeder defined management group.
a) the “Birth Management Group” allows breeders to describe different treatments of
the cows prior to the birth of the calf. For example, where one group of cows have had
different feed availability that may affect the birth weight and/or calving ease and/or
gestation length when the calf is born.
b) the “Post Birth Management Group” allows breeders to identify animals that have
received different treatment or management following birth that has influenced their
performance. This treatment may be deliberate (eg when some of your young bulls
receive supplementary feeding and others do not) or accidental (eg if a calf is sick).
Providing BREEDPLAN with management group information is the responsibility of
the breeder. By assigning animals into management groups, breeders are acting as “eyes”
for the BREEDPLAN evaluation.
27

Management Groups in Practical Terms
Animals should be assigned into different management groups in any situation when
either individually or as a group, they have not had equal opportunity to perform. By
assigning animals into management groups, only like treated animals will be grouped
together and therefore directly compared in the BREEDPLAN analysis.
Some examples of where animals should be recorded in separate management groups
are:
- sickness gives some calves a permanent set back;
- some animals are fed for show or sale;
- grain fed animals versus paddock reared animals;
- some animals being given growth promotants;
- animals reared in different paddocks in which feed is of different
nutritional value;
- a bull has been fighting and clearly lost weight prior to recording;
- yearling bulls used as sires compared to those not used as sires;
- different stages of pregnancy for heifers (try to weigh before joining and
certainly before two months);
- spayed heifers as compared to non-spayed heifers;
- calves weighed on different scales;
- calves weighed straight from the paddock as compared to those off feed
for say three hours or more.
Importantly, if you are in any doubt as to the correct management grouping of your
animals, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
For further information regarding management groups, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
28

Methods of submitting Performance
to BREEDPLAN
The following document outlines the different methods by which breeders can submit
the performance information of their animals to BREEDPLAN.
1. Paper performance recording forms
The most traditional method used by breeders to submit the performance information
of their animals is by completing the standard BREEDPLAN paper performance
recording forms.
Using this method, breeders will automatically be forwarded pre-printed paper
performance recording forms shortly after they have recorded/registered their calves
with their relevant Breed Society/Association. Each form will list all calves within the
herd for a particular calving year, season & sex. Breeders will then enter the
performance information of their animals into the relevant columns by hand and mail
the completed form to the BREEDPLAN office at ABRI. The completed form will be
processed and a new form forwarded to the breeder for use when recording the next set
of performance for their animals.
A different paper performance recording form is available for recording post birth
weights, mature cow weights, scanning information & abattoir carcase data. The
appropriate form should be used for the type of performance information being
collected.
2. BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer program
Many of the modern herd recording computer programs have the facility to submit
performance electronically to BREEDPLAN. Using this method, breeders simply enter
the performance information of their animals into their herd recording program. They
can then use the facilities available within the herd recording computer program to
export the performance and submit it to BREEDPLAN via either email or disk.
Examples of BREEDPLAN compatible herd recording computer programs that are
currently available include Herdmaster / Herd Magic (Saltbush Software), Cattle Plus /
StockBook (Practical Systems), and Herdlink / Cattlelink (Herdlink Software).
Please contact your software supplier if you are in any doubt about whether your herd
recording computer program is BREEDPLAN compatible and/or if you require any
assistance submitting your performance to BREEDPLAN using this method.
29

3. BREEDPLAN compatible standard Microsoft Excel format
A standard Microsoft Excel format has been developed which enables breeders to
submit performance electronically to BREEDPLAN. Using this method, breeders
simply enter the performance information of their animals into a standard Microsoft
Excel spreadsheet and submit it to BREEDPLAN via either email or disk.
The standard Microsoft Excel format (+ detailed information regarding how to submit
data using this method) can be obtained by contacting staff at BREEDPLAN. Please
note, BREEDPLAN will not accept the submission of performance via Microsoft Excel
if it is not in the correct format.
4. Internet Solutions facility on Breed Society/Association website **
Many of you will be familiar with the “Internet Solutions” services offered by several of
the Breed Society/Association’s websites. These services include the ability to submit
your calf registrations electronically, search the Society/Association database with
member, animal & EBV enquires, and download upcoming sale catalogues, just to name
a few. This service also enables the electronic submission of performance to
BREEDPLAN.
Using this method, an electronic worksheet will automatically be created shortly after a
breeder has recorded/registered their calves with their relevant Breed
Society/Association. Each worksheet will contain preloaded information for all calves
within the herd for the particular calving year, season & sex. This worksheet will be
downloaded into the relevant breeder’s membership area on their Society/Association’s
internet system and a notification email forwarded to them. Breeders can then access
the prebuilt worksheet, complete the performance information for their calves and
submit the worksheet to BREEDPLAN. When the breeder submits the completed
worksheet, an email will automatically be sent to their BREEDPLAN processor
notifying them that performance has been sent from that herd and is ready for
processing.
** Please note, option 4 is not available for members of all Breed Societies/Associations.
For more information regarding the different methods available to submit the
performance information of your animals, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
30

A Basic Guide to
BREEDPLAN
EBVs
INTERNATIONAL BEEF RECORDING SCHEME
BREEDPLAN

BREEDPLAN – A General Introduction ………. 1
Comparing EBVs between Different Breeds ...…... 2
Interpreting BREEDPLAN EBVs ………….…… 3
BREEDPLAN EBVs – The Traits Explained .…... 7
Selection Indexes – A General Introduction ……... 17
Selecting Animals with Selection Indexes ………… 19
Bull Selection Exercises ………………….. …….... 22
Who do I Contact for Assistance? ……………….. 25
May 2012

Breedplan - A General Introduction
What is BREEDPLAN?
BREEDPLAN is a modern genetic evaluation system for beef cattle. It offers the
potential to accelerate genetic progress, tighten up breeding operations, improve
productivity and increase prices for cattle sold for breeding and slaughter.
BREEDPLAN has been implemented as the national beef recording scheme in
Australia, New Zealand, Namibia, Thailand and the Philippines, and its use is also
increasing in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Hungary, South America and
South Africa.
BREEDPLAN uses the world’s most advanced genetic evaluation system (based on
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) technology) to produce Estimated Breeding
Values (EBVs) of recorded cattle for a range of important production traits (eg. weight,
carcase, fertility).
What is an EBV?
An animal’s breeding value can be defined as its genetic merit for each trait. While it is
not possible to determine an animal’s true breeding value, it is possible to estimate it.
These estimates of an animal’s true breeding value are called EBVs (Estimated Breeding
Values).
EBVs are expressed as the difference between an individual animal’s genetics and the
genetic base to which the animal is compared. EBVs are reported in the units in which
the measurements are taken (eg. kilograms for the weight EBVs). Thus a value of +12
kg for 400 day weight means the animal is genetically superior by 12 kg at 400 days
compared with the genetic base of the relevant cattle population. On average, half of
this difference will be passed on to the animal’s progeny.
What EBVs are available?
BREEDPLAN produces EBVs for a range of economically important traits. These
traits currently include:
Weight Fertility/Calving Carcase Other
Birth Weight Scrotal Size Eye Muscle Area Docility
Milk Days to Calving Fat Depth Net Feed Intake*
200 Day Growth Gestation Length Retail Beef Yield Structural Soundness*
400 Day Weight Calving Ease Intramuscular Fat Flight Time*
600 Day Weight Carcase Weight
Mature Cow Weight Shear Force*
* Trial EBV
It should be noted that EBVs will only be available if sufficient data has been recorded
for that trait and as such, the full range of EBVs may not be available for each particular
Breed Society/Association.
1

Comparing EBVs Between Different Breeds
One of the common questions asked within the beef industry regards the comparison of
EBVs for animals of different breeds. Generally speaking, each breed is currently
running a separate BREEDPLAN evaluation and subsequently, only EBVs for animals
within a particular breed can be directly compared.
EBVs are expressed as the difference between an individual animal’s genetics and the
genetic base to which the animal is compared. The “genetic base” can roughly be
described as the historical genetic level of that particular breed. For most breeds, their
genetic base will have been set in the mid 1990’s. Importantly, the genetic base for each
breed will be different, so only EBVs for animals within a particular evaluation can be
directly compared.
Putting this in practical terms, a 600 day weight EBV of +41 on a Hereford bull is not
equivalent to a 600 day weight EBV of +41 on an Angus bull or a 600 day weight EBV
of +41 on a Limousin bull.
“Only EBVs for animals within a particular BREEDPLAN analysis
can be directly compared”
For more information regarding the comparison of EBVs for animals of different
breeds, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
2

Interpreting BREEDPLAN EBVs
You are presented with a detailed set of BREEDPLAN EBVs for a particular animal.
How do you assess whether the EBVs are good or not?? This pamphlet provides a
simple set of instructions regarding how to interpret this information.
For the purposes of demonstration, please consider the following set of EBVs for an
individual animal.
Gest.
Length
(Days)
Birth
Weight
(kg)
Milk
(kg)
200D
Growth
(kg)
400D
Growth
(kg)
600D
Growth
(kg)
Mature
Weight
(kg)
EBV +0.1 +3.4 +3 +17 +33 +41 +48
ACC 59% 65% 58% 73% 72% 72% 63%
1. What does the EBV mean?
EBVs are expressed as the difference between an individual animal’s genetics and the
genetic base to which the animal is compared. The “genetic base” can roughly be
described as the historical genetic level of that particular breed. For most breeds, their
genetic base will have been set in the mid 1990’s. Importantly, the genetic base for
each breed will be different, so only EBVs for animals within a particular
analysis can be directly compared.
Therefore, in the above example, a 600 day weight EBV of +41 kg means the animal is
41 kg genetically heavier at 600 days compared with the genetic base of the relevant
cattle population. On average, half of this difference will be passed on to the animal’s
progeny.
2. Compare with the current breed average
As most breeds have experienced significant changes in their genetic merit for most
traits since the mid 1990’s (ie. their genetic base), the first step when interpreting an
EBV should be to compare it to the current breed average EBVs for the breed. This will
give you an indication of how the animal compares with the current genetic level for the
breed for each trait.
A set of breed average EBVs should be enclosed in all BREEDPLAN reports, sale
catalogues etc. and will look similar to the table below.
Breed average EBVs for 2007 drop calves in the 2009 GROUP BREEDPLAN analysis
Gest Birth Milk 200-Day 400-Day 600-Day Mature
Length Weight Growth Weight Weight Weight
EBV EBV EBV EBV EBV EBV EBV
0.0 +2.2 +3 +13 +20 +30 +31
3

If we consider the animal in the above example, comparison of its 600 day weight EBV
of +41 with the breed average 600 day weight EBV of +30 indicates that the animal is
genetically superior than the current genetic level of the breed for growth to 600 days.
Taking this further, it can be calculated that the animal is actually 11 kg (ie. 41 -30)
genetically heavier at 600 days compared with the current genetic level of the breed.
3. Compare with the Percentile Bands Table
Comparison with the breed average EBVs allows you to establish whether an animal is
above or below the current genetic level of the breed. This can be taken further by
comparing the animal’s EBVs to the Percentile Bands Table to assess exactly where the
animal ranks within the breed for each trait.
As with the breed average EBVs, a Percentile Bands Table should be enclosed in all
BREEDPLAN reports, sale catalogues etc. and will look similar to the table below.
If we consider the animal in the above example with the 600 day weight EBV of +41,
comparison with the Percentile Bands Table indicates that the animal is in fact ranked in
the top 20% of the breed for growth to 600 days (see circled information).
4. Compare EBVs to estimate the difference in output from two sires
In the above example, we have determined the animal is ranked in the top 20% of the
breed for 600 day weight. But what does that mean in real terms? EBVs can also be
used to predict the difference in output that will be observed if 2 different sires are used
in a herd.
4

To demonstrate this, let’s compare the animal to another bull. The first bull has a 600
day weight EBV of +41, while the second bull has a 600 day weight EBV of +21.
Comparing these animals shows a difference in 600 day weight EBV of 20 kg. As on
average half of this difference will be passed on to the progeny of each sire, it can be
estimated that calves from the first bull would be on average, 10 kg heavier than those
from the second bull at 600 days. Extending this to a single year’s drop of 50 calves, this
difference equates to a potential production difference of 500 kg in live weight by the
time the calves reach 600 days of age.
It is important to note that in the above example we are assuming both bulls are used
over dams of similar genetic value/breed and their progeny are run under similar
conditions.
5. EBV accuracy
When evaluating any EBV, it is also important to consider the EBV “accuracy”. By
definition, an EBV is an estimate of an animal’s true breeding value. To provide
breeders with a measure of the reliability of the estimate, BREEDPLAN produces an
“accuracy” figure with each EBV. The “accuracy” provides a measure of the stability of
the EBV and gives an indication of the amount of information that has been used in the
calculation of that EBV. The higher the accuracy the lower the likelihood of change in
the animal’s EBV as more information is analysed for that animal, its progeny or its
relatives.
The following guide may be useful for interpreting accuracy:
less than 50% accuracy - the EBVs are preliminary. EBVs in this range will have been
calculated based on very little information. These EBVs could change substantially as
more direct performance information becomes available on the animal.
50-74% accuracy - the EBVs are of medium accuracy. EBVs in this range will usually
have been calculated based on the animal’s own performance and some limited pedigree
information.
75-90% accuracy - the EBVs are of medium-high accuracy. EBVs in this range will
usually have been calculated based on the animal’s own performance coupled with the
performance for a small number of the animal’s progeny. .
more than 90% accuracy - the EBVs are a high accuracy estimate of the animal’s true
breeding value. It is unlikely that EBVs will change considerably with addition of more
progeny data
Although the accuracy of an EBV should be considered, animals should be compared
on EBVs regardless of accuracy. Where two animals have the same EBV however, the
animal with the higher accuracy would normally be used more heavily than the bull with
the lower accuracy because the results can be predicted with more confidence.
5

6. Visual appraisal
Although EBVs provide an estimate of an animal’s genetic merit for a wide range of
traits, they do not provide information for all the traits that must be considered during
the selection of functional cattle. In all situations, EBVs should be used in conjunction
with visual assessment for other traits of importance (eg. structural soundness,
temperament).
For more information regarding the interpretation of EBVs, please contact staff at
BREEDPLAN.
6

BREEDPLAN EBVs
“The Traits Explained”
BREEDPLAN currently reports EBVs for a range of economically important traits. These
traits include:
Weight Fertility/Calving Carcase Other
Birth Weight Scrotal Size Eye Muscle Area Docility
Milk Days to Calving Fat Depth Net Feed Intake*
200 Day Growth Gestation Length Retail Beef Yield Structural Soundness*
400 Day Weight Calving Ease Intramuscular Fat Flight Time*
600 Day Weight Carcase Weight
Mature Cow Weight Shear Force*
** Trial EBV
The above traits cover several areas of vital importance to both bull breeders and
commercial producers. This allows a balanced approach to designing efficient breeding
programs for various environments and to target specific markets.
It should be noted that EBVs will only be available if sufficient data has been recorded for
that trait and as such, the full range of EBVs may not be available for each particular Breed
Society/Association.
The following document explains each EBV is more detail.
Calving Ease
EBVs are provided for calving ease, an important characteristic for cattle. Calving difficulty
has an obvious negative impact on the profitability of a herd through increased calf and
heifer mortality, slower re-breeding performance and considerable additional labour and
veterinary expense. EBVs for traits related to calving ease are calculated from three main
sources of information - calving difficulty score, birth weight and gestation length data.
BREEDPLAN produces two calving ease EBVs – Calving Ease Direct & Calving Ease
Daughters.
(i) Calving Ease Direct
Calving Ease (DIR) EBVs are estimates of genetic differences in the ability of a sire’s calves
to be born unassisted from 2 year old heifers. The EBVs are reported as differences in the
percentage of unassisted calvings.
Higher, more positive, Calving Ease (DIR) EBVs are more favourable. For example, a bull
with an EBV of +5.0% would be expected, on average, to produce 3% fewer difficult
calvings from 2 year old heifers than a bull with an EBV of –1.0% (6% difference between
the sires, then halved as they only contribute half the genetics).
7

(ii) Calving Ease Daughters
Calving Ease (DTRS) EBVs are estimates of genetic differences in the ability of a sire’s
daughters to calve at 2 years of age without assistance. The EBVs are also reported as
differences in the percentage of unassisted calvings.
Higher, more positive, Calving Ease (DTRS) EBVs are more favourable. For example, a
bull with an EBV of +4.0% would be expected to on average produce daughters that have
3% less calving problems when calving at 2 years of age
than the daughters of a bull with an EBV of –2.0%.
Gestation Length
Gestation Length EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in the
number of days from the date of conception to the calf birth date. Gestation Length EBVs
are expressed in days and are calculated from the joining date and birth date records for
calves conceived by either AI or Hand Mating.
Shorter gestation length is generally associated with lighter birth weight, improved calving
ease and improved re-breeding performance among dams. In addition, calves born with a
shorter gestation length are often heavier at weaning due to more days of growth.
Consequently, lower or more negative Gestation Length EBVs are considered to be more
favourable. For example, a bull with a Gestation Length EBV of –2 days would be
expected to produce calves that are born earlier, and more easily, than a bull with a
Gestation Length EBV of +2 days.
Birth Weight
Birth Weight EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in calf birth
weight. Calf birth weight is the biggest genetic contributing factor causing calving difficulty
in heifers.
Birth Weight EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kgs) and are calculated based on weights of
calves taken at birth. Small, or moderate, Birth Weight EBVs are more favourable. For
example, a bull with a Birth Weight EBV of +2 kg would be expected to produce lighter
calves at birth than a bull with a Birth Weight EBV of +6 kg, with a lower risk of a difficult
birth.
Please note, whilst low Birth Weight EBVs are favoured for calving ease they are also
generally associated with lower overall growth potential. Consequently, birth weight and
growth need to be carefully balanced. Fortunately, animals can be found that have both
moderate Birth Weight EBVs and above average EBVs for later growth.
8

200 Day Milk
200 Day Milk EBVs are estimates an animal's maternal effect on the 200 day weight of its
calf. In the case of sires, this estimates the maternal effect that his daughters will have on
the 200 day weight of their progeny. The 200 Day Milk EBV is expressed as kilograms (kg)
of calf live weight at 200 days (ie. the expected difference in the weight of the calf at 200
days due to the maternal effect (milk) of the cow). The 200 Day Milk EBV is calculated by
partitioning the difference in the 200 day weight of calves into growth and milk
components.
The optimum level of milk production potential among beef cows is dependent upon the
production system and environment in which the cows are run. Selection for increased
milk production may be warranted when cows are run under good nutritional conditions
and calves are sold as weaners. However, some environments may not support high
milking cows.
Larger, more positive, 200 Day Milk EBVs are generally more favourable, depending on
the environment. For example, a bull with a 200 Day Milk EBV of +15 kg would be
expected to sire daughters with higher milk production than a bull with 200 Day Milk EBV
of +5 kg. This higher milk production potential should be reflected through higher
weaning weights among the daughter's calves.
Growth
In general, with all other things being equal, higher growth rates will lead to higher
profitability. In most economic analyses conducted positive emphasis on growth is
warranted. BREEDPLAN calculates three growth EBVs – 200 Day Growth, 400 Day
Weight & 600 Day Weight.
These EBVs are the best prediction of the animal's ability to grow to weaning (200 day),
yearling (400 day) and later ages (600 day). 200 Day Growth EBVs are therefore important
to vealer breeders, 400 Day Weight EBVs for yearling breeders and 600 Day Weight EBVs
for breeders of heavy steers. These EBVs are closely linked genetically but there is some
scope to select for them individually.
(i) 200 Day Growth
200 Day Growth EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in live
weight at 200 days of age due to their genetics for growth. 200 Day Growth EBVs are
expressed in kilograms (kg) and are calculated from the weights of calves taken between 80
and 300 days of age.
This EBV is a measure of an animal's early growth to weaning. It is an important trait for
breeders turning off animals as vealers or weaners. Larger, more positive, 200 Day Growth
EBVs are generally more favourable. For example, a bull with a 200 Day Growth EBV of
+30 kg would be expected to produce heavier calves at 200 days of age (or weaning)
compared to a bull with a 200 Day Growth EBV of +10 kg.
9

(ii) 400 Day Weight
400 Day Weight EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in live
weight at 400 days of age. 400 Day Weight EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kg) and are
calculated from the weights of calves taken between 301 and 500 days of age.
This EBV is an important trait for breeders turning off animals as yearlings. Larger, more
positive, 400 Day Weight EBVs are generally more favourable. For example, a bull with a
400 Day Wt EBV of +50 kg would be expected to produce heavier calves at 400 days of
age (12-14 months) compared to a bull with a 400 Day Wt EBV of +30 kg.
(iii) 600 Day Weight
600 Day Weight EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in live
weight at 600 days of age. 600 Day Weight EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kg) and are
calculated from the weights of calves taken between 501 and 900 days of age.
This EBV is an important trait for breeders targeting the production of animals suited for
heavy weight grass or grain fed markets. Larger, more positive, 600 Day Weight EBVs are
generally more favourable. For example, a bull with a 600 Day Wt EBV of +70 kg would
be expected to produce heavier calves at 600 days of age (18-20 months) compared to a
bull with a 600 Day Wt EBV of +40 kg.
Mature Cow Weight
Mature Cow Weight EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between cows in live
weight at 5 years of age. Mature Cow Weight EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kg) and are
calculated from weights taken on the cow when her calf’s 200 day (weaning) weight is
being measured.
Mature Cow Weight EBVs are an indicator of:
• Cow Feed Requirements – in general, lighter cows will tend to eat less and consequently
have lower feed requirements and be less expensive to maintain.
• Cull Cow Values – the major determinant in the value of cull cows in a commercial herd
will be live weight. Consequently, heavier cows may provide higher returns from the sale of
cull cows.
A cow with a Mature Cow Weight EBV of +80 kg would be expected to have a higher
mature weight than a cow with a Mature Cow Weight EBV of +60 kg.
10

Scrotal Size
Scrotal Size EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in scrotal
circumference at 400 days of age. Scrotal Size EBVs are expressed in centimetres (cm) and
are calculated from scrotal circumference measurements taken on bulls between 300 and
700 days of age.
Increased scrotal circumference is associated with increased semen production in bulls, and
earlier age at puberty of bull and heifer progeny. Increased scrotal circumference also has a
favourable relationship with days to calving, such that bulls with larger scrotal
circumference tend to have daughters with shorter days to calving.
Larger, more positive, Scrotal Size EBVs are generally more favourable. For example, a bull
with a Scrotal Size EBV of +4 cm would be expected to produce sons with larger testicles
at yearling age and daughters that reach puberty earlier than the progeny of a bull with a
Scrotal Size EBV of -4 cm.
Days to Calving
Days to Calving EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in time from
the start of the joining period (ie. when the female is introduced to a bull) until subsequent
calving. Days to Calving EBVs are expressed in days and are calculated from the joining
records submitted for females.
The Days to Calving EBV promotes those cows that calve earlier in the season compared
to those that calve later, while penalising those cows that do not calve. Variation in days to
calving is mainly due to differences in the time taken for females to conceive after the
commencement of the joining period.
Lower, or more negative, Days to Calving EBVs are generally more favourable. For
example, a bull with a Days to Calving EBV of -5 days would be expected to produce
daughters that conceive earlier in the joining period than the daughters of a bull with a
Days to Calving EBV of +5 days. Females with shorter Days to Calving EBVs also tend to
be those that show early puberty as heifers and return to oestrous earlier after calving.
11

