September - Life Dynamics

RLVIEW 

Edited by Margaret Sunger 

"CHILDREN" 

By CORALIE HAMAN 

Birth Control in the West 

A Fight for a Clinic in Chicago 

THE AMERICAN BIILTH 

Offanal Organ of 

CONTROL Luem, INC ,104 FIPTH AVENUE, 

NEW YOEX CITY

BIRTH CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS 

THE AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE, INC 

Headqwrterr 104 FIFTH AVENUE 

M u o m Smox% Prendmt ANNE Kranmr, Bscretary 

J ~ B ~ ~ u T P R ~ Cun~ Lam Row& OrgaWwn Becrskrry 

bfna LE- L DE-LIO 1 Vw6Pr*"dsntr Fewcm B Acmm~~~a. T r ~ r r r 

C C Lrmr,DSc 

MM RIC- Bmnra 

Board of Dsrectorr 

LOTXUOP Srnmuq PH D 

M.a G~ona~ H DAY, SP 

AIm omcm or laaom. 

JOHN C VAOEAX, M D 

MM Axnn G P- 

Iiatwmlcoriwil 

Whaton t31umbLLI N H Joe hL Bau MD Ill Mn Kate Crane OaN Cal Aaron J Basno8 M D, Cal 

gaud Mra Erred H Omenln# N Y WII? am HamUn QLlde. N Y S Adolphoa ICnapf MD N Y Mra Simeon plord N Y 

and Mrs Tbam4s L GmibnunqN Y Ramand Paul PbS, Md. Prof- E C Ihdeman. N C Mr Robert M Lordf 1U 

Dr -ell H J- Pa Hubut(Zoly N Y Mr James M Maw Pa MmCCR-y NY 

hmdd A Spaelb. PhD Mb Frederkk C HceL1 MD N Y Mra Mhor L La- N Y Lawrence Lltcb6eld MD Pa 

Mra oak- Ama. Mser Mn John Wloten Braman. N Y Theodore Dreiser Cal 

EV-"t"N F- 

Pmfanm WaJtu B PIWn. N Y Mra Hamer St Oaudena N H. Mn Frank 1 Cobb N Y 

Prof- A B Wolle, Tu. Babbl Rndolph l Wee. Ph.D Cal tdn. hest R Adee. N Y Florence Guertin Tuttle, N Y 

Addf Mmr M D Md tdn. Dater Blyden N Y tdn. Robert R 0-ry 111 May 1 Bf@m MD Col 

Mn0ttoH.Kabn.N Y WUtlam J Pleldhg N Y nonnes ~ayard ~dles. el ~r ~lomentbal N Y 

tdn. Nmman de IL Whltabow N Y MW7 Shsw N Y Nice Butler M D 0 John PaviU MD, 111 

tdn. Bobat Perldnr &SB N H Mm End Bauh Pa Mm Shelley Tolbourat. Cal Mlre Mary W1-r Pa 

Xm Pops Ysatmau Pa Nlfs Hamilton MD, Mass Loacll Bmtanc~ N Y Mrs W e de Revera N J 

Prolassor W M 

Mn SWw MeCodck, N Y Mrs Charles Tiffany N Y Rabbi Sidney & Goldstein 

tdn. Laarned H=YMau 

Donald R Hooker MD MwIsnd Rev Willlam H Oartb N Y Dr Henry 0 Mamy Mw 

Dcmn Thyrsa W boa, Pa. Dr Blisabetb Snsn N Y Prof Walter F WiUmx N Y Nice stons ~lseh.ell ~ ~ s a 

Eev StML Tmaa.NY Hontlo PI. Poll& PhD, N Y Mn Stephen Clark. N Y Mr and nd Sindalr Lew4 N 1 

L ~ r BWCH.~ n 

NEW YOM STATE, L~BLATIVE ComxhaN~vANu 

Prsrdsnt, Mrs Horace Forks Baker, P~ttsbur h. Pa Naw Yonx C m Chmzan, Mrs R~Chard BI&@ 

-~NT Connm Vws-Prsndsnt M rs Imogen G oakley, ~bdadtclpha s- Chaamn, Mrs heber E Whitt~c 

Ruonro Prendsnt, Rev L Grlswold Williams, Rehg, Pa s~~~~~ Chaarman Dr Ernest Caldecott 

O~~o-Cnrcunrm Prer+dmt, Dr Ralph Reed, IndIsnapolis R~~~~~ Chatman, Mrs Thomas J Swanton 

I~DIAEA Prendsnt, Dr Amella R Kellar, InQanapoh 

WAYNE Coum Prsndmt, Mrs W F Spangler, Richmond, Ind Chrman9 'Iement, Jr 

Mrnxlo~x Prsndmt, Mrs W&am A McGraw, Detro~t GmzNs Chmrmon, Bishop Vandever 

Maauc~usmm Tsmpomry Chasrman Mrs W E Cannon, Cambridge S ~ ~ H T Chamnan ~ ~ Mrs ~ Frank M Leavrtt 

Barns= Coruxem Prsrdmt, Mr A. M Stevens, Vancouver Cxrvm~onsr Chawman Mrs John Scott Brownmg, Jr BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW 

104 F ~ H 

AYENTJE, NEW YOBK, 

N Y 

VOL VII SEPTEMBER, 1923 No 9 

CONTENTS 

atonal Imrmgrabon and B~rth Control, by A a Ia Conhnenoe the Soluhon? 228 

Porntt 219 Letters fmm parents aboring how mntrary to human 

Shoning the folly of etadug mu rates to allma from 

natnn atad how Inrmnwhie anth ha y married He self 

sbr~ad while Learing them alde apen to the overwhelm mntd may prove to be. when web se%ntml is exercised 

Ing prgeny of the least dea~rable elements of oor City 

solely out of fear of mopymences 

and durn popolatlm Ch~Idren, r Phylet, by Coralss Haman 280 

N~ns Nan8 

A From IN CH~CMO 

Dlmeulties placed in tbe wy of the openlng of a Birth 

Control Cllaic 

220 A peep lnto the life of women In our 

streets 

evercrowded mean 

What do they think of Blrth Contmlr 

nl Ama AND P~INCIPLE~ or TAB AIIE~IC.~ Bmx C~NT~OL 

h r n 289 

Boon Rrwwa 

NEWS Wac ENauxn 

Dr Marie Stme wins her appeal 

The Cost to the State of the Soadly Unlit, by Hary 

Wndror 22'2 

THE BWX OP Lm, by Upton b'mcloir-A Porntt 

INPAXT Mo~T-, by Hugh Aahby 

WHAT'S WP0Nal WITH h GlBl4 by BsatTWe Forb##- 

Robertton Halo-Hdm Qlsnn Tyron 

THE SZCUET OF WOIL~X, by Helm Jarme-Helm 

240 

240 

241 

A remarkable summa of the unprotltahle Invptments of 

the athens of penJvanls m mtlt ~ ~ e s 

Qlmn Tyaon 

Boons Rremo 

241 

241 

The Viszon of George Drydale, bv Maruarst Bangsr 225 pmronr- Ua 

The third part of Marrant Sengerm noble appredation 

of thin major Prophet of Birth Contd 

AN APPEAL OF NEW YOPX WOXKN Vmm 2b3 

Ptlbltshed by THE AMERICAN BIBTH CONTROL LEAGUE 

Monthly on the first of each month Subscr~pt~on pnce, $2 00 a year 

Bntwad tu B ~ c Cbr d Matter, March 11,1918, at tha portoflcs at N6W Pork, N I, under the Act of Xarch 3,1879

he BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW 

OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE 

Fom Stem to Osr Coal-Agxhhon, Edwat~w, OrganuPhon. hdatwn 

MARGARET SANGER, Ehtor 

VOL VII SEPTEMBER, 1923 No 9 

W 

Immigration an d Birth Control 

ITH the first of each month untll the yearly ad&tlon, the law excluded crmnals, polygamsts, 

quotas are exhausted, come the recurrent anarchsts, prostitutes, Chmese laborers and men 

stones of the racmg of steamshps to New York, or women commg under contract to take jobs m the 

the jockey~ng for places at Quarantme, m order Umted States-the last clause bemg amed at the 

that the shps may make sure that then passengers pract~ce of certam employers of engagmg workw~ll 

be adnutted under them respective quotas, and ers In Europe at low wages m order to meet the efthe 

overcrow&ng of ~mgrant quarters at Elhs forts of Amerlcan labor to ralse ~ ts standard of hv- 

Island The newspapers pnnt stones of hardshps mg All these exclusions are stlll m force, m ad&suffered 

by detalned m~grants, of plt~ful separa- tlon to the three per cent restrlctlon 

tlons between members of a famly when a s~ster, When the crowds of would-be ~mnngrants are rut 

a brother, a son, or a daughter 1s refused entrance, our gates clamoring for entry, ~t 1s easy to see the 

of the pamful posltlon of people who have sold up effect that they would have on our soc~al Me If 

all thelr possessions and spent almost all thelr sub- we admt men by the thousands who wlll accept 

stance to get to the promised land, only to f3nd the wages far below the Amencan rates, [the prlce of 

gate shut m them faces because them country's labor must go down If we pemt the entry of the 

quota 1s already exhausted And yet the general dseased, our taxes and the cost of our chant~es wdl 

sent~ment of rthe nat~on 1s sol~dly behmd some re- be Increased for them care and mamtenance, and 

str~ct~on of mgrat~on, and, ~f avoidable hardshps for the care of those to whom they wdl comrnmcrute 

and &ff~cult~es could be ebated from the pres- thew malahes If we adnut the mentally defecent 

system, there would be httle objection to the t~ve we run the rlsk not only of havlng to support 

law, execpt from those employers who look only them In jalls, asylums, or other mst~tut~ons, but also 

for an mehate supply of cheap labor 

of havlng to care for hordes of feeble-mmded chll- 

The law, as ~t stands at present, pemts the entry dren whom they would generate The lepslat~on 

of a number of ahens of any natlonahty not exceed- excludmg such people 1s reasonable and eugemc 

lng three percent of these nationals enumerated m But why do we stop there? Why do we prevent 

the census of 1910 Before ~t was passed m 1921, the adht~on to our burdens of paupensm, s~ckness 

Congress rece~ved and considered tons of evldence and mental defect from abroad, and rut the same 

concemng the mjury to our natlonal hfe through t~me, by laws on our Federal and State statute 

the adnuss~on each year of hordes of lmrmgrants books, actually compel slrmlar addlt~ons through 

whom we were not able to assdate The country the blrth of unfit Amencan c~tmns on our own sod? 

was m danger of be~ng swamped by hundreds of Much of the ~mrmgrat~on legslahon has been passed 

thousands of ahens speakmg unknown languages, at the behest of Amencan labor If the labor leadwhom 

we could not educate, and could not ralse to ers were really enhghtened as regards the welfare 

the Amencan standard of hvmg Yet lmrmgrat~on of the great mass of Amerlcan workers, they would 

was by no means unrestncted when the law of 1921 demand checks on the cormng of undesirables by 

was passed Under a senes of laws, the passage of blrth as well as undesirables by mgratlon They 

wh~ch began m the early eighteen-e~ght~es, the would repudiate mth energy and mdlgnat~on the 