Carcase
BREEDPLAN combines both live animal ultrasound scanning information with abattoir
chiller carcase data to calculate EBVs that provide information regarding the genetic
differences in carcase composition between animals in a standard 300 kg carcase. Selection
for increased carcase yield and carcase value should be an important objective for cattle
breeders. Carcase EBVs provide a useful tool to assist breeders in targeting animals that
meet market requirements.
BREEDPLAN currently produces seven Carcase EBVs:
• Carcase Weight
• Rib Fat Depth
• Rump Fat Depth
• Eye Muscle Area
• Intramuscular Fat (Marbling)
• Retail Beef Yield
• Shear Force (nb. Trial EBV only)
(i) Carcase Weight
Carcase Weight EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in hot
standard carcase weight (as defined by AUSMEAT) at 650 days of age. Carcase Weight
EBVs are expressed in kilograms (kg).
Larger, more positive, Carcase Weight EBVs are generally more favourable. For example
an animal with a Carcase Weight EBV of +40 kg would be expected to produce progeny
with heavier slaughtered carcases at 650 days of age than an animal with a Carcase Weight
EBV of +30 kg.
Carcase Weight should not be confused with yield. The Carcase Weight EBV is an
indication of the animal’s carcase weight and not an indication of the animal’s yield
percentage.
(ii) Eye Muscle Area (EMA)
Eye Muscle Area EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in eye
muscle area at 12/13th rib site in a 300kg steer carcase. EMA EBVs are expressed in square
centimetres (cm 2 ).
Larger, more positive, EMA EBVs are generally more favourable. For example, a bull with
an EMA EBV of +4 cm 2 would be expected to produce steer progeny with a greater
degree of muscle expression than a bull with an EMA EBV of +1 cm 2 .
(iii) Rib Fat
Rib Fat EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in fat depth at the
12/13th rib site in a 300kg steer carcase. Rib Fat EBVs are expressed in millimetres (mm).
12

More positive or more negative Rib Fat EBVs may be more favourable, depending on your
breeding goals relating to the finishing ability of your animals. A bull with a Rib Fat EBV
of -0.4 mm would be expected to produce leaner calves than a bull with a Rib Fat EBV of
+0.4 mm.
(iv) Rump Fat
Rump Fat EBVs are estimates of the genetic differences between animals in fat depth at
the P8 rump site in a 300kg steer carcase. Rump Fat EBVs are expressed in millimetres
(mm).
More positive or more negative Rump Fat EBVs may be more favourable, depending on
your breeding goals relating to the finishing ability of your animals. A bull with a Rump Fat
EBV of -0.6 mm would be expected to produce leaner calves than a bull with a Rump Fat
EBV of +0.6 mm.
Stock with positive fat EBVs are likely to produce progeny that are fatter, or more earlier
maturing, on average than stock with lower or negative fat EBVs. Increasing fat depth
leads to a decrease in retail beef yield, however most market specifications require a
minimum fat depth. Breeders aiming to breed leaner, higher yielding cattle may select for
lower fat EBVs. Breeders wishing to finish their animals earlier may tend to select animals
with moderate fat EBVs. Caution should be placed on selecting for extremely low fat
EBVs for replacement females as this may indicate females that are more difficult to get in
calf.
Differences between Rib Fat EBVs and Rump Fat EBVs can indicate differences in fat
distribution among animals.
(v) Retail Beef Yield (RBY)
Retail Beef Yield (RBY) EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in
boned out retail beef yield in a 300kg steer carcase. RBY EBVs are reported as differences
in percentage (%) yield.
Larger, more positive, RBY EBVs are generally more favourable. For example an animal
with a RBY EBV of +0.9% would be expected to produce progeny that would yield higher
percentages of saleable beef in a 300 kg carcase than an animal with a RBY EBV of +0.1%.
(vi) Intramuscular Fat (IMF)
Intramuscular Fat (IMF) EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in
intramuscular fat (marbling) at the 12/13 rib site in a 300kg carcase. IMF EBVs are
reported as differences in percentage (%) IMF.
Larger, more positive, IMF EBVs are generally more favourable. For example an animal
with an IMF EBV of +0.8% would be expected to produce progeny that would express
more marbling in a 300 kg carcase than an animal with an IMF EBV of +0.1%.
For markets where marbling is important (eg. Japanese B2/B3 market, restaurant trade,
etc.), higher IMF EBVs can contribute significantly to carcase value. Recent research would
13

suggest that 1 marble score is equivalent to approximately 1.5% intra-muscular fat so the
variation shown between sires is not that large. This relationship still needs more data to
confirm the conversion from marble score to intra-muscular fat.
(vii) Shear Force
Trial Shear Force EBV M s are estimates of genetic differences between animals in meat
tenderness. Trial Shear Force EBV M s are expressed as differences in the kilograms of shear
force that are required to pull a mechanical blade through a piece of cooked meat and are
calculated from shear force measurements (ie. objective abattoir measures of meat
tenderness), gene marker information and flight time records.
Lower, more negative, Trial Shear Force EBV M s are more favourable. That is, lower EBVs
indicate that less shear force is required and hence the meat is more tender. For example, a
bull with an EBV of -0.90 would be expected to on average produce progeny with meat
that required a shear force of 1 kg less than a bull with an EBV of +1.10.
Docility
Docility EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in temperament.
Docility EBVs are expressed as differences in the percentage of progeny that will be scored
with acceptable temperament (ie. either “docile” or “restless”) and are calculated from
temperament scores recorded on animals using either a crush or yard test when the animals
are between 60 and 400 days of age (preferably at weaning).
Docility in cattle is the way cattle behave when being handled by humans or put in an
unusual environment such as being separated from the mob in a small yard. What we
define as poor docility is a survival trait in the wild – fear of anything unusual and the
desire to escape. In domesticated cattle it is exhibited as flightiness. Importantly, docility is
a highly heritable trait and so can be improved genetically.
Higher, more positive, Docility EBVs are more favourable. For example, a bull with an
EBV of +4.0% would be expected to on average produce a greater percentage of progeny
that have acceptable temperament than a bull with an EBV of –2.0%.
Net Feed Intake
Feed efficiency is recognised as one of the most economically important production traits,
both in grazing enterprises and feedlot operations. Research has shown that large variation
exists in feed efficiency between animals, and that a proportion of this variation is due to
genetic differences.
BREEDPLAN produces two EBVs relating to feed efficiency - Trial Net Feed Intake
(Post Weaning) & Trial Net Feed Intake (Feedlot Finishing). Both EBVs are calculated
from information collected in feed efficiency trials or by measuring levels of the blood
hormone IGF1. Whilst there is a positive relationship between the two EBVs, some
animals do rank differently for feed efficiency in the two different scenarios.
14

(i) Trial Net Feed Intake (Post Weaning)
Trial NFI-P EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in feed intake at a
standard weight and rate of weight gain when animals are in a growing phase. For example,
animals placed in a feedlot post weaning. Trial NFI-P EBVs as expressed as kilograms (kg)
of feed intake per day.
Lower, or more negative, Trial NFI-P EBVs are more favourable. For example, a bull with
a NFI EBV of –0.7 kg/day would be expected to produce progeny that eat less feed per
day than the progeny from a bull that has a NFI EBV of +0.5 kg/day (when the progeny
are of similar weight, are growing at a similar rate, and are in a growing phase).
(ii) Trial Net Feed Intake (Feedlot Finishing)
Trial NFI-F EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in feed intake at a
standard weight and rate of weight gain when animals are in a feedlot finishing phase. Trial
NFI-F EBVs as expressed as kilograms (kg) of feed intake per day.
Lower, or more negative, Trial NFI-F EBVs are more favourable. For example, a bull with
a NFI EBV of –0.6 kg/day would be expected to produce progeny that eat less feed per
day than the progeny from a bull that has a NFI EBV of +0.8 kg/day (when the progeny
are of similar weight, are growing at a similar rate, and are in a feedlot finishing phase).
Structural Soundness
Since cattle were first domesticated, it has been recognised that animals should conform to
certain structural requirements to ensure high levels of production and adaptability to the
environment. When structural integrity is not maintained, substantial financial loss can
occur. These losses could be due to such things as complete bull breakdown, bulls not
being able to cover the allocated cows resulting in lower conception rates, steers being
unable to finish a long feeding program, or cows with badly structured udders being unable
to rear their calves properly.
Trial Structural Soundness EBVs are provided for five important structural traits:
Front Feet Angle (FA)
Front Feet Claw Set (FC)
Rear Feet Angle (RA)
Rear Leg Hind View (RH)
Rear Leg Side View (RS)
Trial Structural Soundness EBVs are reported as an estimate of genetic differences between
animals in the percentage of progeny that will have a desirable score for a particular
structural trait and are calculated from structural scores recorded on animals by an
accredited scorer when the animals are younger than 750 days of age.
Higher Trial Structural Soundness EBVs are more favourable. That is, higher EBVs
indicate a greater percentage of progeny with a desirable score for that particular trait. For
example, a bull with a Front Feet Angle EBV of +25.3 would be expected to on average
15

produce 41% more progeny with desirable front feet angle than a bull with an EBV of -
56.1 [ie. 25.3 – (-56.1) x ½].
Animals with very low (ie. negative) EBVs for each trait are identified with an additional
flag to indicate the nature of their structural fault.
Front Feet Angle & Rear Feet Angle EBVs are identified with a flag of “ST”,
indicating increased probability of steep feet angle and “SH”, indicating increased
probability of shallow feet angle
Front Feet Claw Set EBVs are identified with a flag of “OD”, indicating increased
probability of open divergent claws and “SC”, indicating increased probability of
scissor claws.
Rear Leg Hind View EBVs are identified with a flag of “BL”, indicating increased
probability of bow legged rear legs and “CH”, indicating increased probability of
cow hocked rear legs.
Rear Leg Side View EBVs are identified with a flag of “SR”, indicating increased
probability of straight rear legs and “SI”, indicating increased probability of sickle
hocked rear legs.
Flight Time
Trial Flight Time EBVs are estimates of genetic differences between animals in
temperament. Trial Flight Time EBVs are expressed as differences in the number of
seconds taken for an animal to travel approximately 2.0 metres after leaving the crush and
are calculated from flight time measurements that have been recorded on animals using
specialised flight time equipment (see picture below).
Flight time is a simple, cost effective and easy to record objective measurement of
temperament. Research has shown that in addition to the obvious benefits for ease of
handling and management, animals with longer flight time (ie. superior temperament) also
have superior meat tenderness.
Higher (ie. Longer) Trial Flight Time EBVs are more favourable. That is, higher EBVs
indicate a longer time taken to exit the crush and hence better temperament. For example,
a bull with an EBV of +0.80 would be expected to on average produce progeny that took
0.7 of a second longer to exit the crush than a bull with an EBV of -0.60.
For more information regarding any of the above EBVs, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
16

Selection Indexes – A General Introduction
What are Selection Indexes?
BREEDPLAN is now calculating Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) for a range of
economically importantly traits. While this provides cattle producers with a
comprehensive range of information regarding the genetic merit of an animal, it can
result in a dilemma when trying to select animals for use in a particular breeding
program. In an ideal situation, it would be desirable to select animals that excel in all
traits, but rarely will an animal be superior for all the available EBVs. So which traits
should producers put most emphasis on? How much emphasis should be placed on
each trait?
BreedObject is a tool that can help solve this dilemma. BreedObject combines the
BREEDPLAN EBVs for an animal with an economic weighting (based on costs of
production and returns on outputs), to produce a single Selection Index. A separate
Selection Index can be produced for any particular production scenario and market.
Selection Indexes enable cattle producers to make “balanced” selection decisions, taking
into account the relevant growth, carcase & fertility attributes of each animal to identify
the animal that is most profitable for their particular commercial enterprise. Selection
Indexes reflect both the short term profit generated by a sire through the sale of his
progeny, and the longer term profit generated by his daughters in a self replacing cow
herd.
What Selection Indexes are available?
Standard Selection Indexes are now available for most Breed Society/Associations. The
standard breed specific Selection Indexes have been designed to cater for the
commercial market production systems of general relevance in each particular breed.
These Selection Indexes are intended for use by both seedstock & commercial
producers.
A general description of the different Selection Indexes that are available for each
particular breed are available from the Tip Sheets page in the Technical area of the
BREEDPLAN website. Also available is information regarding the relative emphasis
that is being placed on each EBV in the calculation of the different Selection Indexes.
This information is also available via the “EBVs Explained” link within the EBV
enquiry facility for Breed Societies/Associations that are offering this service.
As well as standard Selection Indexes, it is also possible to develop customised indexes
for individual producers using herd-specific production information and marketing
goals. Further information regarding the development of customised indexes can be
found on the BreedObject website (www.breedobject.com).
17

Interpreting Selection Indexes
The Selection Index value for an animal is effectively an EBV of the animal’s
profitability in that particular commercial production scenario and market. Ranking
seedstock animals on their Selection Index value sorts them based on their progeny’s
expected profitability for the targeted production system.
Selection Indexes are expressed as “net profit per cow mated”. For example, if we
compare a bull with an Index of +$60 with a bull that has an Index of +$30, we can
estimate that the difference in net profit from the progeny of the bulls would be :
= ½ x difference in Index
= ½ x (60-30)
= $15 per cow mated
(nb. We need to multiply by ½ because only half the progeny’s genes come from the
sire)
If the two bulls were joined to 200 cows during their breeding life, this would equate to
a difference of (200 x $15) = $3000.
It is important to note that this difference includes profit across the entire production
chain from joining to slaughter and also considers the long term profit generated by a
sire’s daughters (if a self replacing Selection Index).
Using Selection Indexes
As a guide to using Selection Indexes, it is recommended that producers complete the
following steps:
(i) Identify the Selection Index of most relevance
(ii) Rank animals on the Selection Index
(iii) Consider the individual EBVs of importance
(iv) Consider other traits of importance
More detailed information regarding each of these steps is included in the Tip Sheet
titled “Selecting Animals with Selection Indexes”.
For more information regarding Selection Indexes, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
18

Selecting Animals with Selection Indexes
The Selection Index value for an animal is effectively an EBV of the animal’s
profitability in a defined commercial production system and market. Ranking seedstock
animals on their Selection Index value sorts them based on their progeny’s expected
profitability for the targeted production system.
As a guide to using Selection Indexes, it is recommended that producers complete the
following steps:
(i) Identify the Selection Index of most relevance
(ii) Rank animals on the Selection Index
(iii) Consider the individual EBVs of importance
(iv) Consider other traits of importance
1. Identify the Selection Index
As mentioned above, a Selection Index value for an animal is effectively an EBV of the
animal’s profitability in a particular commercial production scenario and market.
Consequently, before using Selection Indexes, producers should identify the index that
is of most relevance to their particular production system. For seedstock producers, this
may be the production system of their bull buying clients.
In order to identify the most relevant Selection Index for use, it is recommended that
producers:
consider the description of the Selection Index
take into account the main profit drivers within the production system that the
Selection Index is describing
evaluate the weightings that are being put on each EBV within the Selection
Index
Identifying the Selection Index of most relevance to the production system that the
animals will be used in is of utmost importance. Using the wrong Selection Index will
potentially compromise any subsequent selection decisions that are made.
2. Rank Animals on Selection Index
Once the Selection Index of most relevance has been identified, the animals available
for selection should then be ranked on that particular Selection Index.
When ranking animals on the Selection Index, producers should take into account the
following points.
Selection Indexes can not be used to rank animals across breeds. As with EBVs,
the Selection Indexes for animals of different breeds are calculated within
different BREEDPLAN evaluations. Consequently, Selection Indexes can only be
used to compare animals with other animals of the same breed.
Producers can use Selection Indexes to see where an animal ranks compared to
other animals of the same breed by comparing its Selection Index value to the
current breed average value and to the percentile table.
19

Comparing an animal with the current breed average Selection Index will give you an
indication of how the animal compares with the current genetic level for the breed in
terms of profitability for that particular production system and market scenario.
A set of breed average Selection Index values should be enclosed in all BREEDPLAN
reports, sale catalogues etc. and will look similar to the table below.
Breed Average Index Values for 2006 Born Calves
Supermarket Long Fed EU
+46 +46 +51
If we consider an example where an animal has a Supermarket Selection Index value of
+52, comparison to the above breed average value indicates that the animal is expected
to have genetics that are more profitable than the current genetic level of the breed if
the animal is used within this production scenario.
While comparison to the breed average allows us to assess whether an animal is
expected to have genetics that are more or less profitable than the current genetic level
of the breed, this can be taken further by comparing the animal’s Selection Index to the
Percentile Table. Comparison to the Percentile Table allows us to assess exactly where
the animal ranks within the breed for each particular Selection Index.
If we consider the animal in the above example with the Supermarket Selection Index
value of +52, comparison with the Percentile Table below indicates that the animal is in
fact ranked in the top 20% of the breed for that particular production scenario and
market endpoint (see circled information).
As with the breed average EBVs, a Percentile Table should be enclosed in all
BREEDPLAN reports, sale catalogues etc.
20

3. Consider Individual EBVs of Importance
While Selection Indexes combine all the available EBV information to provide an
indication of an animal’s overall genetic merit, it may still be important to pay attention
to the animal’s individual EBVs for traits of particular importance.
For example, producers may pay attention to:
- Calving Ease EBVs if they are planning to use the bull over heifers
- Milk EBVs if they are looking to turn some calves off as vealers
- IMF EBVs if they are want to specifically improve the marbling in their herd
In order to consider the animal’s individual EBVs, it is recommended that producers set
maximum/minimum EBV ranges for the individual traits of particular importance.
Animals should firstly be ranked on the Selection Index of relevance but then any
animals whose individual EBVs fall outside of the acceptable range be excluded from
selection.
For example, in the situation stated above where a bull is being selected for use over
heifers, animals should be ranked on a particular Selection Index but then any animal
that has a Calving Ease Direct EBV below a certain level be excluded from selection. If
Calving Ease Direct EBVs are not available, then excluding animals with a Birth Weight
EBV above a certain level might be a suitable alternative.
4. Consider Other Traits of Importance
While Selection Indexes take into account all the available performance information on
an animal, they do not consider all the traits of functional and economic importance.
Consequently, Selection Indexes should be used in association with visual assessment
for other traits of importance that may not be accounted for in the EBVs (eg. structural
soundness, temperament).
For more information regarding the use of Selection Indexes or simply Selection Indexes in
general, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN
21

BREEDPLAN Bull Selection Exercises
As a practical guide to the use of BREEDPLAN, the following set of bull selection
exercises were put together by Brian Sundstrom. Before retirement, Brian was the Cattle
Breeding Coordinator with NSW DPI (Agriculture). Part of this role involved technical
and advisory work with BREEDPLAN.
Please note, in these exercises:
All bulls were assumed to be structurally sound and fertile.
For simplicity, EBV accuracies are not provided in the earlier exercises. They are
however used in Exercise IV.
All EBVs are GROUP BREEDPLAN EBVs for bulls of the same breed.
Answers to the exercises are provided at the back of this document
Exercise I – Growth, Milk and Mature Cow Weight EBVs
BULL BIRTH
WEIGHT
200-DAY
MILK
200-DAY
GROWTH
400-DAY
WEIGHT
600 DAY
WEIGHT
MATURE
COW
WEIGHT
A -1 +5 +10 +30 +45 +52
B +2 +2 +14 +25 +28 +35
C +5 -8 +16 +40 +50 +60
D +2 +10 +10 +25 +30 +34
E +1 0 +10 +28 +40 +36
Breed Av +2 +3 +12 +28 +35 +46
The following buyers are selecting from this sire list. Which bulls should they choose?
Buyer 1 - Sells vealers but also breeds replacement heifers. Increasing the level of milk
production in this herd would benefit profitability.
Buyer 2 - Wants to increase yearling and final weights and avoid calving difficulty. The
main product is heavy steers. Replacement heifers are retained.
Buyer 3 - Is straightbreeding in a harsh environment where cows with high EBVs for
milk are slower to rebreed. Large mature cow size is also not favoured. Increased
growth rate in two year old steers is also sought.
22

Exercise II – Fertility EBVs
From the following catalogue, advise the clients on their bull choice. Assume all bulls
have adequate scrotal circumference for the desired mating load.
BULL 400 DAY 600 DAY SCROTAL SIZE DAYS TO
WEIGHT WEIGHT
CALVING
A +40 +50 +1.2 -9
B +44 +40 +2.0 -6
C +34 +40 -0.5 +9
D +48 +58 -1.0 +12
E +43 +51 +2.5 -4
Breed Av +36 +43 +0.4 0
Buyer 1 - Has a commercial pure bred herd turning off two year old steers and seeks to
improve female fertility, while maintaining heavy steer weights.
Buyer 2 - Intends to use the bull as a terminal cross over cross bred cows, selling both
the heifers and steers as finished yearlings.
Buyer 3 - Wishes to increase scrotal size in this stud herd. Yearling bulls are sold and in
the past some have been marginal for SS. Clients are predominantly breeders of
yearling steers.
Exercise III – Carcase EBVs
The following is a selection of sires from a British breed catalogue. Which bull should
the two clients buy?
BULL 400 DAY 600 DAY RUMP FAT EMA RBY IMF
WEIGHT WEIGHT
A +58 +83 +1.3 +0.3 - 0.2 +0.3
B +50 +74 - 0.2 +2.0 +0.1 - 0.1
C +55 +80 - 0.7 +4.1 +0.4 +0.1
D +56 +78 +0.8 +2.0 +0.1 - 0.2
Breed Av +52 +68 +0.2 +1.6 0.0 0.0
Buyer 1 - Sells yearling steers to a feedlot which is long-term feeding for Japan and has
been advised to increase size and growth to 2 years, reduce fatness, maintain or
improve muscularity and improve marbling.
Buyer 2 - Breeds yearling steers, from European x Dairy cross cows. She has difficulty
in finishing yearling steers and seeks to improve this.
23