Umted States excluded ~&ots, mbecdes, feeble- mamtenance of laws whlch actually prevent the 

rmnded persons, ep~lephcs, msane persons, persons mothers and fathers from checkmg such arnvals, 

of constltut~onal psychopathc mfenonty, paupers, however con-~lced those parents may be of the 

persons acted wlth tuberculos~s or mth a loath- vrong they are domg to themselves, to the~r unborn 

some or dangerous contaaous disease, all mentally chlldren and ko soc~ety through unrestncted parentdefectme 

persons and persons mth phys~cal defects age If Amer~can Labor took up the cause of Blrth 

whch would affect then abhty to earn a hving In Control, ~t could create a pubhc opuuon before

whch the outworn and dysgemc laws whch now 

disgrace our statute books would be qulckly swept 

away Health centers, and especially pre-natal and 

matermty centers would then be manned or "wo- 

manned" as carefully as are our immgration por- 

tals Large famhes, where the wages of the fath- 

er were such as to make impossible proper care, pro- 

tection, education, freedom from chlld-labor and op- 

portunity for a start m hfe for each baby, would be 

sternly discouraged, and the man and woman who 

persisted m procreatmg chlldren they could not care 

for, would be made to feel the weight of pubhc re- 

probaixon Careful precaution would be taken 

against the entry of tuberculous babies, or babies 

hable to become tuberculous on account of the con- 

dtion of them parents, of babies wuth loathsome con- 

tapous dseases and especially of feeble-mmded or 

epdepixc babies The gates of hie would be 

guarded with as much care as at Eks Island-mth 

far better effect~veness because the care could be 

extended over the hves of the parents, mthout the 

sudden penods of stress and overcrowdmg whch 

make impossible proper exammatlon of each md- 

vldual by medcal and other mspectors Every mar- 

nage certificate could be accompamed mth instruc- 

tlons concemg the hgh responsibhty of parent- 

hood, and the condtions whch should pre-exist be- 

fore the great enterprise of bmgmg a new human 

bemg lnto existence should be undertaken, and 

measures would be taken to exclude from parent- 

age the mamfestly and permanently udt 

HERE is another aspect of the present Amer- 

T can pohcy of restnotlng murugration Contemplatmg 

the poverty-stncken condixon of the 

countnes of post-war Europe, one is apt to feel 

that our restnct~ve laws, however well adapted to 

secure our own welfare, are selfish and cruel to the 

workless and stamg people of Europe who ask 

only a chance of eamg a hvlng But supposing 

that we removed all restrictions and adrmtted freely 

all the ahens desirmg to enter the Umted States, 

would the world m the long run be benefited? The 

laws of populahon are well-known How would 

they work under such condtions7 As rapidly as 

the steamshps could carry them the people who 

could get away from Great Bntam, Italy, Greece, 

Turkey, Belgum, Spam and all the countnes of 

Eastern Europe and Western Asia would land on 

our shores Clamomg for work m our mdustnes, 

they would brmg down the rates of wages They 

would overcrowd stdl more our already over-mwded 

slum areas They would exhaust the capacity 

of our Whhons for paupers, crmmals and defectives 

Soon the over-crowdmg would be so great 

that condixons here would offer no mprovement 

over conhtlons m Europe, and the rate of -pa- 

Btrth Control Review 

tion would slacken In the meantme, followmg a 

well-known biological law, mth the hfting of pressure 

m the countries from whch the -grants 

had come there would be an ~mmedate rlse in the 

birth rate and an mcreased survlval rate Ths 

would go on until the former level of absolute saturation 

had been reached, and msery and starvation 

Intervened to keep a forced balance of death and 

birth rates AU the imgratlon that Amenca 

could receive would make no permanent d~fference 

to the congestion of population m Europe, and the 

only result would be to reduce our level of hvrng 

and welfare to that of the countnes whence our m- 

nugrants had come In fact, condhons would be 

even worse, for through the reduction of wages 

and the standard of hvmg, America would no longer 

have the purchasmg capacity whch it now enjoys, 

and the countnes of Europe would lose the market 

whch now enables them ,to dspose of some of 

their products These results are clearly seen by 

our economists who support the restriction of urngration 

They are also perceptible to the men and 

women who have gven close attention to our labor 

problems But the results to any country are sumlar 

whether the lmgration is from ahen countries 

or "from Heaven" Why it is that ~t 1s so 

dfficult to convlnce people that natural laws work 

to our dsaster when these laws concern human 

reproduction, and that it IS high tme that we should 

take m hand the restramt of nature made poss~ble 

by the pft to mankind of intelhgence and wisdom? 

News Notes 

Ths month Mrs Sanger has been carrying the 

message of Blrth Control to the Far West She 

has been m Bnixsh Columbia, the Yukon and 

Alaska, delivered a second lecture in Vancouver, B 

She went p mnly for a vacation, but it was m- 

possible for her to refuse mvltatlons to speak A 

fuller account of her work wdl be given later 

July 19-Margaret Sanger spoke before the 

Woman's Club at Skagway, Alaska Thls club con- 

sists of the fine ploneer women of the extreme 

Northwest 

July 23 -Mrs Sanger, upon her return from 

Alaska, dehvered a second lecture m Vancouver, B 

C After her &st lecture here, some weeks ago, a 

General Comttee was formed to make adequate 

arrangements for her reurn engagement The nu- 

cleus of a Canadan Branch of the Binth Control 

League was formed mth Mr A M Stephen, B 

Sc as President, Mrs Ethel B Summers as Fmst 

Vlce-President, Mrs Dr W H Curry as Second 

Vice-President and Mrs Scott Drummond as Sec 

Treas

September, 1923 

In response to a specla1 request, Mrs Sanger quest~on of Blrth Control into pract~cal pohtlcs, and 

spoke on "The H~story of the Blrth Control Move- to present ~t to canhdates for elect~on There are 

ment" at Hamdton Hall The audence hstened many Stakes bes~des New York m whch amendmth 

keen mterest to her address and there were no ments of the law are necessary to make Blrth Conhssentmg 

volces heard m the &scuss~on whch fol- trol lnformat~on avdable Advocates of Blrth Conlowed 

Ths was, to Mrs Sanger, a rather unlque trol m these States would do well to pay attent~on 

experience Her many fnends and supporters here to the recommendat~orn made by Mrs Bhgs 

regret that she was not able to stay longer mth 

them to ass~st m the orgamzat~on of the new League A FIGHT IN CHICAGO 

However, upon her return to Vancouver, they hope The Ihols Blrth Control League is makmg a 

to encourage her m her work by mtroducmg her to strenuous fight to estrt'bhsh a Blrth Control Chmc 

a mhtant branch of the Blrth Control Movement m Chcago Apphcat~on was made at the begvl~llng 

act~vely engaged m puttmg mto prad~ce the Ideals of August to Health Comrmss~oner Bundesen for 

for whch she stands 

a hcense to open the chmc Ths st~rred up the 

July 23 -The Legslatwe Comrmttee of Cedar- author~t~es and the health comrmssloner announced 

hurst, L I , held a meetmg to arrange for me&- helf absolutely opposed to Birth Control But 

ate prehmmary work m conned~on nth the can&- the apphcat~on to the Assistant Corporat~on Coundates 

for the New York Legslature 

sel, Mr Frank M Pudden, resulted In an opmon 

July 24 -The final steps were taken m the legal that there was no law on the Ilhols S~tatute Book 

d~ssolut~on of the New York Women's Pubhshmg to prevent the mamtenance of such a chc Bunde- 

Company Henceforth the Blrth Control Remew sen was not satisfied He was detemed to h d 

will be pubhshed by lthe Amer~can Blrth Control out whether there was any law compehg hun to 

League of whch ~t has been the offiaal organ smce Issue a perrmt, and declared thak m hs opmon the 

1921 

movement for Blrth Control from a health pomt of 

August 3 -Mrs Frank M Leamtt, Cha~rman of 

mew would nun the nat~on, that ~t was brealung 

the SufTolk Co Legslart~ve Comrmttee, and Mrs 

down the law of God and a dangerous thg for 

Anne Kennedy, Execut~ve Secretary of the Amerc~vhzabon. 

Un&sturbed by Comrmss~oner Bundecan 

Blrth Control League, left Smthtown for a 

sen's personal opmons, the League went ahead m 

as prepmaborn to open the chc, for whch ~t had 

three days' canvass of the county to secure members taken prermses at 347 North Lmcoln Street. Dr 

for Ithe Comttee 

Rachelle Yams of Hull House, well known m 

August 6 -Mrs Margaret Sanger spoke before progresswe health work, has been engaged to conthe 

Denver Women's Club, Mrs Herbert M duct ~t. 

Monroe, Pres~dent of the Club, took the cham and The controversy augurs much mterest m Chcsgo 

introduced Mrs Sanger The hall was so crowded for the Blrth Control Conference of the mddle 

that an overflow meetmg had to be held afterwards Western States whch 1s to be held at the Hotel 

to enable all the audlence to hear Mrs Sanger It Drake m that sty, October 29,30 and 31 

1s probable that a Colorado Branch wdl be estabhshed 

as a result of the meetmg And lthe women NEWS FROM ENGLAND 

are anxious to proceed at once to the estabbhment 

of a chc W e m Denver, Mrs Sanger recelved On July 20 the Cod of Appeal m London ana 

most hosp~table welcome from Judge Ben Lmd- nounced ~ ts opuuon reversmg the judgment of the 

Lord Chef Juhce m the hbel case of Dr Mane 

EY 

Stopes apst Dr Halhday G Sutherland The 

August 9 -Mrs Auue Kennedy and Mrs Juh& case, an account of whch was glven m our Apnl 

Barrett Rublee started for Yucatan, Mex~co Them Issue, was brought by Dr Stopes as a protest 

vls~t 1s m response to an lnvltrut~on from Dr Ber- agamst statements made concemg her Blrth Connardmo 

Ennqua, Director of the Medlcal Depart- trol Chc, m a book agad Blrth Control written 

ment of the Nat~onal Uqerslty, Menda Dr En- by Dr Sutherland In response to the mstruchons 

r~quez has arranged to have Mrs Kennedy address of the Lord Chef Just~ce, the Jury brought m a 

a meetmg of doctors, whch 1s to be held for the dw vedct under four heads (1) that the statements 

cuss~on of the subject of contracept~on After spend- were defamatory to the plamw, (2) that statemg 

a week m Menda, Mrs Kennedy and Mrs Rub- ments of fad were true m substance and m fad, 

lee wdl proceed to Mex~co C~ty, where they wdl (3) thait expresslorn of opmon were not fam wmprepare 

for a meetmg to be addressed by Mrs San- ment, (4) damages one hundred pounds The 

gel. 

Lord Chef Jusbce found that the ver&&t was m- 

We would call Blttent~on to the appeal Issued by consistent, that ~f the statements of fact were true 

the New York Legslatme Comrmttee to bnng the there was no clam for damages He accordmgly set

222 ?~rth Control Renew 

as~de the vdct and found for the defendant Jus- to do mth them, and he had also no reason to beheve 

lxce Bankes who dehvered the judgment of the that the defendant hmself had anythmg to do wnth 

Court of Appeal found on the contrary that the them He thought ~t nght to say that such comjury 

had a nght to find aga~nst the defendant on rnun~cat~ons were absolutely Improper, and that 

the ground of unfalr comment, and reversed the wr~tmg khem was pwshable as contempt of court 

judgment of ithe Lord Ch~ef Justwe, awardmg the In a sense they were worse than Improper, because 

damages assessed by the jury to Dr Stopes Judge they were e~ther useless or worse than useless Every 