Exercise IV – Calving Ease EBVs & Accuracy
BULL BIRTH 400 DAY CALVING EASE CALVING EASE
WEIGHT WEIGHT DIRECT DAUGHTERS
EBV Acc EBV Acc EBV Acc EBV Acc
A +0.2 65% +6 60% +10 35% -6 30%
B +0.5 79% +25 75% +9 67% -9 51%
C +1.3 83% +21 80% +1 58% +5 60%
D +0.7 95% +18 93% +8 85% 0 75%
Breed Av +1.0 +16 0.0 0.0
Buyer 1 - Seeks a terminal sire to join with crossbred heifers, for yearling production.
Calving ease is of moderate importance.
Buyer 2 - Is straightbreeding for yearling production and wishes to improve calving
ease of the females.
Buyer 3 - Is straightbreeding and seeks a sire to join with heifers. Calving ease is of
considerable concern to this breeder of grass finished yearlings.
Answers
Exercise I
Buyer 1 - Bull D (The high milk EBV is the deciding factor)
Buyer 2 - Bull A (High 400 and 600 day weight EBVs, with low birth and positive
milk)
Buyer 3 - Bull E (Adequate 600 day weight and low milk, neutral birth weight and
moderate mature cow weight EBVs)
Exercise II
Buyer 1 - Bull A (The highest priority is the negative (short) days to calving EBV,
and 600 day weight is also good)
Buyer 2 - Bull D (Fertility EBVs relating to progeny are not important, so select
highest 400 day weight EBV)
Buyer 3 - Bull E (Has the highest scrotal size EBV and a good 400 day weight
EBV)
Exercise III
Buyer 1 - Bull C (Fat EBV is -ve, eye muscle, retail beef yield and IMF EBVs are
+ve, 600 day weight EBV is also high)
Buyer 2 - Bull A (Fat EBV is +ve, 400 day weight EBV is the best)
Exercise IV
Buyer 1 - Bull B (Positive calving ease direct EBV with moderate accuracy and
with good 400 day weight. Note: bull A has a similar, but lower
accuracy calving ease EBV; but low 400 day weight)
Buyer 2 - Bull C (Positive calving ease daughters EBV, with acceptable 400 day
weight)
Buyer 3 - Bull D (Positive calving ease direct, with the highest accuracy, as calving
ease is so critical)
24

Who do I Contact for Assistance??
There are a number of people who you can contact if you have queries regarding
BREEDPLAN.
BREEDPLAN Office
For specific enquiries regarding BREEDPLAN, please contact staff at the
BREEDPLAN office in Armidale.
Specific enquiries may include such things as the collection and submission of
BREEDPLAN performance information, the interpretation of EBVs, the reportability
of EBVs, the reason for EBV changes, or simply about BREEDPLAN in general.
A designated staff member at the BREEDPLAN office is responsible for providing
support to members of each Breed Society/Association. The contact details for the
current member of the team responsible for each breed will be circulated regularly. If
you are in any doubt as to who to contact for assistance, please contact the
BREEDPLAN office.
The contact details for the BREEDPLAN office are :
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
ARMIDALE NSW 2351
Ph: (02) 6773 3555
Fax: (02) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Website: http://breedplan.une.edu.au
Breed Society Technical Consultants
In addition to the staff at the BREEDPLAN office, there are a number of technical
consultants available to provide assistance in the use and understanding of the different
genetic technologies that are available (eg. BREEDPLAN, Selection Indexes, Internet
Solutions, TakeStock & Gene Markers).
The contact details of the Technical Consultant responsible for providing assistance to
both commercial & seedstock producers of each breed are attached on the next page.
25

Breed Society Technical Consultants
Technical Consultant Organisation Breeds Phone Mobile Email
Andrew Byrne
Christian Duff
Paul Williams
Alex McDonald
Peter Parnell
Gemma Wilkinson
Carel Teseling
SBTS
SBTS
TBTS
SBTS
SBTS
SBTS
Angus Australia
Further information is also available from:
Hereford
Charolais, Red Angus, Shorthorn,
Simmental, Wagyu
Belmont Red, Brahman, Brangus,
Charbray, Droughtmaster, Santa
Gertrudis, Senepol, Simbrah
Limousin
Angus
Blonde d’Aquitaine, Devon, Gelbvieh,
Murray Grey, Red Poll, Salers, South
Devon
Angus
Southern Beef Technology Services
Ph: (02) 6773 3555
Fax: (02) 6772 5376
Email: office@sbts.une.edu.au
Website: http://sbts.une.edu.au
26
(02) 6773 3357
(02) 6773 2472
(07) 4927 6066
(02) 6771 1648
(02) 6772 3011
(02) 6773 3265
(02) 6773 4602
0418 412 042
0418 268 158
0427 018 982
-
-
0459 823 067
0429 665 178
Tropical Beef Technology Services
Ph: (07) 4927 6066
Fax: (07) 4927 6036
Email: office@tbts.une.edu.au
Website: http://tbts.une.edu.au
andrew@sbts.une.edu.au
christian@sbts.une.edu.au
paul@tbts.une.edu.au
alex@limousin.com.au
peter@angusaustralia.com.au
gemma@sbts.une.edu.au
carel@angusaustralia.com.au

Introduction to Internet Solutions ………………. 1
The “Animal Enquiry” Facility …………….…... 3
The “EBV Enquiry” Facility ……………….…... 8
The “Member Enquiry” Facility ……………….…... 11
The “Sale Catalogue” Facility ……………….…... 13
The “Semen Catalogue” Facility ……………….…... 18
The “Mating Predictor” Facility ……………….…... 20
The “File Download” Facility ……………….…... 24
The “Online Transactions” Facility ………….…... 25
Tips When Using Internet Solutions ……….…... 26
May 2012

Introduction to Internet Solutions
Internet Solutions is a web based service developed by the Agricultural Business
Research Institute (ABRI) for application within the livestock industry. It allows
breeders to instantly access detailed information about registered animals, sale and
semen catalogues, exchange information with their Breed Society and access a suite of
BREEDPLAN related tools and services.
Internet Solutions services are now offered by more than 87 beef cattle Breed Societies
in Australia, New Zealand, North America, South Africa, Namibia, Argentina and the
United Kingdom; with more than 3 million transactions being conducted every month.
What does Internet Solutions offer?
Internet Solutions is comprised of a number of different services:
Animal/EBV/Member Enquiry: a complete electronic herdbook is made available
online for each particular Breed Society. This facility provides access to animal, EBV
and member information as it is recorded on the Breed Society database. A powerful
search engine has also been incorporated to allow users to search on a variety of criteria
including animal tag, breeder, birth year, sex, EBVs and selection index values.
Sale Catalogues: online sale catalogues are made available for single-vendor auction,
multi-vendor auction & private treaty sales. As with the animal/EBV/member enquiry
facilities, a powerful search engine has also been incorporated that provides users with
powerful search and enquiry capabilities both within and across catalogues.
Semen Catalogues: online semen catalogues are made available providing a valuable
service to the AI industry. This service has similar functionality to the sale catalogue
facility.
Mating Predictor: a simple EBV calculator. Users can specify a mating or range of
matings and this facility will calculate the expected EBVs, EBV accuracies and
BreedObject Selection Index values of the progeny. This facility also includes the
calculation of an Inbreeding Coefficient, which gives an indication of the amount of
inbreeding expected in the progeny from the mating specified.
File Download: Breed Society members can access a secure member specific area by
entering through a secure login site. Members can then access and download a range of
files that have been prepared for them by either their Breed Society or the
BREEDPLAN office.
Online Transactions: members of the Breed Society can access a range of data entry
functions that enable them to submit information to either their Breed Society or
BREEDPLAN. Specifically, users have the ability to enter calf recording/registration
details, inventory updates/cow fates & performance information.
Further details about each service is provided on the following pages.
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Benefits of Internet Solutions
Internet Solutions allows individual beef producers to:
• Access detailed information about an individual animal’s pedigree, EBVs and
disease status, and member contact details
• Use powerful search engines to search and sort animals across breed on a range
of criteria
• View sale and semen catalogues in an interactive format
• Calculate mid-parent EBVs and expected inbreeding using mate prediction
software
• Submit and download Breed Society and BREEDPLAN information
Accessing Internet Solutions
The Internet Solutions services can be accessed in a variety of ways. From within a web
browser, Internet Solutions services can be accessed either from participating Breed
Society websites or directly from the BREEDPLAN website.
If accessing “Internet Solutions” via the BREEDPLAN website
(http://breedplan.une.edu.au), users need to select “Database Search” from the menu at
the top of the page, as displayed below.
From within the Database Search page, users need to select the Breed Society database
which they wish to access. Users will be taken directly to the EBV enquiry page from
which they can navigate to other parts of Internet Solutions by clicking on one of the
tabs displayed at the top of the screen.
Contact Information
For further information regarding any of the Internet Solutions services offered, please
contact staff at BREEDPLAN
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The “Animal Enquiry” Facility
The animal enquiry facility enables users to access information regarding either:
• an individual animal
• a range of animals that meet specific criteria.
When users enter the animal enquiry facility, a screen similar to the following will be
displayed.
By entering information in the different fields, users can search the Breed Society
database and identify the animals that meet the criteria specified. These animals will then
be displayed in a table similar to the one below.
This screen displays some basic details about each of the animals that have been
selected. In the above example, this includes name, sex, identifier, birth date, horn & the
colour of the animal as recorded with the Breed Society.
Clicking on a particular animal’s name will display the full animal details page for that
animal.The animal details page provides the user with very comprehensive information
regarding each particular animal (as recorded with the relevant Breed Society).
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An example animal details page and a brief description of the information displayed is
provided below:
A - The name of the animal that is being viewed is clearly specified in the page header
B - Some basic details regarding the animal are displayed. In this case a range of
information including herdbook no., sex, date of birth & registration status is listed.
C - The sire & dam of the animal are displayed. Clicking on the name of the either the
dam or the sire will take the user to their respective animal details page.
D - The ownership details of the animal are displayed. In particular, the breeder of the
animal & the current owner of the animal are specified. Clicking on the member’s name
will take the user to their respective member details page.
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E - Progeny: Clicking on [View All] will take the user to a full list of all the progeny
of this animal that have been recorded with the Breed Society/Association.
Clicking on [View by Herd] will allow the user to view the progeny of the animal
on a per herd basis.
Pedigree: Clicking on [View] will display the full pedigree tree for the animal
(back 3 generations). Clicking on the name of any animal within the pedigree
tree will take the user to their respective animal detail’s page.
F - Clicking on [View] or the symbol within the table will display a graphical
representation of the EBVs for the animal. This allows the user to quickly determine
how the animal ranks for each trait when compared with the current genetic level of the
breed.
G - A thumbnail photograph of the animal is displayed. If the user wishes to view the
photograph in more detail, clicking on the [View Larger Image] will display a larger
version of the photograph.
H - All available BREEDPLAN figures for the animal are displayed. In particular:
• The latest EBVs & their accuracies are provided in a table.
• The Breed Average EBVs are displayed to allow users to quickly determine
whether the animal is below or above the current genetic level of the breed for
each particular trait.
• Clicking on the Click for Percentiles will enable the latest Percentile Table for
the breed to be displayed. This allows users to quickly benchmark where the
animal ranks within the breed for each particular trait.
• Traits Observed – the traits that the animal has performance recorded for are
displayed. This information is similar to the trait indicators that BREEDPLAN
users will be familiar with.
• Statistics – a general description of what performance has been recorded for
the progeny of the animal is displayed. More specifically, the number of herds in
which the animal has performance recorded progeny, the number of the
animal’s progeny that have weight, ultrasound scanning & carcase information
recorded and the number of the animal’s daughters that have performance
recorded progeny are all displayed.
I – The latest BreedObject Selection Index values for the animal and the breed average
are provided in a table. For further explanation on BreedObject Selection Index values
click the link at the bottom of the table titled Explanation of $Index Values.
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Using the Animal Enquiry Facility
Example 1 – A stud breeder wishes to source information regarding a particular
animal that may be of interest to him. In this case, the only information the
breeder knows regarding the animal is that its name is “Tarangower William”.
From within the animal enquiry facility, the breeder simply needs to type “Tarangower
William” in the “Name” field. This is illustrated below.
Once this has been done, the breeder needs to click on one of the “Search” buttons
located at both the top and bottom of the screen. This will forward the breeder to a
screen containing a table that lists a summary of all animals that have a name beginning
with “Tarangower William”.
In this case, there are two animals that match the search criteria. By clicking on the
name, Tarangower William in the table, the breeder will be forwarded to the animal
details page of Tarangower William, where they can access a wide range of pedigree,
ownership & performance information for the animal.
It should be noted that in the above example, the breeder could have also utilised the
wildcard tool (%). For more information regarding this option, please see the section
titled “Tips when using Internet Solutions”.
Example 2 – A breeder is interested in sourcing some more detailed information
regarding some of the sires listed in the latest Sire & Dam Summary. In this
case, the breeder wishes to find out which of the sires included in the Sire
Summary are located in the “Northland” area and access some basic information
about each of them.
From within the animal enquiry facility, the breeder needs to choose “Animal is
Published Sire” from the drop down box in the “Select if” field and “Northland” from
the drop down box in the “Breeder Located in Region” field. This is illustrated below.
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Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists a summary of all animals that are both
“Published Sires” & located in “Northland”. By simply clicking on any of the animals in
the table, the breeder will be forwarded to their respective animal details page. From
here they can access a wide range of pedigree, ownership & performance information
for each particular animal.
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The “EBV Enquiry” Facility
The EBV enquiry facility enables users to access EBV information regarding either:
• an individual animal
• a range of animals that meet specific EBV criteria.
The EBV enquiry facility is very similar to the animal enquiry facility however it
provides the user with the additional capability of being able to search on EBV details.
When users enter the EBV enquiry facility, a screen similar to the animal enquiry screen
will be displayed; however a number of additional EBV fields will also be included.
These additional fields will look similar to the table below.
By entering information into the different EBV fields, users can search the Breed
Society database and identify the animals that meet not only different animal details
criteria but fit within certain EBV & EBV accuracy requirements.
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These animals will then be displayed in a table similar to the one below.
This screen displays the latest EBVs for each of the animals that have been selected.
Clicking on a particular animal’s name will display the full animal details page for that
animal.
The animal details page provides the user with very comprehensive information
regarding each particular animal (as recorded with the relevant Breed Society). An
example animal details page is provided in the description of the “Animal Enquiry”
facility on the previous pages.
Using the EBV Enquiry Facility
Example 1 – A commercial cattleman is interested in sourcing some more
detailed information regarding some of the sires that have been used in the
breed. In this case, the breeder wishes to find out which of the sires have a 600
day weight EBV heavier than breed average & birth weight EBV lighter than
breed average.
From within the EBV enquiry facility, the breeder needs to:
• choose “Sire” from the drop down box in the “Select if” field
• type the breed average birth weight EBV in the birth weight maximum EBV field to
select sires with a below breed average birth weight
• type the breed average 600 day weight EBV in the 600 day weight EBV minimum
field to select sires with an above breed average 600 day weight. Breed average
EBVs are listed in the right hand column for easy reference.
Following these steps, the
screen should look similar
to this.
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Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists a summary of all animals that fit the
criteria specified. By simply clicking on any of the animals in the table, the breeder will
be forwarded to their respective animal details page. From here they can access a wide
range of pedigree, ownership & performance information for each particular animal.
Example 2 – A stud breeder wants to create a report listing the EBVs for his 2006
drop bull calves.
From within the EBV enquiry facility, the breeder needs to:
• type the herd prefix in the “Name” field. This will select all animals whose name
begins with that prefix. In the example below, the herd’s prefix is “Woodbank”
• type the “2006” in the “Calving Year(s)” field
• choose “Animal is Male” from the drop down box in the “Select if” field.
Following these steps, the screen should look similar to below.
Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists a summary of all animals that fit the
criteria specified. In this case, the table should contain all their 2006 drop bull calves.
By selecting the different options from the heading at the top of the page, the breeder
can then customise this table to produce a complete summary of EBVs for these
animals e.g. the breeder can include EBV accuracies and BreedObject Selection Index
values in the table. For more information regarding this, please see the “Tips when
using Internet Solutions” section. The table can then be printed thus producing a useful
EBV report.
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The “Member Enquiry” Facility
The member enquiry facility enables users to access information regarding either:
• an individual member of the Breed Society
• a range of Breed Society members that meet specific criteria.
When users enter the member enquiry facility, a screen similar to the following will be
displayed.
By entering information in the different fields, users can search the Breed Society
database and identify the members that meet the criteria specified. These members will
then be displayed in a table similar to the one below.
This screen displays some basic details about each of the members that have been
selected. In the above example, this includes membership name, surname, prefix & herd
number. Clicking on a particular member’s name will display the full member details
page for that member.
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Using the Member Enquiry Facility
Example 1 – A commercial cattleman wants to contact a stud breeder but doesn’t
have any contact details for them. All they know is name of the stud. In this
example the name of the stud is Haldon.
From within the member enquiry facility, the breeder simply needs to enter the name of
the stud in the “Prefix” field.
This is illustrated in the screen below.
Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists the herd with this prefix. By simply
clicking on the name of the herd, the breeder will be forwarded to their respective
member details page. This page will contain all available contact details for the herd.
Example 2 – A stud breeder wishes to source a list of youth members of his
Breed Society and some contact details for them.
From within the member enquiry facility, the breeder needs to choose “Member is a
Youth Member” from the drop down box in the “Select if” field. This is illustrated
below.
Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists a summary of all youth members of
the Breed Society. In this example, the youth members will be sorted on postcode as the
breeder selected “Postcode” from the drop down box in the “Sort By” field.
By simply clicking on any of the members in the table, the breeder will be forwarded to
their respective member details page. From here they can access a wide range of
information for each particular member.
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The “Sale Catalogue” Facility
The sale catalogue facility enables vendors to supply their relevant Breed Society with an
electronic version of their sale catalogue, which the Breed Society then makes available
to the public via Internet Solutions. Sale catalogues can be created for both auction &
private treaty sales.
Potential clients can then access the sale catalogue and view a vast range of information
regarding each animal. In addition, the sale catalogue facility provides users with the
ability to sort and/or search within either a particular catalogue or across a range of sale
catalogues. This capability makes the sale catalogue facility a very powerful tool for
potential buyers.
When users enter the sale catalogue facility, a screen listing all upcoming sales will be
displayed. This screen will contain a general description of the sale, the date of the sale
and the number of lots that are being presented. The screen should look similar to the
one below.
By clicking on the name of a particular sale, users will be taken to the relevant sale
catalogue and presented with a screen similar to the one below.
This screen will provide the user with a list of the lots available for sale and some basic
details regarding each lot. By clicking on the name of a particular animal, users will be
taken to the relevant lot details page
The sale catalogue lot details page provides the user with very comprehensive
information regarding each particular lot (as recorded with the relevant Breed Society).
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An example lot details page and a brief description of the information displayed are
provided below:
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A – The name of the animal that is for sale/has semen available is displayed clearly in
the page header. Details regarding the lot are also provided (ie. catalogue name & lot
no.).
B – A thumbnail photograph of the animal is displayed. If the user wishes to view the
photograph in more detail, clicking on the [View Larger Image] will display a larger
version of the photograph.
C – Some basic details regarding the animal are displayed. In this case a range of
information including vendor’s name, animal identifier, sex, date of birth & registration
status is listed. Clicking on the vendor’s name will take the user to their respective
member details page.
D – A set of comments for the animal are displayed. These comments are provided by
the vendor and usually contain some general information about the animal that may be
of interest. The straw price is usually included in these comments for semen catalogues.
E – The full pedigree tree for the animal (back 3 generations) is displayed. Clicking on
the name of any animal within the pedigree tree will take the user to their respective
animal detail’s page.
F – All available BREEDPLAN figures for the animal are displayed. To show the Index
Values for the animal click on the link at the bottom of the table. To show the EBV
graph for the animal click on the graph symbol. See below for an example of an EBV
graph.
For further information regarding the BREEDPLAN information that is available,
please refer to the relevant section in Appendix 1.
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Using the Sale Catalogue Facility
Example 1 – A breeder is attending a sale and wishes to go through the
catalogue beforehand to highlight a list of animals that he may be interested in
purchasing. In this case the breeder has decided that he is only interested in
bulls that are above breed average for 600 day weight & below breed average for
birth weight. In addition, the breeder would like the animals ranked on 600 day
weight EBV rather than lot number.
From within the sale catalogue tab, the breeder needs to click on the name of the sale
they are attending. This will take them to a screen listing a summary of the lots available
for sale. The breeder then needs to click in the option at the top of the screen titled:
This will take the breeder to a screen similar to the “EBV Enquiry” screen. From within
this screen, the breeder needs to:
• type the breed average birth weight EBV in the Birth Wt. maximum field
• type the breed average 600 day weight EBV in the 600 Day Wt. minimum field
• choose “600 Day Wt” from the drop down box in the “Sort By” field.
Following these steps, the screen should look similar to below.
Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists a summary of all lots that fit the
criteria specified, sorted on 600 day weight EBV. By clicking on the name of each lot,
the breeder will be taken to the respective lot details page. From here they can access a
wide range of pedigree & performance information for each particular lot.
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Example 2 – There are a number of upcoming sales and a Central Districts
cattleman is interested in purchasing a bull of a particular type but doesn’t know
which sale/s he would be best to attend. In this case the breeder has decided
that he is only interested in bulls that are above breed average for milk, 200 day
weight, 400 day weight & 600 day weight, and below breed average for birth
weight. Although he is willing to travel, he would prefer to buy the bull locally.
In this case, the breeder needs to go to the EBV Enquiry facility and enter information
similar to below.
More specifically, the breeder needs to:
• choose “Animal is for Sale” from the drop down box in the “Select if” field. (this
selects all animals that are represented in the current sale catalogues for that
particular Breed Society)
• choose “Central Districts” from the drop down box in the “Breeder Located in
Region” field
• type the breed average EBV in the Birth Wt maximum EBV field.
• type the breed average EBVs in the 200 Day Wt, 400 Day Wt, 600 Day Wt & Milk
minimum EBV fields
• select 600 Day Wt from the sort by menu.
Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The EBV enquiry facility will
then search through all animals represented in the current sale catalogues and display a
table listing those lots that meet the criteria specified, sorted on 600 day weight EBV. By
clicking on the name of each animal, the breeder will be taken to the respective animal
details page. From here they can access a wide range of pedigree & performance
information for each particular animal. In addition, within the animal details page, a link
is displayed that allows you to view the lot details page of each animal.
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The “Semen Catalogue” Facility
The semen catalogue facility enables semen suppliers to supply the relevant Breed
Society with an electronic version of their semen catalogue which the Breed Society
then makes available to the public via Internet Solutions.
Potential clients can then access the semen catalogue and view a vast range of
information regarding each bull. In addition, the semen catalogue facility provides users
with the ability to sort and/or search within either a particular catalogue or across a
range of semen catalogues. This capability makes the semen catalogue facility a very
powerful tool for users looking to source semen for use in their herd.
When users enter the semen catalogue facility, a screen listing all available semen
catalogues will be displayed. This screen will contain a general description of the semen
catalogue and the number of sires with semen available. This screen should look similar
to the one below.
By clicking on the name of a particular semen list, users will be taken to the relevant
semen catalogue and presented with a screen similar to the one below.
This screen provides the user with a list of bulls that have semen available and some
basic details regarding each bull. By clicking on the name of a particular bull, users will
be taken to the relevant lot details page.
The semen catalogue lot details page provides the user with very comprehensive
information regarding each particular lot (as recorded with the relevant Breed Society).
An example lot details page is provided in the description of the “Sale Catalogue”
facility on the previous pages.
Using the Semen Catalogue Facility
Example 1 – A breeder has decided to use AI. He has a semen catalogue and
wants to select the bull/s he is going to use. In particular, the breeder wishes to
limit the sale catalogue to only include bulls with a higher than breed average
600 day weight & less than breed average birth weight. In addition, the breeder
would like the animals ranked on 600 day weight EBV rather than lot number.
From within the semen catalogue facility, the breeder needs to click on the name of the
relevant semen catalogue. This will take them to a screen listing a summary of the lots
with semen available. The breeder then needs to click in the option at the top of the
screen titled:
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This will take the breeder to a screen similar to the EBV enquiry screen.
From within this screen, the breeder needs to:
• type the breed average birth weight EBV in the Birth Wt. maximum field to select
bulls with a below breed average birth weight EBV
• type the breed average 600 day weight EBV in the 600 Day Wt. minimum field to
select bulls with a greater than breed average 600 day weight EBV
• select 600 Day Wt from the sort by menu.
Following these steps, the screen should look similar to below.
Once this has been done, the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen containing a table that lists a summary of all lots that fit the
criteria specified sorted by 600 day weight EBV. By clicking on the name of each semen
lot, the breeder will be taken to the respective lot details page. From here they can
access a wide range of pedigree & performance information for each particular sire with
semen available.
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The “Mating Predictor” Facility
The mating predictor facility allows breeders to specify a mating or a range of matings
and calculate the expected EBVs, EBV accuracies and BreedObject Selection Index
values of the potential progeny. This facility also includes the calculation of an
Inbreeding Coefficient, which gives an indication on the amount of inbreeding expected
in the progeny from the mating specified.
When users enter the mating predictor facility, a screen similar to the following will be
displayed.
By entering sire and dam details and clicking on one of the “Search” buttons located at
the top and bottom of the screen the user can generate the expected genetic merit for
the potential progeny from the mating. If the Breed Society has enabled the enhanced
mating predictor the user will also see an Inbreeding Coefficient presented for the
potential progeny.
The genetic merit of the potential progeny will be displayed as Expected Average
Progeny Values similar to the example below.
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Using the Mating Predictor Facility
Example 1 – A breeder wants to evaluate the expected genetic merit of the
progeny of two available sires when joined to one of their dams, to determine
which mating would best meet their breeding objectives.
From within the mating predictor facility, the breeder needs to:
• type the two sire idents into the relevant box
• type the dam ident into the relevant box
• select Dam for “Display Results By”
• click the “Search” button.
Note that selecting Dam for “Display Results By” will cause the dams EBVs to be
displayed at the top of the results screen with the sires details listed below. Once the
search has been completed the results will display similar to the following.
Once the results screen appears the breeder can select the ‘Show EBV Acc’ and ‘Show
Index Values’ to include the EBV accuracies and BreedObject Selection Index values in
the results table as seen on the previous page.
A brief description of the information displayed in the screen above is provided below.
A – The dams name and ident are displayed alongside her EBVs. EBV accuracies and
BreedObject Index Values will also be provided if the ‘Show EBV Acc’ and ‘Show
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Index Values’ options have been selected. To access more information on the dam, click
on the name of the dam.
B – The sires name and ident are displayed alongside his EBVs. EBV accuracies and
BreedObject Index Values will also be provided if the ‘Show EBV Acc’ and ‘Show
Index Values’ options have been selected. To access more information on the sire, click
on the name of the sire.
C – Expected Average Progeny Values show the genetic merit for the potential progeny
from the mating of the dam and the sire shown immediately above the results.
The details of the Expected Average Progeny Values are explained below:
Expected Average Progeny Values – provide the average expected EBVs of the
potential progeny. EBV accuracies and BreedObject Index Values will also be
provided if the ‘Show EBV Acc’ and ‘Show Index Values’ options have been
selected.
Inbreeding Coefficient – shows the expected level of inbreeding in the potential
progeny from the mating. For further information on inbreeding and acceptable
levels of inbreeding click on the Inbreeding Coefficient title.
Min/(Avg.) generation – shows the minimum number of generations on any side
of the pedigree and the average number of generations within the pedigree. This
information provides an indication of how much pedigree was available to calculate
the inbreeding coefficient.
Pedigree display of this mating – click this link to see the pedigree for the mating
and the EBV graph of the potential progeny.
The mating predictor allows the breeder to be able to look at the genetic merit of the
potential progeny from both sires out of the dam entered into the mating predictor and
make a decision as to which joining will result in progeny that best meet their breeding
objectives.
Example 2 – A breeder wants to plan joinings for the coming season. The
breeder wants to assess the use of three possible bulls across their entire female
inventory.
From within the mating predictor facility the breeder needs to login to the member area
of Internet Solutions. This can be done by clicking the link demonstrated below, and
entering the breeder’s username and password.
This presents the breeder with additional search options. One of which is the ability to
select females in their ownership (see next page).
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The breeder then needs to enter the three bulls which are available to them into the sire
identifier box and select the “Female Inventory” option. There is also the option to
select how many dams are displayed, in this example “50” has been selected. The results
are to be “Displayed by Dam”. Selecting “Display by Dam” means that each dam will
appear compared against the three sires. If the “Display by Sire” option was selected
each sire would appear with the entire female inventory listed below.
Once this has been done the breeder simply needs to click on one of the “Search”
buttons located at both the top and bottom of the screen. The breeder will then be
forwarded to a screen that displays the Expected Average Progeny Values for all the
matings entered.
In this example the Expected Average Progeny Values will be shown for all the dams in
the female inventory against the three sires entered into the mating predictor as
demonstrated above. To show the results for the next dam click “Next” at the top right
hand corner of the screen.
The mating predictor allows the breeder to assess each dam within the female inventory
against the available bulls. The breeder can then select which joining is most likely to
produce progeny that best meet their breeding objectives.
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The “File Download” Facility
The file download facility allows individual breeders to access a secure member specific
area by entering through a secure login site with a member identification and password.
Within this area, breeders can access/download a range of files that have been prepared
for them by their Breed Society or the BREEDPLAN office. The file download screen
should look similar to the one below.
The screen includes the file name, a file description, the date the file was created and the
size of the file.
Breeders have the option of opening files such as their herd report and printing
additional copies. Breeders also have the option of downloading the appropriate files
e.g. the INTRMEBV and GROUPEBV files into a compatible herd recording program.
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The “Online Transactions” Facility
The online transactions facility allows members of the Breed Society to access a range of
data entry functions that enable them to submit information to either their Breed
Society or BREEDPLAN. Specifically, users have the ability to enter calf
recording/registration details; inventory updates/cow fates & performance information.
To access the online transaction facility, members enter through a secure login site with
a member identification and password. Once access has been granted to the facility,
members will be presented with a screen similar to the one below.
Members can then use this screen as the starting point in entering and submitting a
range of information to their Breed Society or BREEDPLAN.
A comprehensive help section is available to assist members when entering information.
This can be accessed from within the facility by clicking on the Help link, as highlighted
above.
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Tips when using Internet Solutions
The following section provides some general information that may assist people when
using the Internet Solutions services.
Wildcard Tool:
A wildcard facility (%) has been implemented to provide the user with more flexibility
when using the animal enquiry facility. For example, by entering
- “ABCX%” in the herdbook number field, all animals with a herdbook number
beginning with “ABCX” will be selected
- “Admiral%Curly” in the name field, all animals with a name beginning with Admiral
and Curly somewhere later in the name will be selected.
Similar to the wildcard feature, simply entering the beginning of the animal’s name in
the “name” field will be enough to select the animal. For example, entering
“Tarangower William” will select all animals with a name beginning with “Tarangower
William”.
Displaying drop down menu:
By clicking on this symbol, the list of available options that may be entered in that
field will be displayed.
Animals selected in a search:
Information may be entered in as many search fields as you like. However, please note
animals must meet all criteria specified if they are to be selected. It is recommended that
you complete a few criteria and if too many results are shown refine your search.
Photos:
When this symbol is displayed, it indicates that a photo of the animal is available for
viewing.
EBV Information:
Clicking on this icon (see bottom of each page) will provide the user with
some information on how to interpret the BREEDPLAN information that is
displayed.
Member Login:
A username and password is required to access the file download, online transaction
and enhanced search mating predictor facilities. If you require a username and password
please contact the Breed Society or the BREEDPLAN office.
Online Contact:
At the bottom of each screen there is an online contact. You can send an email to the
contact by clicking on the contact link.
26

Search Details:
A description of the information contained in the search header shown above is detailed
below:
Entries: Describes how many animals were selected in the search and which ones have
been listed on the screen. There is a limit to the maximum number of results that will be
displayed. In the above example, 300 animals were selected and the animal listing is
currently displaying the first 15 animals.
Selection Criteria: Describes the selection criteria the user has entered in the enquiry
screen. In the above example, the user had specified “Animal is a Published Sire” in the
“Select if” field and “North Island” in the “Breeder Located in Region” field.
Sorted By: Describes the order in which the selected animals are sorted. In the above
example, the selected animals are sorted based on their name.
First/Previous/Next/Last: Allows the user to navigate between the different pages of
the selected animals. Simply click on the appropriate button to move around.
Show/Hide EBVs: Allows the user to determine whether EBV details or animal details
display in the animal listing table.
Show/Hide EBV Acc: Allows the user to determine whether the EBV accuracies
display in association with each EBV in the animal listing table.
Show/Hide Breed Object Selection Index values: Allows the user to determine whether
the BreedObject Selection Index values display in the animal listing table.
Show All Entries: Allows the user to display all selected animals in the animal listing
table as opposed to the animals appearing in groups of 15.
27

from the BREEDPLAN suite of genetic Tools
Benchmarking
Genetic
Change
TakeStock collates all available BREEDPLAN and
selection index information to provide beef
cattle breeders with a tool that enables them to
assess and improve the rate of genetic progress
in their herds.
TakeStock enhances the ability of breeders to manage genetic
change. It enables seedstock breeders to focus on the key
variables affecting the rate of genetic gain being made for the
particular breeding objective of their commercial clients.
What does TakeStock do?
TakeStock uses the pedigree and performance information
that has been recorded with each Breed Society to:
n Provide a range of statistics relating to the genetic structure
of the breed and individual herds.
n Evaluate the rate of genetic progress that has been made
by the breed and the individual herds within it. To do
this, Takestock assesses the genetic progress that a herd
has made for each Selection Index and benchmarks the
individual herd’s progress with the genetic progress that
has been made by the breed as a whole.
n Determine the key factors that explain significant differences
in the rate of genetic progress between herds within breed
across a given period of years. These factors are known as
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The KPIs help breeders
identify the type of factors that had the greatest impact
on the rate of genetic progress made by herds within
their breed. Herds are rated for their performance against
each KPI to bench mark the performance of their breeding
program.
What benefits does TakeStock have for
individual herds?
TakeStock enables individual seedstock herds to:
n Benchmark the rate of genetic progress being made by their
herd for each Selection Index against the average progress
of the other herds within the breed.
n Identify the variables that are significantly influencing
differences in the rate of genetic progress between herds
for a particular Selection Index.
n Make changes to their breeding programme to increase the
rate of genetic progress that is being made by their herd.
What benefits does TakeStock have for
individual breed societies?
TakeStock enables each Breed Society to:
n Monitor the performance of their breed for a number of key
variables that influence genetic progress.
n Identify and monitor changes in the breeding programs
and rate of genetic progress of their breed.

Can a TakeStock report be produced for all
seedstock herds?
As TakeStock evaluates the rate of genetic progress being
made over a certain time period for a particular Selection
Index, a TakeStock report cannot be generated for all herds. In
general, herds must meet the following criteria:
n Be a current member of BREEDPLAN.
Example TakeStock Reports
For more information please contact:
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Australia
n Be a member of a breed that has at least one Selection Index.
n Have been performance recording with BREEDPLAN for a
minimum number of years (8-10 years).
n Have a minimum number of calves recorded each year (15 -
20 calves).
TakeStock reports are generally made available to eligible
herds both in paper and electronic form.
Figure 1:
Herd Genetic Trend
versus Breed
Genetic Trend for
Selection Index
Figure 2:
Selection Index
Key Variables
Period 1 - 2001 to 2005
Period 2 - 2005 to 2009
Ph: +61 (2) 6773 3555
Fax: +61 (2) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Web: http://breedplan.une.edu.au

from the BREEDPLAN suite of genetic Tools
MateSel
Optimised Mating
Allocation
Deciding which bull is mated to which cow
has a major impact on the rate of genetic
improvement, inbreeding levels and overall
profitability being achieved by a herd.
MateSel enables breeders to optimise breeding outcomes
for their herd by creating mating lists that integrate technical,
logistical and breeding issues into an easy to use decision
making framework.
Developed by Brian Kinghorn at the University of New England,
MateSel has already been implemented in the American pig
industry and is having a strong impact on sustainable genetic
gains and improved profits. MateSel provides members of
BREEDPLAN with a tool for optimising mate allocations to
reflect their breeding goals and creating long term, sustainable
genetic gains with minimised inbreeding.
What does MateSel do?
MateSel creates a list of optimal matings for a group of candidate
animals limited by parameters as set by the individual breeder.
Using the MateSel software a breeder can:
n Set parameters and constraints for the MateSel analysis such
as the desired breeding objective and acceptable levels of
inbreeding.
n Specify multiple mating list options to suit their production
system including such things as spring and autumn
matings, and heifer versus older mature cow matings.
n Select a list of candidate females available for mating based
on inventory lists, age groups, last calving and registration
status.
n Select a list of candidate males available for mating from
young and old herd bulls, AI sire lists, semen and sale
catalogues, and specifically nominated sires.
n Restrict candidate male selections based on a range of EBV,
selection index and EBV accuracy criteria.
Breeders can then choose to adjust and save parameters
before submitting their run request via the web.

What Benefits does MateSel have for
Individual Breeders
MateSel enables individual breeders to:
n Maximise the rate of genetic gain through optimised mating
allocation.
n Make informed decisions about semen purchase, which
bulls to use, animal selection or culling, forming mating
groups and mate allocation.
n Manage genetic gain, genetic diversity, inbreeding and
genetic defects, trait distributions, logistical constraints and
costs.
Example MateSel Screen
For more information please contact:
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Australia
n Save significant time previously spent compiling mating
lists.
n Include objectivity and proven science to mating decisions.
In addition to a web based version, direct consultation in the
application of MateSel is also available to breeders focusing on
their specific breeding objectives, management constraints,
corrective mating and other constraints.
The consultation includes a more detailed output with custom
graphics analyses reviewing key outcomes and constraints
applied, while exploring mating strategies.
Ph: +61 (2) 6773 3555
Fax: +61 (2) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Web: http://breedplan.une.edu.au

from the BREEDPLAN suite of genetic Tools
Completeness of
Performance
One of the key factors underpinning
the accuracy of EBVs is the quantity
of performance information that has
been recorded with BREEDPLAN. The
“Completeness of Performance” product
summarises the quantity of pedigree and
performance information that has been
submitted to BREEDPLAN by an individual
seedstock herd.
The “Completeness of Performance” product is one
component in a suite of quality assurance products that
have been developed by staff at the Agricultural Business
Research Institute (ABRI), in association with both Southern
Beef Technology Services (SBTS) and Tropical Beef Technology
Services (TBTS), in order to maintain the ongoing integrity of
BREEDPLAN EBVs.
The standard “Completeness of Performance” product is
comprised of two major components:
(i) Annual distribution of “Completeness of Performance”
reports to each individual BREEDPLAN member
(ii) Production of a “Completeness of Performance” star rating
for each individual BREEDPLAN member
The “Completeness of Performance” Report
The “Completeness of Performance” reports provide a
summary of the information that the seedstock herd has
submitted to BREEDPLAN. A range of statistics are provided
within the reports including details of the pedigree, weight,
carcase, birth and fertility information that has been recorded.
The “Completeness of Performance” reports
allow members of BREEDPLAN to assess
how “complete” the information is for their
animals and importantly identify areas in
which additional performance information
could potentially be recorded.
The reports also play an important role in enabling members
to double check that the performance information that they
have collected on their animals has been recorded with
BREEDPLAN.

The “Completeness of Performance” Star Rating
The “Completeness of Performance” star rating is an extension of the reports
and can be implemented at the discretion of each individual Breed Society
conducting a GROUP BREEDPLAN evaluation. The star rating for each herd
is calculated based on the proportion of calves within the herd born in a
fixed 5 year period that have performance recorded for each trait. Different
criteria are used within each individual breed depending on the traits for
which EBVs are calculated within the breed. Each herd receives a star rating
on a 0 – 5 scale (including half stars) that summarises the “completeness” of
their performance information. Herds with a star rating of “5” are considered
to be gold standard and are recording “complete” performance information
for all traits for which EBVs are available.
While ultimately EBV accuracy values provide an
indication of the reliability an animal’s EBVs, the
“Completeness of Performance” star rating provides
both seedstock and commercial producers alike with
an assessment of how much performance has been
submitted to BREEDPLAN by a herd when looking at
the EBVs for animals within their herd.
The publication of “Completeness of Performance” star rating information
differs slightly between each Breed Society, however the “Completeness
of Performance” star rating is generally provided to each herd within their
“Completeness of Performance” report, plus displayed on the member
enquiry facility within each breed’s online database system. Users have the
ability to limit animal and EBV searches based on a herd’s star rating.
For more information please contact:
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Australia
Each herd receives a star rating
on a 0 - 5 scale (including
half stars) that summarises
the “completeness” of their
performance information
STAR RATINGS
Ph: +61 (2) 6773 3555
Fax: +61 (2) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Web: http://breedplan.une.edu.au

from the BREEDPLAN suite of genetic Tools
Selection
Indexes
Selection Indexes allow you to make balanced
selection decisions. They take the hard work
out of knowing how much emphasis to put on
each individual trait by ranking animals on their
overall genetic value for a particular production
system.
Selection Indexes are calculated using the BreedObject software
that has been developed by the Animal Genetics and Breeding
Unit (AGBU) at the University of New England. BreedObject
combines the BREEDPLAN EBVs of an animal with an economic
weighting on each individual trait (based on costs of production
and returns on output) to produce a single selection index value
for each animal.
Selection Indexes enable cattle producers to make “balanced”
selection decisions, by taking into account the relevant growth,
carcase, birth and fertility attributes of each animal, to identify the
animal that is most profitable for a particular production system.
What Selection Indexes are Available?
Selection Indexes are now calculated for most Breed Societies
conducting an across breed genetic evaluation with BREEDPLAN.
Selection Indexes are intended for use by both seedstock and
commercial producers, being designed to cater for the commercial
market production systems of general relevance in each particular
breed. A general description of the different Selection Indexes
that are available for each breed is available from the BREEDPLAN
website.
Individual seedstock producers also have the option of developing
their own customised index using herd-specific production
information and marketing goals. Further information about
developing customised indexes is available on the BreedObject
website (www.breedobject.com).
Display of Selection Indexes
An animal’s selection index value can effectively be interpreted
as its EBV for profitability in a particular commercial production
scenario and market. Ranking seedstock animals on their selection
index value sorts them based on their progeny’s expected
profitability for the targeted production system.
Selection index values are expressed as differences in “net profit
per cow mated” and reflect differences in profitability across the
entire production chain (i.e. from joining to slaughter). In indexes
designed for self-replacing production systems (Maternal) the long
term profit generated by the sire’s daughters is also included.

What Benefits do Selection Indexes have for
Individual Herds?
Selection Indexes enable individual beef breeders to:
n Create a ‘yardstick’ for an animal’s overall genetic merit that
can be used in association with the animal’s individual EBVs
to increase the accuracy of selection and speed up the rate
of genetic progress.
n Make simultaneous multi-trait selection for traits that may
vary in heritability, genetic variation, level of economic
importance and have antagonistic trait correlations.
n Measure and assess the genetic progress being achieved
(1) Profit Driver Graph
Example Selection Index
The following is an example of a selection index that has been
calculated for a Breed Society in Australia. The selection index reflects
differences in profitability per cow mated in a commercial herd
with a British cow base using European breed bulls and targeting
the production of grass-fed steers for the domestic trade. Steers are
pasture grown & finished weighing 430kg at 12 months. Daughters
are retained or sold for breeding so maternal traits are important.
The graphs illustrate the influence of (1) the different profit drivers
on the profitability of the commercial herd as calculcated by
BreedObject, (2) the subsequent emphasis that is placed on each
individual EBV and (3) the response to selection that would be
expected if animals were selected using this selection index.
For more information please contact:
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Australia
within their breeding program over time in terms of overall
commercial profitability.
What Benefits do Selection Indexes have for
Individual Breed Societies?
Selection Indexes enable each Breed Society to:
n Identify and disseminate bulls with the highest genetic
merit to commercial beef production operations.
n Measure and assess the overall genetic progress of animals
within their breed over time in terms of commercial
profitability.
(2) EBV Weighting Graph
(3) Predicted Response Graph
Ph: +61 (2) 6773 3555
Fax: +61 (2) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Web: http://breedplan.une.edu.au

from the BREEDPLAN suite of genetic Tools
Internet
Solutions
Internet Solutions is a web based service
developed by the Agricultural Business
Research Institute (ABRI) for application within
the livestock industry.
It allows breeders to instantly access detailed information
about registered animals, sale and semen catalogues,
exchange information with their Breed Society and access a
suite of BREEDPLAN related tools and services.
Internet Solutions services are now offered by more than 87
beef cattle Breed Societies in Australia, New Zealand, North
America, South Africa, Namibia, Argentina and the United
Kingdom; with more than 3 million transactions being
conducted every month.
What does Internet Solutions offer?
Internet Solutions is comprised of a number of different
services:
n Animal/EBV/Member Enquiry:
A complete electronic herdbook is made available online for
each particular Breed Society. This facility provides access to
animal, EBV and member information as it is recorded on
the Breed Society database. A powerful search engine has
also been incorporated to allow users to search on a variety
of criteria including animal tag, breeder, birth year, sex, EBVs
and selection index values.
n Sale Catalogues:
Online sale catalogues are made available for single-vendor
auction, multi-vendor auction & private treaty sales. As
with the animal/EBV/member enquiry facilities, a powerful
search engine has also been incorporated that provides
users with powerful search and enquiry capabilities both
within and across catalogues.
n Semen Catalogues:
Online semen catalogues are made available providing a
valuable service to the AI industry. This service has similar
functionality to the sale catalogue facility.
n Mating Predictor:
A simple EBV calculator. Users can specify a mating or range
of matings and this facility will calculate the expected EBVs,
EBV accuracies and BreedObject Selection Index values of
the progeny. This facility also includes the calculation of
an Inbreeding Coefficient, which gives an indication of the
amount of inbreeding expected in the progeny from the
mating specified.
n File Download:
Breed Society members can access a secure member
specific area by entering through a secure login site.
Members can then access and download a range of files
that have been prepared for them by either their Breed
Society or the BREEDPLAN office.
n Online Transactions:
Members of the Breed Society can access a range of data
entry functions that enable them to submit information to
either their Breed Society or BREEDPLAN. Specifically, users
have the ability to enter calf recording/registration details,
inventory updates/cow fates & performance information.