Smutton, who concurred m the judgment, stated judge had a large wastepaper basket mto whch 

that durmg the t~me the case was pendmg he had such cornmunica~ons were placed, as soon as them 

been pestered nth anonymous commwcat~ons nature was ascertamed If they had any effect, and 

aga~nst B~rth Control, all advocat~ng the defend- he hoped they had not, ~t was to creiute a bias agamst 

ant's s~de Of course, he acqulted the legal repre- the s~de that was foohsh enough to make use of such 

sentalxves of the defendant from havlng anyth~ng mproper commmcatlons 

The Cost to the State of the Socially Unfit 

A Paper Read at the Ftfth Internatwnul Btrth Control Conference, London 

HEN the Amer~can B~rth Control League Bemg a Soc~ahst I am not one of those who 

W mvited me to wr~te a paper for ths dustr~ous grudge State a ~d Pubhc funds gven to the pubhc 

conference, "The Cost to the State of Unlulunlted schools, to parks, playgrounds, baby chcs, rmlk 

Motherhood" was suggested as a t~tle But it stat~ons, and mothers' penslons may be well m- 

seemed better to call ~t "The Soclally Hanhcapped vested But ~t behooves all of us, espec~ally those 

and the Soc~ally Unfit" It 1s lmposs~ble to estl- who hold ths pomt of new, to look sharply mto the 

mate what proport~on of the unfit is due to dun- quest~on of how our money 1s bemg spent, whether 

ited parenthood, how many are born unfit, and how we are gettmg first rate human matenal In return 

many have acheved lths durmg them hves or "damaged goods " 

It can be confidently sa~d that the unfit ex~st m I had mtended to base ths paper enlxrely on 

great numbers at vast expense to the commww stuhes made m my nat~ve StatePe~sylvama, 

It 1s worth whle to draw attent~on, even made- the second most powerful and mfluentlal State m 

quakely, to these fads m order to arouse sympathy the Umon Many of the large Amencan fortunes 

for our cause among the duenhal and the wealthy are made m Pennsylvama, m the steel mlls or the 

They are mdlfferent, owlng to the ease mth wh~ch coal mmes Oppossed to th~s colossal wealth 1s povthey 

can obtam contraceptlve mformat~on for them- erty on a huge scale And m th~s great mdustrial 

selves The problems of poverty and a large fam- commwty, so much m need of Birth Control, we 

dy do not trouble them, except as kax payers and have, m addut~on to the Federal law whch precontributors 

to ph~lanthroptc orga~llzatlons We vents the sendmg of contracept~ve mfonnat~on 

need them support It IS all very well to say "Set through the mads, a State law whlch makes it m- 

up B~rth Control chcs among the poor" But poss~ble for a phys~c~an to gve such mformation 

heretofore a few-Dr and Mrs Drysdale for m- even to a hseased woman It may throw an mterstance-have 

borne the hanaal burden of such un- estmg hght on Amer~can poht~cs d I ltell you that 

dertalungs and it 1s t~me now that we turned to the the Pennsylvan~a State Department of Chant~es 

r~ch 

dumg five years hd not make a report of any kmd' 

Much p~ty has been lavlshed on the un-g So you see m Amenca ~t 1s not the way of the transmother, 

but very httle on the unwlhng tax-payer gressor that IS hard, but lthe way of the mnvest~gator 

Yet it 1s proverbla1 In Amencan reform c~rcles thiut and the soc~al reformer I hope th~s may partly 

the only way to make the average comfortable c~b- expla~n and excuse some of the deficlencles m th~s 

sen move IS to touch the "pocket nerve " An ex- paper 

penenced soc~al worker who was lund enough to as- Let us begm by loolung at some facts and stat~ss~st 

me In gathemg data for ths paper says that t~cs suppl~ed us by the Federal Government, specsthe 

Amencan busmess man, who pays heavy taxes cally by the War Department: as Ito the defects 

and contr~butes generously to chanty has no Idea found m the enhsted men 

how h~s money IS bemg wasted Let us all, m our 

several commun~t~es, gather mformation to enhghten 

hun

I September, 1923 223 

Here we learn that of the number of 2,753,922 As I sald before, thls may seem to be a worthmen, 

who were exarmned to fumsh the statlstlcs while expendlture But let us hear the oplmon of 

discussed, there were found 468 defectlve men per an expert Dr Arneha D Dranga of Pittsburgh 

thousand exanmed It may be regarded as surpns- who has done us the honor to go on the board of our 

mg that not more defects were detected Probably newly organized Pennsylvama Branch of the Amerthey 

would have been had the examnatlons been ]can Birth Control League, wrltes as follows "I am 

less expeditiously conducted On the other hand, the medlcal &rector of the Pittsburgh and Allegmany 

of the defects are obviously only such from a heny Mllk and Ice Assoaatlon, and every Tuesday 

ditary standpomt So it 1s about fifty-fifty and Saturday mornlng our two secretaries and I 

Defects of a mechamcal sont, mvolvlng bones, have large chmcs of seventy to a hundred and more 

jo~nts and the appendages of the hands and feet and mothers with then bables, we welgh the bables, look 

weak feet were commonest, and constituted about them over, we doctor both mothers and bables, and 

39 per cent of all Defects of the sense organs about we fumsh them mllk We teach the mothers how 

12 per cent, tuberculosls and venereal dlsease to- to feed and care for thelr bab~es, and we often find 

gether about 11 per cent 

mothers nurslng a baby fourteen, slxteen months, 

and up to two years old, because the poor mothers 

I have no stat~st~cs with regard to tuberculosls, are determmed they will have no more babies and 

but the Umted States Interdepartmental Soc~al 

that 1s the only way they know how to prevent it 

Hygene Board, through ~ ts Executive Secretary, 

In fad, ~t IS the only Blrth Control they know I 

Dr Valeria H Parker, sends the followmg "The 

have plcked out a few cases whch sadly show the 

Amencan Soclal Hygene Assoclatlon estmates 

need of Blrth Control just m our own httle group 

the cost of venereal dlsease in Illlnols to be $188,- 

I am senlng you a copy, because these cases Illus- 

000,000 a year The cost of venereal dlsease m trate phases of thls great subject 

Ohio has been placed at $~OO,OOO,OOO The cost 

to the army dumg the world war was placed at "Baker, Colored famlly Have 8 chldren, lang- 

$72,000,000 In 1919 venereal disease cost the Ing from 11 years to 7 months Is llkely pregnant 