Benefits of Internet Solutions:
Internet Solutions allows individual beef producers to:
n Access detailed information about individual animals pedigree,
EBVs and disease status, and member contact details.
n Use powerful search engines to search and sort animals across
breed on a range of criteria.
n View sale and semen catalogues in an interactive format.
n Calculate mid-parent EBVs and expected inbreeding using
mate prediction software.
n Submit and download Breed Society and BREEDPLAN information.
Display the EBVs of all the
animals in the catalogue
View more detailed information about the animal’s
pedigree, EBVs, breeder details and recorded traits by
clicking on the animal’s name
Search or sort the catalogue on
animal ID, age, EBVs, dam,
disease status, etc
For more information please contact:
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Australia
Accessing Internet Solutions:
The Internet Solutions services can be accessed in a variety of
ways. From within a web browser, Internet Solutions services can
be accessed either from participating Breed Society websites
or directly from the BREEDPLAN website through the Database
Search tab. If using the Database Search tab option, users need
to select the Breed Society database which they wish to access.
Users will be taken directly to the EBV enquiry page from which
they can navigate to other parts of Internet Solutions by clicking
on one of the tabs displayed at the top of the screen.
Example Internet Solutions Screen
View photos of the
animal
View semen catalogues
like this one online
View detailed information about the animal’s
sire and grandsire by clicking on their names
Ph: +61 (2) 6773 3555
Fax: +61 (2) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Web: http://breedplan.une.edu.au

from the BREEDPLAN suite of genetic Tools
GeneProb
GeneProb amplifies the use of DNA test results
to create breed wide benefits and management
solutions for genetic conditions and simple
qualitative traits.
GeneProb utilises the basic principles of inheritance to estimate
the probabilities of specific genes being present in a wider,
related population than the animals with DNA test results
available. It allows registered breeders to focus on animals that
need testing, instead of blindly testing all animals.
The most common use of GeneProb is to track recessive
genetic conditions but it can also be used to track genes of
interest such as the genes for coat colour or polledness. The
GeneProb software was developed by Prof Brian Kinghorn
and Dr Richard Kerr at the University of New England in
Armidale, Australia and is licensed for commercialisation to the
Agricultural Business Research Institute (ABRI).
What does GeneProb do?
GeneProb uses known DNA test results for a nominated
gene and combines this with pedigree information stored
on Breed Society databases to calculate the probability of
alleles (different forms of the gene) being present in untested
animals. GeneProb is commonly used to:
n Track recessive genetic conditions such as Osteopetrosis
(OS), Alpha Mannosidosis (MA), Arthogryposis Multiplex
(AM), Contractural Arachnodactyly (CA) and Neuropathic
Hydrocephalus (NH).
n Track genes of interest like the genes for coat colour or
polledness.
n Report the probability of the animal being a carrier of the
nominated gene mutation.
Display of GeneProb Results
GeneProb results can be provided to both Breed Societies and
individual seedstock herds in a number of paper and electronic
forms. Many Breed Societies currently using GeneProb software
display results for each animal on their online database facility
while providing members with specific csv files that contain
the results for all animals owned or bred within their herd.
Figure 1. Example GeneProb Results for an Individual Animal
Genetic Test Codes: (MAFU) (OS50%) (NH1%)(AMFU)
The figure above indicates that based on the DNA results for
the relatives of the animal, this animal has a 50% probability of
being an OS carrier, 1% probability of being an NH carrier and
is expected to be free but has not been directly tested for MA
and AM.

What benefits does GeneProb have for
Individual Herds?
GeneProb allows individual herds to:
n Better identify animals within their herd that need testing,
instead of blindly testing all animals.
n Manage the spread of undesirable or desirable genes
within their herd.
_ _F
_ _C
_ _ _ %
_ _FU
_ _A
Indicates that the sample submitted for this animal has been tested and found to be free
of the causative mutation responsible for the indicated genetic condition. This animal is
homozygous free, meaning that it has two copies of the normal variant (or allele) of the
gene. Eg. AMF
Indicates that the sample submitted for this animal has been tested and found to be a
carrier of the causative mutation responsible for the indicated genetic condition. This
animal is heterozygous for the mutation, meaning that it has one mutant allele and one
normal allele. This animal could pass the mutation to approximately half of its progeny.
Eg. AMC
Indicates that, based on pedigree information supplied by the breeder of the animal, the
animal has a chance to be a carrier of the mutation responsible for the indicated genetic
condition but has not been tested. The higher the indicated percentage, the larger the
chance the animal may be a carrier. Breeders are recommended to test this animal for the
genetic condition prior to using this animal in a breeding program. Eg. AM45%
Indicates that, based on pedigree information supplied by the breeder of the animal,
the animal is expected to be free of the mutation responsible for the indicated genetic
condition but has not been tested. Eg. AMFU
Indicates that the sample submitted for this animal has been tested and found to be
affected by the genetic condition. This animal is homozygous for the mutation responsible
for the indicated genetic condition and have two copies of the mutant variant of the gene.
Eg. AMA
For more information please contact:
BREEDPLAN
C/- ABRI
University of New England
Armidale NSW 2351
Australia
What benefits does GeneProb have for
Individual Breed Societies?
GeneProb enables each Breed Society to:
Explanation of GeneProb Results
n Monitor the prevalence of genetic conditions within their
breed.
n Maximise the usefulness of the DNA test results stored on
Breed Society databases, whilst minimising the number of
extra animals that need testing.
Ph: +61 (2) 6773 3555
Fax: +61 (2) 6772 5376
Email: breedplan@abri.une.edu.au
Web: http://breedplan.une.edu.au

Profit Through Science - Why you should be utilizing 50K
testing?
Introduction
Artificial selection of cattle has been practiced for centuries using a variety of
methods and tools. Early selection was based on visual observations that
eventually lead to the development of breeds with a concentration of specific
traits. Selection was practiced on measured phenotypic traits to improve
production but success depends on the heritability of the trait. A big breakthrough
in selection tools was the development of statistical methodologies and computer
hardware, capable of handling large data sets, to estimate the breeding values of
cattle, a tool known Expected Progeny Differences (EPD). Widespread usage of
EPDs in the seed stock and commercial beef sectors has lead to great increases
in the genetic propensity of beef cattle for a variety of traits like calving ease,
growth, birth and weaning weight and carcass composition.
The accuracy of an individual EPDs is based on the amount of information used
to estimate that EPD for an individual. Young, unproven bulls therefore have
EPDs with low accuracy values that change over time as more data is collected
on the bull. As more data is collected on a bull, particularly progeny information,
the accuracy value rises and possible change reduces. Commercial bull buyers
do not have the advantage of seeing their natural service sires increase in
accuracy and thus tools that could increase yearling bull accuracies would be
advantageous.
Based on new discoveries the beef industry soon developed genomic based
predictors for a limited number of traits, initially reported as candidate genes. As
genomics technology advanced it became increasingly tempting to to predict that
one day a drop of blood or a hair follicle could be analyzed to reveal all
information about an animal to make completely informed selection decisions.
Despite considerable progress in the arena of genomics based selection tools,
genomics has not developed into a standalone tool to replace EPDs.
It seems the more we know about bovine genomics the more questions we have
about how to properly use the information in selection decisions. It is essential to
determine how genomic information can be successfully utilized in selection
programs for specific breeds, identify challenges associated with genomic
technology and outline promising potentials for its future use.
How to move foreword towards genomic values and genetic
enhanced EBVs
1. Parentage
A critical factor in estimating reliable EPDs is the proper determination of
parentage. Errors in pedigree structure may have significant negative impacts on

the reliability of genetic evaluation in which they are used and the potential
genetic gains (Geldermann et al., 1986; Israel and Weller, 2000). Increases in
misidentification of an animal’s parentage results in progressively more biased
estimates of genetic parameters and this bias severely compromises potential
genetic gains from selection (Van Vleck, 1970; Senneke et al., 2004). Incorrect
pedigree information, or the breaking of genetic ties, leads to a decreased
estimate of heritability and incorrect estimates of EPDs particularly for individuals
with incorrect parentage. By utilizing DNA technology to determine parentage
these inaccuracies can be greatly diminished.
To move towards genetic EBVs, it is essential to unequivocally confirm the
parentage of the progeny, especially form the population of animals used to
predict the genomic breeding values.
2. Qualitative Traits (Identifying Carriers)
Markers for many qualitative traits (traits controlled by a single pair of genes
that have simple recessive inheritance) such as coat color, horned/polled and
a variety of genetic defects have been identified and are commercially
available. This technology can now be used to identify cattle that are carriers
of recessive genes facilitating selection against the carriers, if desired; or
make more informed mating decisions. There are certainly some convenience
and potentially economic benefits to producing an all polled calf crop or calves
with a uniform coat color. However, the greatest value of these tests is to
identify and manage lethal recessives; this technology has saved the beef
industry large amounts of revenue, examples include Pompes disease and
Congenital Myasthenia Syndrome (CMS) in Brahman cattle , Arthrogryposis
Multiplex (AM) and Hydrocephalus (NH) in Angus . Within a relatively short
time after each defect was identified, genomic markers were identified to
clearly distinguish heterozygous (carrier) animals from those that were
homozygous normal. Breeding with carrier animals can be managed to
eliminate carrier progeny without the complete elimination of a prominent line
of Brahman and Angus cattle, thus generating immeasurable value to the beef
industry.
3. Quantitative Traits
Commercially available tools have been developed to select cattle for quantitative
traits (traits controlled by multiple pairs of genes and influenced by the
environment). Breeding values based on genomics information for a variety of
traits are now available from multiple commercial companies and can be used as
selection tools. However, there is no evidence to suggest that these tools provide
a better selection tool than EPDs and the likely best use of this information is to
combine it with phenotypic information in a genetic evaluation to compute
genomically enhanced EPDs.
There are four basic ways of combining genomic and phenotypic information into
a single selection tool:

1. The first method is to compute independent values, both EPDs and molecular
breeding values (MBVs), and to then include both pieces of information in a
selection index whereby each “trait” is weighted proportionally to the respective
amount of genetic variation.
2. A second approach is through genomic relationships whereby marker
information is used to fit a genomic relationship matrix (relationship among
animals at the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) level) that is used to
augment estimated relationships based on pedigree information. For this method
it is necessary to know the actual SNP genotypes rather than having a marker
score or MBV. This method is currently being used in dairy genetic evaluations.
3. The first method deployed by the beef industry, and which is currently used by
the Angus breeders in America and Australia, is the correlated trait approach
similarly to the way ultrasound information is utilized in a multiple trait model in
the estimation of EPDs for carcass traits. As the genetic correlation between the
indicator trait, MBVs in this case, and the trait of interest increases so does the
EPD accuracy, particularly for younger (lower accuracy) animals.
4. The final method is to treat MBVs as if they were external EPDs (EPDs from
an animal that is external to the population or breed). This method is currently
being used by the American Simmental Association and allows for MBVs to
influence the accuracy of EPDs differently for each animal due to the relationship
between the animal with the MBV and the training population.
3. Adoption of Molecular Information
Although genomic information has the potential to generate value for each sector
of the beef cattle industry, it must have an economic driver outside of seedstock
advertisement. The value distribution among sectors (seed stock, commercial,
feedlot, processing) will differ depending upon marketing, with fully integrated
operations having the greatest opportunity to claim the return on investment.
Using genomic tests to increase the accuracy of selection in the nucleus seed
stock sector has the potential to generate large returns throughout all sectors.
Improving the accuracy of EPDs on elite young seedstock animals will accelerate
the rate of genetic gain and impact the genetic merit of many descendants,
thereby amplifying the value of each unit of genetic improvement. The economic
value resulting from increases in productivity via improvements in net genetic
merit may be captured by the beef industry through a variety of methods. Some
of the improved economic value will be captured through improvements in sector
specific economically-relevant traits. Genetic improvements that result in
improved production efficiencies through more successful reproduction (more
calves per cow exposed), growth (more pay weight) and end product merit (value
to consumers) yield improved revenue streams through the value chain based on
existing pricing mechanisms in the market. Bulls used by the commercial sector
may support higher testing costs due to the seed stock sector’s ability to
demonstrate and capture the value of improved genetic merit. In contrast, genetic
tests for selection of animals in the commercial sector will need to be
inexpensive, or have large returns, because commercial animals produce fewer
descendants from which to recoup testing costs.

At the current time the costs of genomics testing tend to exceed the value that is
returned to any single sector. The current marketing structure is for seed stock
producers to collect DNA for pedigree verification, genetic defect testing and
possibly genomic enhanced EPDs and should pass that cost on through higher
bull prices. Obtaining further genomics information results in re-collection and
extraction of genomics information at additional costs to the new owner. Perhaps
a better economic model could be developed so that cattle would be genotyped
once early in life and genotypes shared among production sectors to derive the
maximum value from the DNA collection and extraction costs incurred. Groups
that can organize themselves to take advantage of the rapidly-declining cost of
genotyping and capture the cumulative supply chain value derived from using
genomics information for multiple purposes (traceability, parentage, genetic
defects, selection, MAM, product differentiation), will be ideally positioned to fully
realize the nascent potential of genomic information (Van Eenennaam and Drake,
2011).
Initiative for genomic testing in South African and Namibian
Brahman cattle.
As the road to genetic enhanced Breeding Values is a very costly exercise, all the
preparations should be thoroughly planned and clearly understood,
A suggested strategy can include the following steps:
1. Identify at least 500 of the most influential Brahman bulls in South Africa and
Namibia. Collect enough genetic material for storage and use (hair samples
and semen). These animals can form the basis of the learning population
required in the first step in genomic testing.
2. Confirm the breeding of the 500 most influential bulls’ progeny unequivocally
(sire and dam)
3. Update the breeding values to ensure the accuracy of all their EBVs.
4. Identify all other animals with accurate EBVs (above 80%) influencing various
herds in the two countries. Collect hair samples / semen for storage and use
in the “teaching” population.
5. Once the above mentioned have been completed, the most desired traits of
economic importance for the Brahman breed must be identified, for example
feed efficiency, fertility, calving ease, carcass traits, birth and weaning
weights.
6. The actual testing using the 50K or alternatively 700K Illumina chip can be
completed, the raw data received and stored in the A, B, O notation for use in
predictive equations. (The actual costs of he alternative “chips” MUST first be
confirmed and documented)
7. Once all the data from the 500 animal “learning” population has been verified,
a prediction equation using the most appropriate Bayesian method can be
used to predict genetic values from the markers.
8. The genetic values must then be integrated with the phenotypic data (EBVs)
to obtain genetic EBVs

9. It must be noted that in cattle, the markers track round 80% of the genetic
variance. The genetic EBVs degenerate over time and generations and must
continually be updated incorporating the new values generated from
additional animals.
References:
Geldermann, H., U. Pieper and W. E. Weber. 1986. Effect of misidentification on
the estimation of breeding value and heritability in cattle. J Anim Sci 63:1759-
1768.
Israel, C. and J. I. Weller. 2000. Effect of misidentification on genetic gain and
estimation of breeding value in dairy cattle populations. J Dairy Sci 83:181-187.
Van Eenennaam, A. L., and D. J. Drake. 2011. Where in the beef cattle supply
chain might DNA tests generate value? Anim Prod Sci 52(3) 185-196.

Beef CRC delivers
genomic predictions
to Breedplan
Making EBVs more
accurate
Prof Mike Goddard

Background
Some traits are due to a single gene
eg red vs black coat colour
horns vs polled?
Most important traits are quantitative or
complex traits controlled by many genes
and environmental factors
eg growth, fertility, carcase composition

Background
Traditional selection uses performance and
pedigree to calculate EBVs

performance
pedigree EBVs

Background
Traditional selection based on performance and pedigree
works
Slow for some traits
Cow fertility, beef quality
Genetic variation due to differences in DNA sequence
CGCTATTG
CGCAATTG
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Background
Cant we select directly on DNA sequence variants that
alter important traits?
No!
We don’t know which SNPs cause an effect on
performance
We do have lots of random SNPs scattered all over the
genome
So every causal variant has a SNP near by that we can
genotype

DNA markers are located close
to genes for economic traits
C + common
G - common
C - rare
G + rare

Background
Use 100,000’s SNPs to track the causal variants and
predict BV for economic traits (Genomic selection)
Benefit greatest for traits that are hard to select for
traditionally
Carcase and meat quality
Feed conversion efficiency
Adaptation to tropics
Fertility
Polled

Adding DNA sequence data
to calculate more accurate
phenotype
pedigree
DNA
EBVs
EBVs

Gene Discovery - Aim
• Find genetic markers for economic traits (FCE, meat and
carcase quality, reproduction)
• Path to market
– markers typed by DNA service companies
calculate estimated breeding values (EBVs)

This presentation
Research Strategy
Results
Commercialisation
Future

Complex traits
Research Strategy
Discovery or training population
Genotype with SNP chip and record trait
Estimate prediction equation
Validation population
Test accuracy of prediction equation

Genotyping
Number of cattle genotyped by different SNP panels
SNP panel Number genotyped
700k 1698
50k 9208
7k 2313
10k 317
Total 14536

Genotyping
Number of cattle genotyped by different SNP panels
Breed Number Breed Number
Angus 1914 Belmont Red 764
Charolais 13 Brahman 5040
Hereford 751 Brahman cross 561
Limousin 62 Droughtmaster 464
Murray Grey 251 Santa Gertrudis 1566
Shorthorn 876 Tropical Composite 1902

Genotyping
Number of cattle with genotypes and phenotypes
Feed conversion efficiency 4559
Tenderness 6151
Fat depth 5162
Marbling (IMF%) 6267
Eye Muscle area 4905
Carcase weight 6811
Hip height 6668
Live weight 10690
Female fertility 4832
Male fertility 1124

Genotyping
Impute 700k genotypes on all animals
7k 50k 700k
Using cattle of the same breed with 700k genotypes as a
reference
Agreement between imputed genotypes and real genotypes
90%

Can we distinguish breeds
by SNP genotypes

Can we find the
genes?

Prediction equations

Prediction equations

PLAG1
Previously discovered in
Holstein x Jerseys
Can we find the
genes
Affects mature size, fatness,
age at puberty and NFI
Introgressed from Bos taurus
Cattle into Brahmans and inadvertently
Selected by Brahman breeders

HMGA2
Gene Knock out in mice
causes pygmy mice with
reduced fat
In humans SNP causes
variation in height

HMGA2
Causes variation in NFI

Yes
But
Can we find the
genes?
There are too many!

Can we find the
genes?

Prediction equations
Predict the trait using all 700,000 SNPs
One prediction equation for all breeds
Test the prediction in a different group of cattle
(Validation)
Validate in cattle from different sires to those used to
find prediction equations
Calculate the accuracy of the prediction equation
(correlation between predicted BV and true BV)

Prediction accuracy
Trait Accuracy
FCE 0.43
Tenderness 0.33
Fat depth 0.27
Marbling 0.30
EMA 0.16
Carcase weight 0.30
Hip height 0.36
Live weight 0.36
Age at puberty (heifers)0.30
Cow fertility 0.20 to 0.35
Age at puberty (bulls) 0.28
Semen quality 0.31

Prediction accuracy
Trait Angus Hereford Brahman TC
Tenderness 0.20 0.37 0.41 0.39
Weight 0.27 0.26 0.44 0.48

Future Validation
Industry sires 1500
Industry young animals 3000
BINs
Canadian 3901
Dairy cattle

Outcome
Commercialisation
BREEDPLAN EBVs that incorporate DNA data and
are as accurate as possible

Two Models
Commercialisation
1. Genomics company genotypes selection
candidates, applies own prediction equation
MBV which is sent to Breedplan
2. Genomics company genotypes selection
candidates and sends raw genotypes to
Breedplan who apply prediction equation MBV
which is incorporated into Breedplan EBVs

Commercialisation
Beef CRC supports both models
1. Give our prediction equation to Genomics
companies
2. Give our prediction equation to Breedplan

Commercialisation
Cattle breeder
Take hair root sample (DNA)
Send to lab
Genotypes prediction
Breedplan EBV

How to use
Bull Breeders and bull buyers
Just select on EBVs as before!
Opportunity to improve
Fertility of cows and bulls
FCE
Tenderness
Marbling

Value to industry
More accurate EBVs used to select bulls
Accuracy of BV for $ increases from 0.3 to 0.4
Current genetic gain = $2/cow-year/year
NPV = $ 1B
Increase by 33%
NPV = $ 333 M

Value to stud breeder
More accurate EBVs
especially for FCE, meat quality, carcase, fertility
Retain best bulls for use on stud
Sell bulls with more accurate EBVs
Cull worst bulls
Value = $100 to $600 per bull tested

Future Research(post CRC)
Increase accuracy of EBVs from 0.4 to 0.6
Increase number of cattle with phenotypes and genotypes
Sequence genome instead of SNP genotypes
Include biological information
Find causal genes and mutations
Combine with Dairy and overseas databases
Better methods to calculate EBVs from DNA data

Conclusions
CRC has delivered prediction equations to Breedplan
EBVs that incorporate DNA information
increased accuracy for hard to improve traits

POMPE SE SIEKTE
Pompe se siekte is ‘n glukogeen stoor siekte. Die omsetting van glukogeen
na glukose word deur die ensiem suur alfa-glukosidase gekataboliseer. ‘n
Defek in die werking van hierdie ensiem het tot gevolg glukogenese wat lei tot
algemene spierswakheid en progressiewe agteruitgang. Kalwers met hierdie
siekte het ‘n lewensverwagting van minder as 12 maande.
Pompe se siekte is ‘n autosomaal ressesiewe geërfde toestand. Dit het tot
gevolg dat draers nie aangetas is nie en normal kan presteer. Kruising van
twee draers het egter ‘n 25% kans om aangetaste nageslag te teel. Om
hierdie rede is dit belangrik om die status van stoet teeldiere te ken en om
hierdie kennis aan te wend om ingeligte teelbesluite te neem.
Autosomaal resessiewe oorerwing het die volgende eienskappe:
Defektiewe gene moet van beide ouers oorgedra word vir ‘n
aangetasde nageslag.
Beide ouers moet draers van die siekte wees om aangetasde nageslag
te teel.
‘n Draer ouer kan slegs onaangetasde of draer nageslag teel
saammet nie draer diere.
Onaangetasde (nie-draer) ouers kan net onaangetasde nageslag teel.
Indien die nageslag van ‘n kruising tussen twee draer beeste of ‘n
draer en nie-draer bees bewys word om nie ‘n defektiewe geen te dra
nie, eindig die moontlikheid vir die siekte in die nageslag met daardie
kalf.
Skematiese voorstel van oorerwing
Kruising: Draer x draer
Segregasie
Bul (draer) Koei (draer)
(A) Defektiewe geen Normale geen (N) (A) Defektiewe geen Normale geen (N)
A N A N
AA NA AN NN
Dus:
25% kans op aangetasde nageslag (AA)
50% kans op draer nageslag (NA; AN)
25% kans op normale “skoon” nageslag (NN)

Kruising: Draer x Onaangetasde dier
Bul (draer) Koei (nie-draer)
(A) Defektiewe geen Normale geen (N) (N) Normale geen .Normale geen (N)
Segregasie
A N N N
AN NN AN NN
Dus:
50% kans op draer nageslag (AN)
50% kans op normale “skoon” nageslag (NN)
Raadgewing uit ‘n genetiese oogpunt:
Suiwer uit ‘n wetenskaplike en genetiese oogpunt sou die raadgewing as volg
wees:
Ken die status vir Pompe se siekte van al die diere wat in stoetteling
gebruik word.
Doen slegs kruisings en lynteling met diere wat nie draers vir Pompe
se siekte is nie, of tussen ‘n draer dier en ‘n nie-draer “skoon” dier.
Indien teling geskied tussen ‘n draer dier en ‘n nie-draer dier, bevestig
die status van die nageslag vir toekomstige teling met daardie
nageslag.
Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat draers vir Pompe se siekte “normale”
diere is met ‘n normale prestasie wat nie sal verskil van nie-draer skoon diere
nie.
DNA toetse kan aangevra word deur die gennootskap of deur Unistel
Geneeskundige Laboratoriums. ‘n Haarmonster (±30-50 haarwortels), of
semen, of bloed (in ‘n perspropbuis) kan gebruik word vir DNA toetse.