Umted States army $15,000,000, in 1920 $5,500,- agaln Chlldren are all rachlt~c, oldest child tuber- 

000, m 1921 $4,400,000 I am sen&ng you under cular Man llkely syphllltlc Two of the chlldren 

another cover, a copy of the Annual Report of the are patlents of the Eye and Ear Hosp~tal for eye 

Board for the fiscal year endmg June 30, 1921 trouble 

You wlll note m thls report certaln figures mth "Berwlck Famlly conslsts of man, wife and 4 

reference to the cost of venereal &sease The es- ch~ldren, oldest 7 years of age Man is a drunkard 

tlmated wage loss due to venereal dlsease 1s $69,- I talked to woman about havlng a big famllg She 

000,000 a year, based upon an average dally wage remarked her husband's mother had 14 chlldren, her 

of $12 At the present tme the average perlod husband was a drunkard, and all his brothers of the 

dunng whlch a solher 1s lncapacltated with vene- same type 

real disease is thrty-seven days, and the cost of "Dl Clcco Itallan family Have 5 chlldren, baby 

handhng a case is approximately $7 80 a day " 13 months old Woman has had two abortions since 

the b~rth of the last chlld 

Now let us turn to somethmg whlch at first sight 

"Draper Man 1s a drunkard Have 6 chddren, 

seems more cheerful than venereal dlseaseday 

among them twins, one of whlch has slnce dled Twins 

nurseries The Phlladelpha Association of Day were llkely syphlltlc Another ch~ld born slnce the 

Nursenes, through ~ts execut~ve secretary, Miss twlns 1s a good-looklug baby 

Frances Colbourne, sends us the followmg "There 

"Dubee Famlly conslsts of man, wlfe and 

are slxty-two nurseries m Pennsylvania but I am 

6 chlldren 

Man 1s t b and two of the chlldren are t b 

unable to state the spec~fic cost Some of the Cath- Otherwise a very good type famlly Man 1s armous 

ollc and many of the poorer standard nursenes fall to work, when able, and woman 1s a splendld houseto 

issue any annul report I can only gve you a keeper 

rough estlmate of the cost of day nursenes, as they "Davls Wlfe 1s feeble-mnded and syphlhtlc 

vary considerably according to slze and standards has 2 ch~ldren by husband, who deserted several years 

of semce Even In our Assoclatlon we range from ago, and has had 2 dlegltlmate chlldren since 1919 

$2,400 to 8,600 An average based on experience, Baby is a wretched looklng case Is now havlng hodplus 

actual statlstlcs, suggests $5,000 per year as pltal care 

the approximate cost As there are 610 nursenes In "Ford Colored famlly, who have needed the supthe 

country, this would mean a total expendlture ( f port of many different agencles Have 6 children, 

$5,500 a year Of course the parents pay a small oldest one being 15 years old Woman has had 6 

fee, but I thlnk thls sum could be d~sregarded as I miscarriages Chlldren not healthy loolung 

conslder the figure I have gven you to be a mnl- "Graff Woman aged 28 Has been marrled 11 

mum total estlrnate " 

y6ars and has had 10 pregnancies, 4 llvlng chlldren

oldest one bang 16 years old Chlldren not healthy Commss~oners of Pubhc Char~t~es for 1921-23 

loolung 

'WcGrath Man, wlfe and 9 chddren, oldest beq 13 years, baby 2 months Married 14 years, woman 

32 vears old 

states that the Lepslature of 1919 appropr~ated 

for the mdlgent Insane $4,390,000, and the amount 

recommended to wver the penod from June 1,1921 

to Mav 31. 1923. was $5.000.000. and that the to- 

"McM11hn Woman is feeble-nunded and m need 

of aid from hfferent agencies Man deserted, leav- 

lng her with 3 chlldren Poor loolung chddren Wo- 

man 1s wretched housekeeper and takes poor care of 

baby 

"Pervado Famlly conststs of man who 1s syphl- 

lltlc and works only at tunes, woman who M a poor 

housekeeper and not very lntelllgent Woman, aged 

30 vears has had 9 chddren. 5 hvinp Marned at 15 

ye& of age Has been a pubhc chuarge all her mar- 

ned hfe 

"Parker Famlly have 3 chlldren Man spent some 

time ln jad for abuslng wlfe Woman and baby both 

have actlve syphdls Woman 1s now havlng treat- 

ment Man has since deserted agaln 

"Pelusso Famlly have 6 chlldren Man M a dmg 

adhd using morphne Woman has been In hospltal 

under treatment for gonorrheal lnfectlon Man 

has been to several ~nstitutions for treatment 

man has had 2 chddren slnce hls return. 

Wo- 

"Perluns Colored famdy Man is almost bhnd 

and not able to do very much work Have 7 chd- 

dren and another 1s expected Have been under the 

care of many agencles Chlldren rachtlc Woman 

very poor housekeeper 

"Sanetlk Pollsh fanuly of a falrly good type 

Man 1s t b , but at present 1s dolng hght work Have 

7 chlldren under 11 years of age Chddren are all 

very thln and dellcate loolung Woman 1s very m- 

dustr~ous, as 1s man Have needed some assistance 

"Gatto Itahan fanuly Woman aged 26 years, 

has had 9 pregnancles and has 4 hvmng chddren. Is 

below the average In intelligence, and 1s qmte care- 

less ~n the care of the chddren 

"Supra Itahan famdy Woman has had 10 

pregnancles In 9 years Has 6 hnng chddren and 

1s pregnant agamn Three younger chddren are not 

able to walk, 2 of them havlng been to hospital hav- 

Ing braces adjusted Woman is a poor housekeeper 

Man does not look after h~s fady as he should Woman 

1s about 28 years old 

"Rozeo Itahan fady Have 10 hnng chddren, 

woman not havmng had any nuscarnages Man 1s 

not strong and works very Irregularly Oldest cud is 16 years old " 