KONGENITALE MYASTHENIA BY BRAHMAN BEESTE
Kongenitale Myasthenia Sindroom (KMS) is ‘n auto-immune toestand wat
gekenmerk word deur variërende progressiewe algemene spierswakheid.
Hierdie spierswakheid word veroorsaak deur defektiewe senu-spier oordrag.
Hierdie skaars siekte is ‘n autosomaal resessiewe geërfde siekte en slegs
diere wat ‘n dubbel dosis van die defektiewe gene erf, sal aangetas wees.
Diere met slegs een defektiewe geen is draers van die siekte, is nie aangetas
nie en hul prestasie word geensins beïnvloed nie.
Geaffekteerde diere met CMS moet hand gevoer word, presteer gewoonlik
uiters swak en moet gewoonlik van kant gemaak word.
Autosomaal resessiewe oorerwing het die volgende eienskappe:
Defektiewe gene moet van beide ouers oorgedra word vir ‘n
aangetasde nageslag.
Beide ouers moet draers van die siekte wees om aangetasde nageslag
te teel.
‘n Draer ouer kan slegs onaangetaste of draer nageslag teel.
Onaangetaste (nie-draer) ouers kan net onaangetaste nageslag teel.
Indien die nageslag van ‘n kruising tussen twee draer beeste of ‘n
draer en nie-draer bees bewys word om nie ‘n defektiewe geen te dra
nie, eindig die moontlikheid vir die siekte in die nageslag met daardie
kalf.
Skematiese voorstel van oorerwing
Kruising: Draer x draer
Segregasie
Bul (draer) Koei (draer)
Defektiewe geen Normale geen Defektiewe geen Normale geen
A N A N
AA NA AN NN
Dus:
25% kans op aangetasde nageslag
50% kans op draer nageslag
25% kans op normale “skoon” nageslag

Kruising: Draer x Onaangetasde dier
Bul (draer) Koei (nie-draer)
Defektiewe geen Normale geen Normale geen .Normale geen
Segregasie
A N N N
AN NN AN NN
Dus:
50% kans op draer nageslag
50% kans op normale “skoon” nageslag
Raadgewing uit ‘n genetiese oogpunt:
Suiwer uit ‘n wetenskaplike en genetiese oogpunt sou die raadgewing as volg
wees:
Ken die status vir KMS van al die diere wat in stoet teling gebruik word.
Doen slegs kruisings en lyn teling met diere wat nie draers vir KMS is
nie, of tussen ‘n draer dier en ‘n nie-draer “skoon” dier.
Indien teling geskied tussen ‘n draer dier en ‘n nie-draer dier, bevestig
die status van die nageslag vir toekomstige teling met daardie
nageslag.
Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat draers vir KMS “normale” diere het met ‘n
normale prestasie wat nie sal verskil van nie-draer skoon diere nie.
DNA toetse kan aangevra word deur die genootskap vir Unistel
Geneeskundige Laboratoriums. ‘n Haar monster (±30-50 haarwortels), of
semen, of bloed (in ‘n perspropbuis) kan gebruik word vir DNA toetse.

INFORMASIE OOR “CURLY CALF” SINDROOM
“Curly calf” sindroom is ‘n dodelike genetiese defek wat geidentifiseer is in vleisbeeste.
Kalwers word doodgebore en het ‘n verdraaide of geboë rugraat asook ledemate wat
verleng en saamgetrek is, vandaar die naam “curly calf” sindroom. Die wetenskaplike naam
vir hierdie letale genetiese defek staan bekend as Arthrogryposis Multiplex (AM), waar die
term AM ‘n Griekse afleiding is vir geboë of krom gewrigte. Die kongenitale defek is ontdek
in die Angus ras en kan geneties terug gespoor word na ‘n sekere populêre bul genaamd
GAR Precision 1680. Die wyse van oorerwing van die toestand is ‘n eenvoudige
resessiewe geen wat soorgelyk is aan die tipe oorwerwing wat in pelskleur vir swart en rooi
beeste asook die poenskop geen plaasvind. Diere met slegs een kopie van die AM geen en
een kopie van die normale geen kom normaal voor en staan bekend as draers. Draers is
normaal en presteer so goed soos nie-draers (onaangetasde diere), maar wanneer twee
draers geteel word is daar ‘n 25% kans vir ‘n aangetaste nageslag. 50% van hierdie
nageslag staan ‘n kans om draers te wees van die AM geen en slegs 25% van die
nageslag staan ‘n kans om “skoon” of onaangetas te wees. Die toestand kan slegs
uitgedruk word wanneer ‘n individu homosigoties vir die AM geen vir die eienskap is. Dit wil
se beide gene moet AM gene wees in die aangetaste kalf.
‘n DNA gebaseerde toets is beskikbaar om individue te identifiseer wat een of geen kopieë
van die AM geen besit. Diere wat geen AM gene besit word aangewys as AMV (AM Vry).
Nie all diere hoef getoets te word nie, slegs die met voorouers wat bekende draers is. Op
hierdie wyse word die kanse vir “curly calf” sindroom uitgeskakel in ‘n teelprogram.
Voorbeelde van aangetaste kalwers:
http://sl.farmonline.com.au/news
Toetse vir AM kan verwys word na Unistel Diere Dienste:
Vir verdere inligting kontak Dr. M. P. Marx: mpm@sun.ac.za; Tel: 021 9389213

Dieredienste / Animal Services
‘n Divisie van Unistel Geneeskundige Laboratoriums / A division of Unistel Medical Laboratories
Brangus Telersvereniging / Brangus Breeders Society
Toetse vir die E7 mutasie van Pompe se siekte, KMS, DNA Profiele en teling
validasie sal aan alle Brangustelers wat hulle volle kudde wil toets aangebied word
teen ‘n spesiale prys van R145 per dier (BTW uitgesluit). ‘n Verdere 5% afslag sal
toegestaan word vir betaling binne 14 dae na fakturering.
Tests for the E7 mutation of Pompe’s disease, CMS, DNA Profiles and parent
verification wil be available to all Brangus breeders at a special price of
R145/animal (VAT excluded) IF they do complete herd testing. A further 5%
discount will be granted if payment is received within 14 days of invoicing.
Unistel Dieredienste verserker hul beste diens ten alle tye.
Unistel Animal Services ensure their best service at all times.
US Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical Building, Room 2128, Tygerberg, 7505, RSA
Suite 13, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley, 7536, RSA.
+ 27 21 – 9389213/4, + 27 21 - 9320065
Directors: HC Viljoen (Chairman), MP Marx (Managing Director), C Aalbers, HJ Pearce, CHJ van Greune, P Fourie

Dieredienste
Brangus volle kudde toetsing.
Hierdie bestelvorm MOET te alle tye die monster/s vergesel.
Kontakpersoon:
E-Pos:
Tel: (H): (W):
Sel:
TOETS BESKIKBARE TOETS
No.
Suid Afrika
UF/TEC/012A
EIENAAR INLIGTING BETALING DEUR
ID-nommer:
Vereniging:
Naam:
Slegs indien vooraf met vereniging gereël is.
Lidnommer:
Eienaar:
Maatskappy:
Inbetaling
Bankbesonderhede: Standard Bank
BTW-no:
Takkode: 050410
Posadres:
Rek no: 041925858
Rekeningnaam: Unistel Geneeskundige Laboratorium
Deposito-verwysing: Eienaar se naam / faktuurno.
Tjek aangeheg
Tjeks aan: Unistel Geneeskundige Laboratorium
1 DNA-profiel alleen
sluit ouerskapbepaling in
2
3
4
3 in 1: DNA+Pompe’s (E7 mutasie+KMS)
3 in 1: DNA+Pompe’s
(E7 + E13 mutasie + KMS)
Bulldog / Dexter Toets
Freemartin (bloedmonster benodig)
Handtekening: _____________________
PRYS/EENHEID
(BTW uitgesluit)
R 115
R145
R155
R150
5 Igenity Melkprofiel (Bul) R790
6 Igenity Melkprofiel (Koei) R560
7 Igenity Vleisprofiel (Bul / Koei) R900
8 Genestar (MVP’s) R840
9
Ander Toetse
(bv. Haarkleur, Poena (taurus en indicus),
BLAD, Melkgehalte,Arthrogryposis
Multiplex, Trichomoniasis Faetalis
Beskikbaar op
aanvraag
AANTAL
MONSTERS
Posadres: Suite 13, Privaatsak X22 BTW
Tygervallei, 7536 TOTAAL
TOTAAL
Resultate na: Vereniging Eienaar Kontakpersoon
Hiermee aanvaar ek die instruksies en bepalings uiteengesit en gee ek toestemming dat alle DNA data in
die databasis van Unistel Dieredienste opgeneem mag word.
Handtekening: Datum: jj j
mm dd
Ontvang deur:
MONSTERONTVANGS BY UNISTEL (KANTOORGEBRUIK)
Datum ontvang: jj j m dd Tyd ontvang:
Bestelvorm vir Diertoetse

Teel met Brangus •• Teeldoelwitte
‘n Ras sonder teeldoelwitte is rigtingloos en verlore. Die Raad, telers en kenners het op ‘n Bosberaad te Parys ‘n profiel
opgestel van hoe die ideale Brangus se visuele eienskappe (Liniere stelsel 1-9 met 5 as ideal) en volgens BLUP
teelwaardes moet lyk. Hierdie is ‘n goed gebalanseerde kombinasie van funksionele eien-skappe en teelwaardes van
ekonomiese belangrike eienskappe wat gebaseer is op:
• Behoeftes van die komersiële vleisbeesboer
• Die bestaande rasstandaarde
• Om die goeie eienskappe waarvoor die Brangus bekend is verder uit te bou en om enige negatiewe eienskappe aan te
spreek
Die Suid Afrikaanse Brangus word beskryf as ‘n ras wat:
• Poenskop is
• Aanpasbaar is (reproduseer gereeld) onder ‘n wye verskeidenheid van toestande
• Ligte geboorte gewigte het en doeltreffende medium raam koeie produseer wat meer as 46% van hul eie
liggaamsgewig speen en goeie moederlike eienskappe het met bo gemiddelde melk produksie
• Kalwers produseer met hoë speengewigte en goeie voeromset verhoudings
• Uitstekende vleis kwaliteit (sagtheid, oogspier, uitslag persentasie)
• Mak is (Makheids EBVs 2008)
Die Brangus teeldoelwit word as volg uiteengesit
A. Funksionele eienskappe wat deur die teler geëvalueer moet word by speen
1. Makheid
2. Skede lengte
3. Skede opening
Makheids punt
1. Mak Goeie geaardheid, sag, maklik hanteerbaar, staan en beweeg stadig met hantering,
onversteurd, bestendig, ietwat dooierig, pluk nie aan kopklem wanneer in drukgang, verlaat
drukgang kalm.
2. Rusteloos Stiller as gemiddeld maar ietwat rusteloos, mag koppig tydens hantering wees, mag
probeer om uit die drukgang te retireer, trek terug aan kopklem, swiep stert ietwat, verlaat
drukgang pront.
3. Senuagtig Tipiese temperament, hanteerbaar maar senuagtig en ongeduldig, matige graad van
worsteling, beweging en swiep van stert, druk en pluk aan kopklem, verlaat drukgang baie
lewendig.
4. Temperamenteel Skrikkerig en buite beheer, wil en worstel hewig, mag bulk en
skuim om bek, swiep stert deurgaans, ontlas en urineer tydens
hantering, hardloop waansinnig met omheinings langs en mag
spring wanneer individueel ingehok, vertoon ‘n lang “vlug” -
afstand en storm uit die drukgang.
5. Aggressief ⁄
Aggressive
Dieselfde simptome as by klassifikasie 4, maar met aggressiwiteit
daarby, angstig, uiters onrustig en gejaagd, spring en bulk terwyl
in drukgang, verlaat drukgang waansinnig en mag aanvalsgedrag
vertoon wanneer alleen hanteer word.

SKEDE- EN NAELKLASSIFIKASIE
SHEATH OPENING SCORE
1 Skede opening toon geen voue van die vel,
opening is altyd oop, merkabere prolapse
wat constant uithang
3 Skede opening toon voue van die vel,
opening is nie ten volle gesluit nie, prolapse
van minder as 7cm kan uithang maar die
dier moet in staat wees om dit heeltemal
terug te trek
5 Skede opening toon duidelike voue van die
vel, opening is digsluitend, prolaps van
minder as 5 cm kan uithang maar die dier
moet in staat wees om dit heeltemal terug te
trek
7 Skede opening toon duidelike voue van die
vel, opening is digsluitend, prolaps van
minder as 2 cm kan uithang maar die dier
moet in staat wees om dit heeltemal terug te
trek
9 Skede opening toon duidelike voue van die
vel, opening is digsluitend, geen prolapse
sigbaar
B. Funksionele eienskappe wat by keuring ge-evalueer moet word (18-36 ma)
1. Voorbene
2. Agterbene - syaansig
3. Agterbene - agteraansig
4. Koot gewrigte
C. Reproduksie verse moet voor die ouderdom van 39 maande kalf en daarna elke jaar
(Maximum 540 dae

D. Teelwaarde en lineêr punt doelwitte
Birth
Weight
(kg)
200-Day
Weight
(kg)
600-Day
Weight
(kg)
MCW
(kg)
200-Day
Milk (kg)
Scrotal
Size
(cm)
Top Value -2.9 +26 +52 +65 +10 +2.1
Top 1% -1.9 +21 +41 +51 +6 +1.2
Top 5% -0.8 +18 +35 +41 +5 +0.9
Top 10% -0.3 +16 +32 +37 +4 +0.7
Docility
(Score)
Sheath
Length
(Score)
Top 20% +0.3 +14 +28 +32 +4 +0.5 9 9
Top 30% +0.6 +13 +26 +29 +3 +0.4 8 8
Top 40% +0.9 +12 +24 +27 +3 +0.3 7 7
Top 50% +1.1 +11 +22 +25 +2 +0.2 6 6
Top 60% +1.4 +10 +21 +22 +2 +0.2 5 5 5
Top 70% +1.7 +9 +19 +20 +1 +0.1 4 4 4
Top 80% +2.0 +8 +17 +17 +1 +0.0 3 3 3
Top 90% +2.5 +6 +13 +12 -0 -0.2 2 2 2
Top 95% +3.0 +5 +11 +7 -2 -0.4 1 1 1
Top 99% +4.3 +2 +5 -2 -5 -1.0
Low
Value
+6.7 -4 -5 -19 -8 -2.2
Die ideale EBV aanbevelings en lineêre tellings vir die Brangus van die toekoms
Sheath
Opening
(Score)

Kuddeboek:
SP
A
B
C
INTERPRETEER JOU VEILING KATALOGUS
“Seleksie gebasseer op teelwaardes is 5-9 keer meer akuraat as enige ander vorm van seleksie” - Dr. J Cowley, VSA
Die identiteit van die dier.
Die akuraatheid van EBV’s is gebasseer op
die hoeveelheid informasie wat beskikbaar
is van die dier, die dier se naasverwantes
en nageslag:
< 50% = Laag
50-74% = Medium
75-90% = Medium Hoog
>90 % = Hoog
ANIMAL NAME
BUL
Kleur/Colour: BLACK
Ouderdom/Age: 34 mnde/mnts
Gebore/Born:
Kalwings/Calfs: 9
2003/09/02
Reg:1234567890 XX012345
Kuddeboek/Herdbook: Oek/Afc: 27 Maande/Months
C
Ikp/Icp: 371 Dae/Days
Days last calved:280 days
2012
Teelwaardes/
Breed values
Akkuraatheid/
Accuracy
Ras gemiddeld vir 2010
gebore kalwers/ Breed
average for 2010 born calves
Geboorte gewig/
Birth weight
Kleur: Rooi, Swart,
Brindle of Twee-Kleur
SELLER OF BREEDER’S NAME OF ANIMAL
Melk/
Milk
200 Dae/
Days
Lot. XX
-- 784E6 TRANSFORMER OF BRINKS
Bul/Sire: 803G3 BURTIN’S TRANSFORMER 803G3
-- 660285 BURTIN’S MISS MILKY WAY
-- KB9232M KEEVERSFONTEIN
Koei/Dam: KB9579 KEEVERSFONTEIN
KB8955 KEEVERSFONTEIN
400 Dae/
Days
600 Dae/
Days
Koei gewig/
Cow weight
Skrotum/
Scrotum
+5.1 +19 +27 +39 +1.9
76% 65% 65% 65% 70%
+1.1 +2 +11 +17 +22 +24 +0.3
NOTAS: KOMMENTAAR VAN VERKOPER OF TELER
Reproduksie Data:
Bul = Moer se Data
Vers = Moer se Data
Koei = Eie Data
Aanbevelings:
Interkalf periode < 450 days
Dae laas gekalf < 450 days
Interkalf periode = Dae laas gekalf as
die Moer ‘n embrio skenker is
Ouderdom van die dier.
Verse moet voor 39 maande oud kalf
RAS GEMIDDELDE VIR 2012
GEBOORTEGEWIG 32 KG
200 DAE GEWIG 220 KG
400 DAE GEWIG 292 KG
600 DAE GEWIG 493 KG
KOEI GEWIG 482 KG
SKROTUM 33.4 CM
Breeding Values (Genetic value of which half should be contributed to the progeny)
Breeding Values Are Always Compared To The Breed Average.
Geboortegewig = minder as 3.3 word aanbeveel
200 Dae Gewig = bo 4 word aanbeveel
600 Dae Gewig = bo 11 word aanbeveel
Volwasse Koei Gewig = waarde tussen 11 en 35 word aanbeveel
Melk = bo 0 word aanbeveel
Skrotum = bo 0 word aanbeveel

VOORBEELD 1 / EXAMPLE 1
12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 1
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Younger than 18 months *Calfbook*
DD081 F 30/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05126 +0.9 71% +8 54% +15 48% +17 52%
DD08282 F 13/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05127 +0.9 71% +12 55% +19 49% +23 52%
DD08287 F 19/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B JR0582
DD08289 F 23/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD04055 +1.0 73% +14 56% +21 48% +22 53%
DD08291 F 21/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05200 -3.7 68% -7 47% -3 40% -6 43%
DD08294 F 23/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 CFH00331 +4.5 75% +22 58% +31 51% +38 55%
DD08295 F 19/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 CFH97712 +3.1 54% +19 47% +27 42% +35 43%
DD08297 F 26/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05204 -0.7 68% +3 47% +8 40% +9 43%
DD08298 F 27/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0125 +0.9 73% +13 55% +22 48% +22 53%
DD083 F 04/10/08 12 0 0 0 0 R CFH03162 DD035 0.0 73% +15 55% +24 48% +26 53%
DD08300 F 30/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05104 -0.1 71% +12 53% +17 46% +19 49%
DD084 F 04/10/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0013 +2.0 75% +12 59% +19 51% +25 56%
DD0811 F 14/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD04043 +2.2 73% +16 56% +22 48% +24 53%
DD0812 F 15/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0282 +0.4 73% +13 55% +19 47% +22 50%
DD0815 F 26/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 V50563 +0.4 72% +6 55% +9 49% +13 50%
DD0821 F 19/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 R TX0213 L96222 +1.0 60% +11 55% +20 53% +24 51% +4 39%
DD0823 F 24/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 R TX0213 L96222 +1.0 60% +11 55% +20 53% +24 51% +4 39%
DD0825 F 02/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 R L00438 L96222 +1.3 60% +12 57% +24 55% +27 55% -4 47%
DD0827 F 12/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 R 135/P L95194 +0.5 59% +9 54% +16 45% +18 46% +3 36%
DD086 F 15/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD04060 -0.3 74% +9 57% +14 50% +15 55%
DD0841 F 03/12/08 10 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0260 +1.8 67% +18 52% +25 45% +28 50%
DD08278 M 28/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 B JR0580 R05113
DD08279 M 01/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0130 +10 44% +17 39% +19 39%
DD08284 M 13/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD04131 -0.8 72% +8 53% +14 44% +13 48%
DD08285 M 18/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0018 +3.2 73% +17 56% +24 48% +29 53%
DD08288 M 19/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD04129 +4.0 72% +18 53% +25 44% +31 48%
DD08290 M 20/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05112 +0.3 50% +7 43% +14 41% +18 43%
DD08292 M 21/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD0599 -2.8 71% +3 54% +7 47% +5 49%
DD08299 M 30/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0522 +2.3 73% +14 55% +21 47% +24 51%
DD0843 M 25/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05205 +7 31% +12 31% +14 30%
DD088 M 11/10/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0127 +0.4 73% +10 56% +15 48% +17 53%
DD0813 M 19/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B TX0576 DD05121 +0.7 70% +11 53% +18 47% +21 51%
DD0814 M 14/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD04045 +2.1 51% +17 45% +25 41% +31 45%
DD0817 M 25/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0328 +0.8 73% +13 56% +18 49% +20 54%
DD0818 M 02/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 CFH98274 +2.4 68% +16 57% +24 51% +23 54%
DD0820 M 04/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0112 +1.9 67% +19 53% +28 47% +35 51%
Not for inspection.
Nie vir inspeksie.