It scarcely seems worth whlle, does ~ t r But m 

Phlladelpha 25,000 chddren are belng supported 

by pnvate agencles at a cost of $7000,000 a year 

The Pennsylvma Le~slature m 1919 made an appropnation 

of upwards of $2,708,635 to cover for 

two years the cost of four lnst~tutions for the feeblemmded 

The prehary report of the Board of 

. - . , 

tal appropr~at~ons for 'the care and treatment of 

the mhgent msane from 1885 Ito 1921 was $40,688,- 

966 The Nat~onal Comttee for Mental Hygene 

In a pamphlet ent~tled "Comparabve Stat~stlcs for 

State Hosp~tals for Mental D~seases," by Horat~o 

M Pollock, Ph D and Ehth M Furbush, says 

that the expenhture for maintenance for seven 

Pennsylvan~a State Hosp~tals for Mental Dlseases 

m 1920 amounted to more than $2,586 089 Ths IS, 

of course, pubhc money and q ~te mdependent of 

pnvate expend~tures 

We feel the Impulse to cry out that far too much 

1s bemg even for such purposes Alas! under our 

present soc~al system we are not pvmg too much, 

but far too hbtle The Nat~onal Comttee for 

Mental Hygene, m a pamphlet called "A Natlonal 

Defic~t" (1920) says "No State has prov~ded adequately 

for more than ten per cent of ~ts mental defechves 

What of the other mety per cent?" What 

mdeed? I know hat m my own Pe~sylvama, less 

than ten years ago, there were over 10,000 feeblermnded 

women of chdd-beamg age roammg around 

over the State, the vast majonty of them presentmg 

the commumty w~th a chdd every year The Pennsylvma 

Department of Pubhc Welfare, m a letter 

dated June 14,1922, says the cost of operatmg the 

pemtent~anes and reformatones 1s upwards of $2,- 

433,180, and the cost of forty county jads 1s upwards 

of $2,676,174, totallmg $5,109,854 

I have not tlme nor space to tell of the mst~tut~ons 

for fr~endless chddren, homes, refugees orphan asylums, 

to provlde for those Itq whom the b~tter words 

of Heme mght be apphed, Am besten war es, me 

geboren sem" (it 1s slgmficant that many of these 

mshtut~ons beloner to our opponents of the Roman 

Cathohc ~hurchc nor of i6e deaf, the dumb, the 

bhd, the cripples, drlnk and drug adhcts, nor the 

hosp~tals sheltermg vast numbers of the unfit To 

mamtam these the pockets of the fit are bemg 

p~cked, them resources dramed It would be out of 

the quest~on for me to do justice to ;ths subject 

But I hope th paper may msplre others more 

capable than I am to prepare stuhes for hstnbut~on 

m the~r own cornmumties whch wdl rouse 

up the nch and duentlal to a sense of them 

respons~bihties towards ths presslng problem 

In conclus~on, let me express my thanks to those 

who orgalllzed ths Conference, for the prlvllege of 

t~kmg part m its dehberat~ons and assure them 

that, armed mth the prest~ge of havlng been part of 

such an epoch-malung gathermg, we shall return to 

our respective countr~es strengthened for the magnficent 

work before us

The Vision of George Drysdale 

I I11 

ples drawn from literature and art, hlstory and bi- 

The revelation in modein psychology, for which ography, so Drysdale pointed out that in studpg 

we are mostly indebted to Sigmund Freud, is human nature the sc~entists, to undkrstand the 

marked by the shifting emphasis and mterest from gerieral cause of health and disease, must bethe 

intellectual to the mstinctive, from the descrip- come acquainted with the world of creative extlve 

to the behaviorist~c It is based upon the apph- pression True scientists "should seek to enter Into 

cation of scientific determination to the mental the thoughts of religious and moral thinkers, for all 

sphere It tends to he- 

of them are in their own 

come more and more 

sphere physicians, and 

physiolog~cal and biolog- 

them every thought has a 

ical It reveals the hu- 

physical and moral imman 

mind as subject to 

port " To make any adnatural 

automatic pro- 

vance in thls field, he 

cesses, wlth sex as the 

polnted out, perseverunconscious 

dynamic 

ance and the combined 

and motivating force m 

eff ortofmanyworkersare 

all the more important 

needed Medlcine must 

phases of human behav- 

be combined w~th other 

lor Drysdale was not 

sciences, and, until the 

merely a vague precur- 

public is as well insor 

of thls modern point 

formed on physical as 

of view Though his con- 

on psychic subjects and 

tribution in this field is 

as thoroughly conversant 

slight, he realized the ab- 

with them paramount unsolute 

Interdependence 

portance, we cannot exof 

bodily and mental 

pect any true progress 

health, and cried out for 

He also saw the ada 

creative and illummat- 

vance of the method of 

ing psychology which 

analysis, in enconr~lging 

might free indinduals 

the patient to reveal himfrom 

t h e i r mnsible 

self Any true underchains 

It was because 

standing of mental disof 

his msistence that this 

ease or unbalance, he felt 

realm must be studled as 

would be barren and m- 

scientifically as the hu- 

com~lete without this 

1 

man body, and his behef GEORGE DBYSDALE 1886-1904 

self-revelation, just as 

that mental science must morahty and rellgion 

be free of all theoretical and metaphysical tradition, were barren and incomplete before men began 

that he may be called one of the true founders of the to think on these subjects for themselves He denew 

psychology plored the fad that very few mehcal men had ever 

The spiritual and the physical life of man, he thought of allowing their patients to speak for 

pointed out, are organically united The one can- themselves in their diagnoses Intent on arriving at 

not be understood without the other The physical physical fads and physical conclusions, physicians 

enters equally with the psphlc element m every hu- of his day paid apparently httle attent~on to the 

man question Insanity and all mental diseases, of mental state of the patient, whlch, as he pointed out, 