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 2
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Between 18 and 36 months *Calfbook*
DD07209 F 24/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 B DD04056 DD04055 +1.5 71% +12 59% +17 49% +23 52%
DD07211 F 27/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 B DD04056 DD04129 -0.4 70% +7 57% +11 45% +15 47%
DD07212 F 28/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 B DD04056 DD04043 +1.3 71% +12 59% +16 48% +20 52%
DD07213 F 31/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 B DD04056 DD04131 -1.6 70% +2 57% +7 45% +9 47%
DD07215 F 05/09/07 25 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0130 +0.2 72% +12 60% +19 50% +20 51%
DD07254 F 25/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 B DD04056 DD04060 +1.7 74% +10 62% +14 53% +21 56%
DD07226 F 13/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 B MM01844 DD0015 +2.0 74% +11 63% +23 56% +28 57%
DD07227 F 13/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R KB0469 KB95149 +1.2 74% +10 61% +15 50% +18 52%
DD07230 F 15/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0013 +1.5 75% +10 64% +17 54% +22 58%
DD07231 F 16/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 CFH99979 +1.2 75% +13 64% +19 54% +22 56%
DD07233 F 18/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 B DD04056 DD04039 +2.2 70% +12 58% +17 47% +24 51%
DD07246 F 02/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 CFH00331 +4.2 75% +19 63% +29 54% +35 57%
DD07258 F 23/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 B DD031 DD0311 +2.9 73% +17 62% +24 53% +35 55%
DD07267 F 12/11/07 23 0 0 0 0 B V599170 V50563 +2.7 71% +17 59% +22 55% +35 56%
DD07268 F 15/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R D+D04299 DD0522 -0.1 64% +6 58% +11 47% +15 48%
DD06200 M 02/11/06 35 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 DD0124 +1.3 71% +12 54% +20 47% +27 52%
DD07252 M 11/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03162 DD0263 -0.3 73% +8 61% +15 51% +16 55%
Younger than 18 months *Registered*
CFH07203 F 0 0 1 0 0 R
CFH07289 F 0 0 1 0 0 R
CFH07303 F 0 0 1 0 0 R
DD0130 F 0 0 5 361 406 B HA9630 +0.3 48% +8 42% +14 35% +18 33% +1 43%
DD0282 F 0 0 5 374 362 B M9794 +0.4 59% +11 46% +17 39% +24 42% +4 43% -0.5 33%
DD04129 F 0 0 3 389 388 R +1.8 45% +12 32% +17 24% +25 26% +3 26%
DD04131 F 0 0 3 379 394 R -1.1 45% +4 32% +9 24% +12 26% +2 26%
DD0511 F 0 0 2 0 674 R BG9612 +0.8 44% 0 35%
DD05201 F 0 0 2 0 321 B
DD05204 F 0 0 2 0 381 B +0.9 32%
DD0620 F 0 0 1 0 0 B
JR05116 F 0 0 2 0 394 R
R05113 F 0 0 2 0 410 B
RCJ0555 F 0 0 2 0 415 R
01HYYMULTNM 0 0 12 0 0 R
DD05MULT00M 0 0 4 0 0 R
DD06MULT5 M 0 0 1 0 0 R
HHHYYMULTNM 0 0 4 0 0 R
Multi-sire groep: Diere in groep is reeds geïnspekteer.
Multi-sire group: Bulls have already been inspected.
Inspect but if animal is not right it
can be held over for next inspection.
Moet inspekteer, maar as dier nie
reg is nie, laat oorstaan tot volgende
inspeksie.

Age first calve.
Ouderdom 1ste kalf.
12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 3
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inter calving period.
Inter kalf periode.
Between 18 and 36 months *Registered*
Days last calved.
Dae laas gekalf.
DD06169 F 16/09/06 36 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 CFH97712 +3.0 72% +18 61% +27 58% +40 56%
DD06173 F 18/09/06 36 0 0 0 0 R MM01844 DD0015 +2.0 73% +14 63% +28 61% +32 59%
DD06177 F 22/09/06 36 0 0 0 0 B MM01844 CFH99725 +0.8 57% +8 60% +18 60% +20 55% +5 35%
DD06178 F 26/09/06 36 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 DD966 +1.1 52% +12 56% +23 55% +29 50%
DD06183 F 02/10/06 36 0 0 0 0 B MM01844 DD0127 +1.9 57% +12 60% +21 60% +26 56%
MM06702 F 23/09/06 36 0 0 0 0 B MM02992 MM00637 +1.1 78% +12 66% +17 67% +22 69% 0 36%
MJB0674 F 08/12/06 34 0 0 0 0 R D04825 MJB0325 +1.6 72% +11 60% +17 51% +23 54%
JJR0726 F 29/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 R CFH03179 JJR0321 +1.9 76% +13 66% +19 58% +24 59% 0 38%
JJR0735 F 05/09/07 25 0 0 0 0 R TXY9975 JJR0096 +1.6 77% +18 68% +26 60% +33 62% +6 40%
JJR0748 F 10/09/07 25 0 0 0 0 R JE00115 JJR9910 +3.6 77% +14 69% +24 62% +31 63% +2 45% +0.8 50%
JJR0764 F 19/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R CFH03179 JJR0037 +2.8 77% +18 67% +27 59% +34 61% +2 41%
JJR0779 F 28/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R JE00115 JJR9990 +2.3 77% +11 68% +21 61% +27 62% +3 44% +0.9 51%
JJR0784 F 07/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R JE00115 JJR004 +3.6 77% +13 68% +21 62% +28 63% +2 44% +0.8 53%
JJR0786 F 12/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R CFH03179 JJR0070 +1.9 77% +17 66% +24 59% +29 61% +3 41%
TT0745 F 24/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R TT0371 TT0169 +0.5 54%
JJR07101 F 01/11/07 23 0 0 0 0 R CFH03179 JJR0046 +1.8 76% +19 62% +28 56% +35 58% +3 40%
JJR07102 F 05/11/07 23 0 0 0 0 R CFH02910 JJR0412 +2.8 72% +17 59% +18 52% +25 53%
JJR0787 F 13/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 R JE00115 JJR037 +4.6 75% +20 67% +30 60% +44 62% +2 41%
JJR0791 F 14/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 R TXY9975 JJR0345 +2.0 76% +18 67% +26 60% +35 60% +6 35%
JJR0798 F 21/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 R TXY9975 JJR0339 +2.9 76% +19 63% +26 57% +39 59% +6 35%
TT0778 F 16/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 B TT0371 TT0111 +1.2 75% +13 63% +21 63% +28 60%
CFH07231 F 17/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R 406R CFH01191 -1.2 76% +8 58% +10 50% +13 53%
CFH07253 F 26/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 B RR0232 CFH01520 -0.1 75% +9 54% +17 46% +20 49%
CFH07269 F 30/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R 406R CFH98220 +0.5 75% +9 57% +15 49% +18 52%
JJR07107 F 15/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R CFH03179 JJR0160 +4.8 76% +26 62% +37 56% +48 59% +4 40%
JJR07108 F 19/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R CFH03179 JJR9993 +4.1 76% +26 61% +34 55% +46 58% +4 40%
JJR07119 F 08/12/07 22 0 0 0 0 R JE00115 JJR0262 +2.0 76% +15 64% +27 58% +38 60% +2 40% +1.3 50%
A084S F 12/03/08 19 0 0 0 0 B FE0447 A01621 +0.1 71% +14 51% +22 44% +26 46%
TX0673 M 08/10/06 36 0 0 0 0 B TX0213 TX9337 +0.2 77% +8 69% +13 63% +15 63% +3 47% -0.1 45%
TT0670 M 01/11/06 35 0 0 0 0 B TT0371 TT966 +1.5 76% +14 62% +20 63% +30 64%
DD07274 M 10/09/07 25 0 0 0 0 B
DD07259 M 25/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 B DD031 DD0328 +2.7 73% +15 63% +16 60% +25 63% +1.6 66%
Diere klaar
geïnspekteer.
As jy fout sien kan
jy diere afkeur –
Jou reg en plig.
Already inspected.
If you see a fault
you can cull
animal – your
right.

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 4
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule: 1 st calve before 39 months
Reël: 1 st kalf voor 39 maande
Older than 36 months *Registered*
Check cow – either calve not registered – or cow over vat.
Kyk koei – miskien is kalf nie geregistreer – of koei oor vet
KB9493 F 21/12/94 177 33 11 364 755 R KB9128 KB9158 +1.4 69% +10 60% +20 56% +23 57% +2 50% +0.6 39% +19 48%
KB95149 F 10/11/95 167 33 10 368 760 R KB9234 KB9146 +1.9 67% +11 56% +16 47% +20 50% 0 51%
DD971 F 01/08/97 146 49 7 428 389 B +1.0 55% +7 38% +13 28% +19 31% -1 27%
CFH97712 F 01/10/97 144 35 8 417 388 B +4.6 66% +21 54% +30 47% +47 49% +2 54% +55 46%
CFH98274 F 11/09/98 133 37 8 366 344 B SC9529 SC928 +0.6 66% +7 67% +14 64% +11 67% -2 56% +14 58%
CFH99979 F 10/12/99 118 33 6 439 363 B CFH973 BM9733 +1.2 74% +14 66% +18 59% +25 60% +1 54% +21 50%
DD0015 F 01/08/00 110 38 6 361 394 B +0.3 63% +9 51% +17 48% +21 53% +5 48% +20 56%
DD0018 F 01/08/00 110 38 6 360 389 B +1.3 60% +11 49% +18 46% +24 53% +5 45% -0.3 33% +27 56%
DD0013 F 12/09/00 109 37 6 361 373 B DR96149 L91797 +0.7 81% +6 67% +12 61% +21 68% -2 48% +35 70%
CFH00331 F 17/09/00 108 36 5 455 384 B Z9639 CFH97712 +2.9 79% +17 64% +27 58% +36 65% +2 49% +41 68%
DD0112 F 05/09/01 97 35 5 384 342 R DD965 +3.3 64% +21 52% +31 50% +45 59% +8 46% +0.5 32% +54 65%
DD0125 F 23/09/01 96 35 5 372 380 B DD9721 -0.3 58% +8 47% +18 47% +19 56% +8 40% -0.2 32% +17 64%
DD0260 F 01/09/02 85 36 4 388 313 B +1.1 58% +13 46% +19 42% +25 53% +6 36% +26 64%
DD0263 F 01/09/02 85 36 4 373 369 B -0.5 60% +5 47% +12 42% +17 53% +1 36% +24 64%
DD0335 F 01/01/03 81 43 2 453 689 B +0.9 38% +8 34% +11 38% +14 47% +2 26% +5 60%
DD0328 F 29/09/03 72 35 3 391 352 B PC9793 DD0019 +1.3 60% +12 51% +15 51% +21 59% +3 42% +1.3 47% +11 64%
DD04039 F 25/08/04 61 36 2 370 385 B 01HYYMULTN DD0123 +2.1 38% +13 35% +18 35% +24 48% +3 26% +25 62%
DD04045 F 09/09/04 61 35 2 407 363 B DD018 DD9724 +2.7 53% +18 49% +26 46% +38 55% +3 33% +52 64%
DD04055 F 28/09/04 60 34 2 396 384 B DD018 CFH99725 +0.9 60% +11 53% +17 49% +22 57% +4 37% +26 64%
DD04070 F 12/10/04 60 34 2 413 366 B MM99562 CFH00331 +2.4 65% +16 55% +23 51% +31 53% 0 40%
DD05104 F 24/09/05 48 36 1 0 377 B DD018 DD0260 +1.6 73% +17 60% +24 49% +29 54%
DD05108 F 24/09/05 48 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 DD0013 -0.3 75% +6 64% +15 59% +21 65%
DD05112 F 30/09/05 48 35 1 0 387 R DD018 DD0112 +2.7 73% +22 61% +32 54% +43 63%
DD0599 F 22/09/05 48 35 1 0 386 R MM99562 DD964 +0.4 74% +11 63% +15 54% +20 55% +1 38%
B0580 F 05/11/05 47 34 1 0 395 R CFH01114 VL9929 +2.0 74% +14 58% +24 50% +31 54% +1 35%
CFH05468 F 26/10/05 47 35 1 0 368 R V599170 CFH9732 +2.7 76% +16 62% +25 57% +34 58% +3 36%
DD05127 F 21/10/05 47 34 1 0 394 B BM0146 CFH00148 +1.9 76% +19 66% +28 60% +37 66%
JR0582 F 09/12/05 46 33 1 0 388 R JR05MULT00 JR9650
DD06159 F 10/09/06 37 0 0 0 0 B DD031 DD0311 +3.2 54% +18 58% +25 58% +36 54%
DD06166 F 08/09/06 37 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 DD0130 +0.8 52% +11 56% +20 55% +26 50%
DD06170 F 12/09/06 37 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 CFH99979 +1.3 59% +14 61% +22 60% +29 56%
DD06171 F 05/09/06 37 0 0 0 0 B BM0146 DD97025 +1.8 52% +14 56% +23 55% +31 50%
W065 F 03/09/06 37 0 0 0 0 B CFH99312 CFH01401 +0.2 69% +13 55% +21 48% +26 50%
Red Alert!! / Rooi ligte
Age 1 st calve – 43months
Between 1 st and 2 nd calve – 453days
Age last calve – 689days
AANTAL KALWERS OUDERDOM VAN KOEIE
2 57 maande
3 69 maande
4 81 maande
5 93 maande
6 105 maande
7 117 maande
8 129 maande
9 141 maande
10 153 maande
Ens. +12 maande vir elke kalf

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 5
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFH03162 M 30/05/03 76 0 46 0 0 B CFH99995 BM9624 +1.4 87% +16 77% +23 69% +22 72% 0.0 69%
TX0576 M 30/11/05 46 0 14 0 0 R TX0213 TX9885 -0.5 69% +3 63% +8 62% +6 60% +4 42% +0.6 62%
DD06151 M 03/09/06 37 0 0 0 0 B DD031 DD0328 +2.3 74% +18 62% +22 60% +32 64% +2.3 68%
Herd Averages : +1.5 +12 +20 +25 +3 +0.3 +26 +15
Breed Averages: +1.1 +11 +17 +22 +2 +0.2 +24 +13
Total of 139 animals listed.
Inspectors can cull any animal even if already inspected.
Inspekteurs kan enige dier prul al is die dier al geïnspekteer.

VOORBEELD 2
12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 1
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Between 18 and 36 months *Commercial*
WYD0664 F 04/12/06 34 24 1 0 312 R L99375 WYD012 +1.8 72% +14 55% +21 47% +25 51% +4 37%
WYD075 F 05/01/07 33 0 0 0 0 B MV01639 WYD0312 +2.2 50% +15 44% +21 42% +31 43% +3 35%
Younger than 18 months *Calfbook*
WYD0817 F 29/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD0532 0.0 72% +6 62% +12 52% +13 55%
WYD0818 F 29/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0621 -0.5 74% +6 64% +16 56% +18 57%
WYD0820 F 30/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0521 -1.0 74% +5 64% +15 55% +16 56%
WYD0821 F 09/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0617 +0.1 74% +10 64% +14 56% +18 57%
WYD0823 F 10/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0432 +0.8 69% +6 59% +13 50% +17 51%
WYD0826 F 05/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD009 -0.6 73% +6 62% +15 52% +15 53%
WYD0829 F 09/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0314 +0.2 74% +9 63% +14 53% +16 54%
WYD0831 F 10/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0221 -0.7 74% +3 63% +8 54% +8 56%
WYD0854 F 08/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0531 +0.3 74% +10 64% +21 55% +25 56%
WYD087 F 19/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD0418 -0.5 70% +8 60% +19 52% +29 55%
WYD0834 F 14/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD0214 +1.5 72% +16 60% +26 50% +34 53%
WYD0836 F 16/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD0215 -0.1 73% +9 62% +16 52% +19 55%
WYD0839 F 19/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD011 -0.4 73% +7 62% +14 52% +15 53%
WYD0842 F 30/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD975 +0.3 74% +10 63% +18 52% +22 53%
WYD0843 F 21/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0626 +0.7 73% +8 62% +14 51% +20 53%
WYD0845 F 21/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD069 +0.6 74% +10 64% +17 55% +20 56%
WYD0848 F 05/10/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0219 +1.3 73% +12 64% +18 54% +23 56%
WYD0849 F 26/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD0414 +0.3 73% +5 61% +13 50% +19 53%
WYD0850 F 26/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0427 +0.6 73% +9 61% +16 52% +23 54%
WYD0857 F 25/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD036 +0.7 71% +9 60% +13 50% +24 52%
WYD0858 F 25/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0312 +1.7 72% +12 61% +21 51% +30 53%
WYD0861 F 07/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD057 -0.2 72% +9 61% +15 52% +20 54%
WYD0862 F 10/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 RO98756 +0.3 72% +8 62% +14 54% +19 56%
WYD0863 F 19/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD977 +0.2 70% +9 56% +16 48% +19 50%
WYD0864 F 22/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD004 +0.8 68% +9 51% +16 43% +21 48%
WYD0865 F 22/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD025 -0.3 68% +5 51% +14 43% +18 48%
WYD0868 F 27/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0636 +1.3 72% +10 55% +16 47% +24 51%
WYD0869 F 30/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0620 +0.5 72% +9 57% +12 50% +21 53%
WYD0870 F 01/12/08 10 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD0661 +2.0 71% +12 54% +22 46% +30 49%
WYD0872 F 08/12/08 10 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0650 +0.2 72% +10 58% +17 51% +20 53%
WYD0877 F 17/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0659 -0.6 70% +7 57% +10 51% +10 52%
WYD0880 F 27/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0517 +1.2 69% +9 54% +13 46% +20 50%
WYD091 F 01/01/09 9 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0615 +0.9 55%
WYD092 F 22/01/09 8 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD976 0.0 51%
Not for inspection. To young.
Nie vir inspeksie. Te jonk

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 2
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WYD0810 M 20/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD053 +1.4 72% +9 61% +17 51% +28 54%
WYD0811 M 21/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0513 -1.1 73% +5 62% +10 53% +14 55%
WYD0812 M 24/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0539 -0.7 73% +6 63% +14 54% +14 54%
WYD0813 M 25/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD0545 -0.2 71% +4 61% +7 51% +13 53%
WYD0814 M 26/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 RCM012191 -0.2 72% +6 60% +11 49% +17 51%
WYD0816 M 27/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD013 -0.2 73% +6 62% +14 52% +13 53%
WYD0819 M 29/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0614 0.0 74% +9 62% +16 53% +22 55%
WYD0822 M 10/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0432 +0.6 69% +5 59% +12 50% +15 51%
WYD0824 M 10/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0524 +0.8 74% +13 63% +23 55% +26 57%
WYD0828 M 08/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD061 +0.6 73% +11 61% +17 51% +22 54%
WYD0830 M 09/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD0423 +0.9 75% +8 64% +16 53% +25 55%
WYD0832 M 12/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0422 +0.4 74% +8 62% +13 51% +18 53%
WYD0853 M 07/09/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD026 +1.7 72% +6 60% +10 49% +18 51%
WYD088 M 19/08/08 13 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD0418 -0.3 70% +9 60% +20 52% +30 55%
WYD0825 M 13/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0624 0.0 73% +7 62% +11 53% +16 55%
WYD0827 M 16/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0633 +1.2 72% +6 60% +11 50% +18 51%
WYD0833 M 13/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD027 +0.5 73% +7 60% +13 49% +17 53%
WYD0835 M 16/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0520 -0.8 74% +7 64% +15 55% +15 57%
WYD0837 M 17/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD0417 -0.7 76% +6 64% +12 55% +18 57%
WYD0838 M 18/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD022 +0.1 72% +7 60% +13 48% +17 50%
WYD0840 M 19/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD045 +1.2 74% +14 63% +22 54% +25 56%
WYD0841 M 19/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD993 +0.4 74% +8 62% +20 52% +24 53%
WYD0844 M 21/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD005 +0.3 73% +8 60% +14 51% +23 53%
WYD0846 M 21/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD065 +0.6 74% +11 64% +19 55% +21 56%
WYD0847 M 22/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD024 +0.6 72% +10 60% +17 49% +23 51%
WYD0851 M 29/09/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD983 -0.7 74% +3 62% +8 52% +8 53%
WYD0852 M 05/10/08 12 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0315 +0.8 72% +9 62% +14 52% +15 53%
WYD0855 M 13/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD029 +0.7 72% +11 61% +18 52% +27 55%
WYD0856 M 14/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0010 +0.4 72% +5 61% +10 51% +12 52%
WYD0859 M 18/10/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0218 +0.7 73% +10 62% +19 54% +21 55%
WYD0860 M 06/11/08 11 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0525 -2.3 72% +2 62% +9 53% +5 54%
WYD0866 M 25/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0642 -0.1 73% +8 58% +15 52% +18 54%
WYD0867 M 25/11/08 10 0 0 0 0 R WYD052 WYD023 0.0 68% +7 52% +18 44% +22 47%
WYD0871 M 04/12/08 10 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD0664 +1.4 72% +12 53% +21 44% +28 48%
WYD0873 M 12/12/08 10 0 0 0 0 R WYD0541 WYD054 +1.1 68% +10 53% +19 46% +29 50%
WYD0874 M 13/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0510 +1.5 69% +12 54% +20 48% +29 51%
WYD0875 M 15/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 R RO05299 WYD0655 +0.3 73% +9 56% +16 49% +21 52%
WYD0876 M 15/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0660 0.0 74% +8 58% +15 52% +16 54%
WYD0878 M 22/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0542 +0.4 72% +9 57% +19 51% +21 53%
WYD0879 M 23/12/08 9 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0651 +0.8 74% +12 59% +23 52% +25 54%
Not for inspection. To young.
Nie vir inspeksie. Te jonk

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 3
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Between 18 and 36 months *Calfbook*
WYD072 F 02/01/07 33 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD021 -0.3 71% +7 59% +13 55% +21 54%
WYD077 F 05/01/07 33 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD0216 +1.0 71% +9 59% +16 55% +29 60% +2 38%
WYD079 F 10/01/07 33 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD029 +1.5 72% +11 62% +17 56% +31 58% +3 42%
WYD0713 F 16/02/07 31 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD002 +0.7 66% +8 58% +13 51% +23 52% +2 38%
WYD0715 F 28/02/07 31 0 0 0 0 B WYD0421 WYD045 +1.6 63% +11 54% +18 49% +26 55%
WYD0718 F 23/03/07 30 0 0 0 0 R WYD0421 WYD0413 +0.6 64% +7 56% +12 50% +19 58%
WYD0719 F 25/03/07 30 0 0 0 0 R WYD0421 WYD0414 -0.3 64% +4 56% +10 50% +16 58%
WYD0721 F 18/04/07 29 0 0 0 0 B WYD0421 WYD0415 +0.8 40% +9 44% +15 45% +25 52%
WYD0730 F 06/08/07 26 0 0 0 0 R CFH03737 WYD013 -0.7 70% +4 61% +12 58% +11 55%
WYD0732 F 25/08/07 25 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0214 +1.3 70% +12 61% +20 59% +24 57%
WYD0736 F 15/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD053 0.0 72% +4 63% +8 54% +14 56%
WYD0740 F 19/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD004 -2.2 70% -4 60% 0 58% -3 56%
WYD0741 F 23/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0521 -1.0 74% +6 64% +16 60% +17 58%
WYD0743 F 01/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD993 +0.8 71% +9 61% +22 58% +26 55%
WYD0745 F 02/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0524 +1.8 73% +15 63% +23 60% +28 58%
WYD0746 F 03/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0527 +1.2 73% +10 62% +14 59% +19 58%
WYD0747 F 06/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD057 +1.3 73% +9 62% +13 59% +20 58%
WYD0748 F 03/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0512 +0.8 73% +9 62% +13 60% +17 58%
WYD0749 F 07/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD051 +0.4 73% +7 63% +9 60% +14 58%
WYD0750 F 08/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD005 +2.0 71% +12 62% +18 55% +33 56% +2 39%
WYD0752 F 12/10/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0427 +1.5 72% +7 61% +14 58% +23 57%
WYD0757 F 26/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0526 0.0 72% +4 62% +7 59% +6 58%
WYD0759 F 30/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0520 -0.2 74% +5 64% +11 61% +12 59%
WYD0765 F 05/11/07 23 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0218 -0.6 74% +7 63% +16 60% +16 58%
WYD0766 F 07/11/07 23 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD024 +1.0 73% +10 63% +16 60% +26 57% +3 38%
WYD0767 F 07/11/07 23 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD981 +0.6 73% +8 63% +21 60% +31 58% +1 39%
WYD0771 F 19/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 RO98756 -0.3 74% +5 66% +11 64% +19 62% +1 42%
WYD0772 F 19/11/07 22 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD046 +1.6 73% +8 64% +13 62% +22 60% +4 39%
WYD084 F 15/03/08 18 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0211 +1.9 66% +12 56% +16 48% +25 49%
WYD085 F 03/04/08 18 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD0413 +0.1 69% +8 60% +15 52% +16 54%
WYD0724 M 16/06/07 27 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD0213 +0.4 71% +8 61% +14 54% +23 57% +3 40%
WYD0729 M 30/07/07 26 0 0 0 0 R CFH03737 WYD0221 +0.3 72% +10 60% +16 56% +17 55%
WYD0734 M 08/09/07 25 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD009 -1.0 72% +4 62% +12 58% +12 55%
WYD0739 M 19/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 B CFH03737 WYD056 -0.2 72% +8 63% +15 59% +17 58%
WYD0742 M 30/09/07 24 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD054 +1.6 72% +9 63% +14 60% +22 58%
WYD0754 M 14/10/07 23 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD0423 -0.9 74% +3 61% +7 53% +10 54%
WYD0780 M 13/12/07 21 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD059 +0.7 54% +8 57% +12 55% +18 53%
WYD0781 M 15/12/07 21 0 0 0 0 R RO04227 WYD029 +1.1 72% +10 61% +15 57% +21 57% +1 36%
WYD081 M 03/01/08 21 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD023 +0.2 67% +6 58% +17 51% +25 52% +1 36%
Inspect but if animal is not
right it can be held over for
next inspection.
Moet inspekteer, maar as dier
nie reg is nie, laat oorstaan
tot volgende inspeksie.

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 4
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Older than 36 months *Calfbook*
WYD0531 F 07/09/05 49 24 2 355 399 B L99375 WYD975 +1.9 63% +14 61% +27 56% +36 61% +1 48%
Between 18 and 36 months *Registered*
WYD0642 F 04/10/06 36 25 1 0 321 B MV01639 WYD0423 +0.7 62% +10 61% +14 60% +20 61% +4 35%
WYD0650 F 23/10/06 35 25 1 0 308 B MV01639 WYD977 +1.3 74% +13 62% +19 59% +24 62% +4 37%
WYD0651 F 23/10/06 35 26 1 0 293 B MV01639 WYD993 +1.9 74% +16 62% +30 59% +33 62% +3 35%
WYD0655 F 07/11/06 35 25 1 0 301 R MME9933 WYD006 0.0 75% +8 63% +17 62% +24 60% +4 38%
WYD0659 F 25/11/06 34 24 1 0 299 B MV01639 WYD0315 +0.9 59% +10 58% +8 57% +9 58% +4 36%
WYD0660 F 27/11/06 34 24 1 0 301 B L99375 WYD0010 +1.2 74% +10 62% +16 58% +18 60% +2 41%
WYD0661 F 29/11/06 34 24 1 0 315 R L99375 WYD975 +2.2 74% +13 62% +22 58% +27 57% +1 43%
WYD0665 F 10/12/06 34 0 0 0 0 R L99375 WYD972 +2.1 51% +15 55% +29 55% +32 50% +3 39%
WYD0644 M 12/10/06 36 0 0 0 0 R MV01639 WYD011 -0.2 71% +9 60% +16 59% +18 62% +4 35% +0.3 65%
WYD0646 M 18/10/06 35 0 0 0 0 R MV01639 WYD009 +0.9 72% +9 61% +18 59% +15 62% +3 35% +0.8 65%
WYD0647 M 17/10/06 35 0 0 0 0 R MV01639 WYD046 +1.1 54% +12 58% +10 59% +10 61% -2.4 65%
WYD0654 M 03/11/06 35 0 0 0 0 R MME9933 WYD023 +0.5 73% +5 63% +26 60% +35 63% +1 36% +1.9 65%
AB0629 M 14/11/06 34 0 0 0 0 R V50274 JJR9973 +2.4 59% +13 61% +27 59% +32 54% +5 36%
WYD074 M 04/01/07 33 0 0 0 0 R MV01639 WYD0417 +0.2 57% +7 56% +8 55% +11 57% +6 35% -0.3 58%
Older than 36 months *Registered*
Diere wat al geïnspekteer is as Aanhangsel B diere (eerste aanvaarding), wat op
die stelsel gesit is as ouer diere.
Animals inspected as Appendix B animals (first acceptance), that is been put on
the system as older animals.
Must be inspected. If not in
pen this animal can be
prulled.
WYD971 F 01/01/97 153 63 7 402 319 R +2.7 54% +18 44% +17 37% +38 39% 0 46% -0.6 37% +63 27%
WYD975 F 01/01/97 153 74 6 408 377 B +0.9 60% +10 51% +18 42% +25 44% -2 53% +24 35%
WYD976 F 01/01/97 153 63 6 492 263 B +0.8 50% +11 43% +15 37% +17 41% +4 48% +16 42%
WYD977 F 01/01/97 153 63 7 400 327 B +0.9 61% +10 50% +15 43% +21 47% +1 54% +31 47%
WYD983 F 01/01/98 141 55 7 370 378 B -0.1 59% +4 50% +5 40% +5 44% 0 54% +6 36%
RO98756 F 04/10/98 132 25 6 583 336 R RO91235 RO93390 +0.3 72% +7 69% +10 65% +13 68% -2 59% +3 59%
WYD993 F 01/01/99 129 67 5 371 388 B +1.3 58% +11 48% +25 43% +32 44% -1 50% +0.1 26% +51 38%
WYD004 F 01/01/00 117 28 7 395 324 R -0.7 58% +5 50% +9 47% +8 54% +2 51% -1.1 37% +10 59%
WYD005 F 01/01/00 117 58 5 351 386 R +2.0 62% +13 51% +17 49% +29 54% -1 49% 0.0 31% +47 56%
WYD006 F 01/01/00 117 58 5 349 385 R +0.5 64% +10 50% +19 48% +19 54% +3 44% -0.2 31% +18 56%
WYD009 F 01/01/00 117 50 5 405 402 B -0.2 56% +5 48% +14 42% +15 44% -1 50% +0.5 33% +21 31%
WYD026 F 01/01/00 117 49 5 418 400 R +0.7 54% +3 45% +4 37% +8 40% -6 45%
WYD027 F 01/01/00 117 53 4 512 394 R -0.9 59% +1 49% +5 42% +3 51% -3 48% -4 58%
WYD013 F 01/01/01 105 37 5 414 411 B -0.2 54% +5 47% +11 43% +9 44% +1 50% +7 36%
RCM012191 F 12/12/01 94 46 4 341 412 R RCM9812 RCM9571 0.0 57% +6 47% +7 40% +11 42% +1 48% +11 31%
Moet geïnspekteer word.
Indien afwesig mag hierdie
dier afgekeur word.

Age first calve before 39 months
Ouderdom 1ste kalf voor 39 maande
12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 5
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WYD022 F 01/01/02 93 21 5 446 389 R +0.2 56% +5 44% +7 34% +8 36% -1 46% +2 23%
WYD023 F 01/01/02 93 36 5 351 321 R +0.5 55% +7 44% +21 37% +22 39% -1 36% +1.1 32% +19 27%
WYD024 F 01/01/02 93 24 6 345 385 R +0.7 57% +9 45% +15 40% +18 40% +2 44%
WYD025 F 01/01/02 93 36 4 470 324 R -0.4 60% +3 50% +9 45% +11 55% -7 30% +13 63%
WYD0218 F 01/02/02 92 30 5 378 359 B L99375 WYD941 +1.2 66% +12 57% +20 54% +23 60% +3 50% +21 65%
WYD0211 F 16/04/02 89 36 4 349 576 R L99375 WYD971 +2.7 56% +18 50% +24 45% +39 46% +2 47% -0.7 39% +60 40%
WYD0214 F 20/04/02 89 33 4 440 393 R L99375 WYD973 +1.6 63% +16 58% +26 54% +31 61% +7 53% -0.4 24% +39 66%
WYD0215 F 25/04/02 89 34 4 426 391 R L99375 WYD976 +1.1 64% +12 59% +18 55% +18 60% +4 55% +12 64%
WYD0219 F 20/04/02 89 32 5 341 372 B RCM9620 WYD977 +2.0 69% +14 60% +16 55% +25 62% +5 57% +36 68%
WYD029 F 01/05/02 89 32 5 341 364 R RCM9620 WYD984 +1.6 68% +13 60% +17 56% +28 64% +2 58% +42 69% Red Alert!!
WYD0212 F 25/05/02 88 31 3 522 685 R RCM9620 WYD981 +2.1 63% +12 55% +18 53% +26 61% +1 51% +33 68%
WYD0221 F 27/08/02 85 37 3 527 397 B RCM9620 WYD983 +0.6 62% +6 54% +8 50% +8 58% 0 52% +6 63% Rooi ligte!!
WYD034 F 01/03/03 79 35 3 364 595 R RCM9620 WYD975 +1.4 58% +11 53% +14 50% +16 57% +2 50% +6 60%
WYD036 F 16/04/03 77 34 4 319 352 R RCM9620 WYD971 +2.5 63% +15 54% +15 46% +30 49% +1 52% -0.2 36% +49 42%
WYD0312 F 05/10/03 72 39 3 329 352 B RCM9620 WYD984 +3.2 59% +17 49% +25 43% +42 46% -1 48% +72 43%
WYD0314 F 28/10/03 71 27 3 476 398 B RCM9620 WYD983 +1.4 64% +11 55% +12 48% +17 51% +3 55% +18 44%
WYD0315 F 30/10/03 71 36 3 340 372 B RCM9620 WYD022 +1.2 61% +8 53% +7 46% +8 48% +1 52% -1 41%
WYD045 F 13/02/04 67 36 2 569 388 B RCM9620 WYD982 +2.7 60% +16 55% +23 53% +29 62% +4 49% +22 67%
WYD046 F 01/03/04 67 31 3 377 336 R L99375 WYD007 +1.1 56% +9 55% +11 55% +10 58% +4 47% -1.4 40% +3 50% Red Alert!!
WYD0413 F 25/05/04 64 19 3 411 557 B RCM9620 WYD977 +1.7 72% +12 61% +15 54% +19 63% +3 50% +21 68%
WYD0414 F 28/06/04 63 32 2 551 381 R MV00375 WYD027 -0.7 69% +3 60% +7 55% +11 62% -2 46% +19 68%
WYD0417 F 05/08/04 62 28 3 311 390 R MME9933 WYD004 0.0 72% +6 64% +10 57% +16 59% +4 51% -0.4 40% +21 51% Rooi ligte!!
WYD0418 F 24/08/04 61 30 2 526 419 R MME9933 WYD993 +0.6 72% +10 61% +23 57% +38 64% +4 48% +67 67%
WYD0422 F 13/10/04 59 31 2 461 395 R MME9933 WYD022 +0.5 72% +6 62% +11 54% +19 55% +1 46% +24 43%
WYD0423 F 25/10/04 59 23 3 353 398 R MME9933 WYD003 -0.3 74% +5 65% +11 58% +18 60% +1 49% +22 51% Red Alert!!
WYD0432 F 16/10/04 59 26 2 623 397 B MV00375 WYD983 +0.9 70% +6 56% +9 48% +15 51% -3 44%
WYD0427 F 05/12/04 58 34 2 350 381 R MME9933 WYD028 +1.2 61% +9 55% +19 54% +33 59% +1 44% +52 63%
WYD0519 F 01/01/05 57 29 2 336 509 R L99375 WYD941 +1.8 51% +13 56% +24 52% +31 58% +3 39% +33 50% Rooi ligte!!
WYD0520 F 01/01/05 57 33 2 322 391 B L99375 WYD994 +0.3 62% +7 62% +13 57% +14 63% +2 49% +20 62%
WYD0524 F 11/01/05 57 32 2 344 397 B L99375 WYD982 +3.1 62% +20 57% +32 56% +39 62% +4 50% +33 67%
WYD0525 F 02/01/05 57 46 1 0 340 B L99375 WYD011 -0.9 57% +4 54% +9 52% +5 56% +3 46%
WYD053 F 15/01/05 56 32 2 340 418 R MV00375 WYD029 +1.2 62% +11 63% +16 58% +28 65% -1 49% +46 68%
WYD054 F 17/01/05 56 32 2 439 304 R MV00375 WYD0212 +1.9 60% +12 60% +19 58% +31 64% 0 43% +51 68%
WYD056 F 01/02/05 56 31 1 0 754 B MV00375 WYD976 +0.4 54% +7 58% +12 55% +16 61% +2 42% +21 65%
WYD057 F 05/02/05 56 32 2 398 339 R MME9933 WYD002 +0.7 63% +9 63% +16 59% +27 64% +3 46% +28 62%
WYD059 F 02/02/05 56 34 2 333 336 R MME9933 WYD0214 +1.1 59% +12 62% +20 60% +29 64% +5 44% +40 56%
WYD0510 F 15/02/05 55 32 2 406 303 R MME9933 WYD008 +1.1 58% +11 56% +22 59% +37 62% +2 35%
WYD0513 F 10/03/05 55 30 2 317 417 R MME9933 WYD007 0.0 62% +5 59% +10 60% +20 62% +2 44% +34 61%
WYD0517 F 21/07/05 50 41 1 0 289 R MME9933 WYD026 +0.6 58% +4 57% +8 53% +18 56% -1 38%
Red Alert!!
WYD0518 F 16/07/05 50 33 1 0 523 R MME9933 WYD004 0.0 56% +6 56% +13 54% +21 58% +3 40%
WYD0521 F 01/08/05 50 25 2 342 408 B L99375 WYD009 +0.4 63% +8 62% +19 58% +22 62% +2 50% +26 51% Rooi ligte!!
WYD0530 F 01/09/05 49 36 1 0 394 R L99375 WYD0010 +1.6 59% +12 58% +15 54% +14 59% +2 41%
WYD0532 F 07/09/05 49 35 1 0 409 R L99375 WYD983 +0.3 60% +7 60% +9 55% +5 60% +2 48%
WYD0539 F 01/11/05 47 33 1 0 414 B L99375 WYD011 +0.3 58% +8 59% +16 51% +17 51% +2 47%
WYD0542 F 20/10/05 47 38 1 0 294 B L99375 WYD992 +1.6 56% +12 56% +23 55% +26 57% +2 36%
WYD0545 F 07/11/05 47 33 1 0 413 R RCM9610 RCM012191 +0.1 51% +5 54% +3 51% +8 54% -1 37%
WYD0546 F 18/11/05 46 35 1 0 355 R MME9933 WYD001 +0.4 58% +8 59% +17 57% +28 59% +2 35%

12/10/09 SABG - FARM REPORT FOR HERD Page 6
------------------------------ CURRENT BREEDPLAN EBVS ------------------------------
Animal S Born Age AFC # ICP DLC C Sire Dam BW Acc WW Acc YW Acc FW Acc Milk Acc SS Acc MCW Acc CW Acc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WYD061 F 01/01/06 45 32 1 0 399 R MV01639 WYD0413 +1.1 72% +12 58% +16 52% +19 56% +6 41%
WYD065 F 04/01/06 45 32 1 0 386 B MV01639 WYD972 +1.8 73% +15 61% +21 58% +25 60% +5 38%
WYD069 F 06/01/06 45 32 1 0 386 B MV01639 WYD0220 +2.2 74% +14 63% +18 60% +24 59% +6 41%
WYD0613 F 24/01/06 44 0 0 0 0 B MV01639 WYD994 -0.5 72% +5 60% +7 58% +7 62%
WYD0614 F 24/01/06 44 31 1 0 409 R MME9933 WYD003 +1.0 75% +8 65% +18 62% +28 65% +2 44%
WYD0615 F 27/01/06 44 35 1 0 284 R MME9933 WYD008 +1.3 73% +13 63% +25 61% +44 65% +2 35%
WYD0617 F 30/01/06 44 31 1 0 398 R MV01639 WYD0314 +1.7 72% +16 63% +15 61% +23 64% +5 43%
WYD0620 F 06/02/06 44 33 1 0 316 R MME9933 WYD029 -0.3 76% +5 66% +8 63% +21 67% +3 42%
WYD0621 F 12/02/06 44 30 1 0 409 B MME9933 WYD032 +1.6 73% +10 65% +23 62% +29 65% +3 44%
WYD0623 F 26/02/06 43 29 1 0 415 R MME9933 WYD034 +1.2 61% +9 62% +15 61% +24 64% +3 40%
WYD0624 F 26/02/06 43 30 1 0 394 R MME9933 WYD002 +0.2 72% +6 64% +8 61% +16 64% +2 44%
WYD0625 F 27/02/06 43 30 1 0 411 B MV01639 WYD013 +0.1 71% +9 63% +16 60% +13 63% +5 41%
WYD0626 F 08/03/06 43 30 1 0 386 R MME9933 WYD024 +0.6 72% +7 59% +14 52% +24 54% +2 43%
WYD0633 F 01/07/06 39 26 1 0 391 R MME9933 WYD022 +0.5 58% +5 52% +10 47% +18 47% 0 44%
WYD0636 F 28/08/06 37 26 1 0 319 R MME9933 WYD0212 +1.3 73% +9 59% +16 54% +28 57% +2 40%
CFH03737 M 19/12/03 69 0 57 0 0 R CFH97260 DR9659 -0.8 91% +6 82% +16 74% +16 72% -0.1 49%
WYD052 M 10/01/05 57 0 20 0 0 R MME9933 WYD025 -0.1 82% +7 74% +15 65% +23 67%
RO05299 M 12/07/05 51 0 17 0 0 R NS0214 RO98756 +0.5 84% +10 72% +15 63% +17 65% +1 40% -0.6 34%
WYD062 M 02/01/06 45 0 0 0 0 B MV01639 WYD0219 +1.0 73% +12 57% +15 51% +20 55% +6 38% 0.0 33%
BM0630 M 08/03/06 43 0 0 0 0 B BM0128 PC9834 +4.3 75% +24 65% +38 64% +52 67% +5 43%
Herd Averages : +0.6 +8 +14 +21 +2 0.0 +26 +13
Breed Averages: +1.1 +11 +17 +22 +2 +0.2 +24 +13
Total of 212 animals listed.
Prul – geen kalf
Cull – no calve

BRANGUS BEGINNERS KURSUS
Kandidaat: _________________________________ Datum: _______________
DIER NOMMER PUNTE
VOORBENE – VOOR AANSIG BAKBENIG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X – BENIG
VOOR KLOUE GESPLETE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SKER
KOOTGEWRIG VOOR REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SLAP
SKEDE LENGTE LANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GEEN
SKEDE OPENING GEEN PROLAPS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OOP PROLAPS
AGTERBENE – SYAANSIG REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEKELHAKKIG
AGTERBENE – AGTER AANSIG BAKBENIG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 KOEIHAKKE
KOOTGEWRIG AGTER AANSIG REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SLAP
AGTER KLOUE GESPLETE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SKER
TEMPERAMENT MAK 1 2 3 4 5 WILD
Nota: _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
DIER NOMMER PUNTE
VOORBENE – VOOR AANSIG BAKBENIG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X – BENIG
VOOR KLOUE GESPLETE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SKER
KOOTGEWRIG VOOR REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SLAP
SKEDE LENGTE LANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GEEN
SKEDE OPENING GEEN PROLAPS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OOP PROLAPS
AGTERBENE – SYAANSIG REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEKELHAKKIG
AGTERBENE – AGTER AANSIG BAKBENIG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 KOEIHAKKE
KOOTGEWRIG AGTER AANSIG REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SLAP
AGTER KLOUE GESPLETE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SKER
TEMPERAMENT MAK 1 2 3 4 5 WILD
Nota: _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
DIER NOMMER PUNTE
VOORBENE – VOOR AANSIG BAKBENIG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X – BENIG
VOOR KLOUE GESPLETE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SKER
KOOTGEWRIG VOOR REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SLAP
SKEDE LENGTE LANK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GEEN
SKEDE OPENING GEEN PROLAPS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OOP PROLAPS
AGTERBENE – SYAANSIG REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEKELHAKKIG
AGTERBENE – AGTER AANSIG BAKBENIG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 KOEIHAKKE
KOOTGEWRIG AGTER AANSIG REGOP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SLAP
AGTER KLOUE GESPLETE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SKER
TEMPERAMENT MAK 1 2 3 4 5 WILD
Nota: _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________