whlch there is a particular d~seased bodily state to forms no less a part of the disease In quest~on,ng 

correspond mth each one, should all come, he felt, a patient they sought to bnng him as soon as posunderthepatientinvestigationof 

thescientist Drys- sible to the physical point, "checlnng has drgresdale 

foresaw the present development in psychology szons and the out-pounng of hzs suffering heart " 

in lndicatlng that the true analyst must be famliar On the other hand, the psychology of that art~ficlal 

not only with physical habits, but with mental era was as barren and unfmtful, as we could well 

habits also Just as psycho-analysts are able to sub- expect it to be It limited itself, as any reader of 

stantiate and illummate their discoveries by exam- the old textbooks remembers, to descriptive analy-

sis of intellectual and mental processess, with no reference 

to the unconscious physical or mstinctive behavior 

of the individual 

Drysdale was one of the first to see that these 

two things, to be of any real benefit to humamty, 

must be united and synthesized into a new science 

The modem analyst has to base hs therapy upon the 

ever-increasing revelations the in&vidual is able to 

make Drysdale foresaw some such method as ths 

by speaking of the value of the patient's hgressions, 

confesslow and outpourings He reahzed that the 

physician and science were losing in a great degree 

not only by the silencing of the feehgs, but also 

by their lack of insight into the psychology of health 

and disease This, he msisted, is as valuable a pant 

of medical knowledge as any other, and as Important 

for the prevention and treatment of disease 

and the advancement of health Every physical 

state has its pecuhar mental one, and to discover 

what this is, and the influence on the mnd of all 

bohly states, such as hystena and msamty, is a most 

essential branch of medicinal science This psychology 

of health and disease is to be obtained only by a 

study of every individual's mmd compared mth hs 

bodily condition, and a full knowledge of ths can 

be arrived at only by hs own revelatzone We want 

a whole man to sympathzze mth, not merely a body 

or a soul 

"How few subjective records of physical hfe are 

to be found in history!" he exclaimed "Among the 

numerous autobiographies that have been wntten 

by so many noble human bemgs, who has gven 

us any but the most meager details of hs physical 

hfe, even though its history may have been the most 

extraordinary, the most sadly eventful of the twm 

parts of his nature' Hence do all these men present 

to us most imperfect pictures Through all the tissues 

of their loves we do not know what physical 

threads have been interwoven, and therefore we can 

pass no sat~sfactory judgment on themselves or 

their actions But how unrnensely does the world 

lose by not having the fmts of their physical as 

well as their moral experiences! Had their penetrating 

mnds been as keenly directed to the physical 

goods and evils they encountered as to the mental 

ones, had they used, each in his own case, the subtle 

insight which personal expenence alone gives, would 

the world have been in as wretched a physical state 

as lt is, wlth so low a physical standard that health 

is not health, that there is a skeleton m every house, 

and a disease, secret or open, gnawing at the vltals 

of almost every one of us! Would we still be stum- 

Btrth Control Revsew 

We must study the language of the body, a language 

not confined to an age or a nation, but wlde 

and universal as humamty, in order that we may attain 

;to a hgher self-consciousness " 

He reverts tune after time, in the "Elements of 

Social Science," to this necessity of a new psychology 

One chapter is entitled "Subjective Medicine," 

another "Mental Disease," whde another chapter on 

hystena seems to me to be fundamentally in agreement 

mth the epoch-mahng study of Freud, pubhshed 

in 1895, the first book of the great Viennese 

pioneer In hs chapter on "MentalDisease," George 

Drysdale pomts out that the mnd, exactly like the 

body, operates accorhng to fixed natural laws 

Sorrow m the mnd corresponds to pain In the body 

In Freud's first book "Stuhen uber Hysterie" the 

point was made that "sexuahty plays a leading part 

m the causation of hystena " When we recall that 

Charcot was indifferent to the psychic side of his 

cases, that he regarded the recoption of a sex 

element in the causation of hsease as degradmg, 

and that Freud and Breuer in 1895 first launched 

the doctrine of sexual suppression, which is now 

the fundation pier upon whch the whole structure 

of the new psychology rests, we can gam some sense 

of Drysdale's lrnportance as the true pioneer of the 

whole modern outlook 

Verification of ths fad is to be stnkmgly found 

in hs chapter on mental hsease and hysteria He 

makes the unqualified statement that a morbid sexual 

state-both physical and mental-lies at the 

root of hysteria Compare this with the statement 

made by Freud in his first book that "the great 

majonty of serious neuroses m women arise from 

the marrlage bed " With none of the eqmpment 

of modern psychology and modern science at hls 

command Drysdale nevertheless reveals a dehte 

and concrete msight, stated in unequivocal terms, 

concerning the hysterical and neurotic charaoter 

He asks us to analyse the pecuhar mental and 

physical phenomena of hysteria, and to consider 

the disturbing influences which the systematic dema1 

and repression of natural deslre must have on 

the dehcate and susceptible prl He says it is impossible 

to avoid the conclusion that this suppression 

is the main cause of the hsease "The natural emotions 

are checked and thrown back upon themselves, 

and it 1s inevitable that they should become disordered 

and their disorder gradually implicate the 

whole nervous system " How closely he anticipates 

the very phraseology of the twentieth century psychology 

is inhcated in this str~hne: statement "The 

bhg on from age to age m the Same erroneous stream of feehng, instead of being allowed to flow 

tracks, and falling one after the other, hke sheep, onward in ~ ts natural channel m the hght of day, 

into the same pitfallst gladdenmg and fertihzlng all around, is pent up m 

"If we will not remaln thus ignorant, we must the gloomy aecTet caverne of the mzd, to cause there 

imbue our mnds equally with physical knowledge a deluge and desolation That, whlch should have

September, 19.23 

been the young gwl's pnde and dehght, becomes her reahzed by Drysdale He saw ths expressed m a 

shame and torture, she must conceal and stuIously morb~d cur~os~ty caused by the dense Ignorance and 

repress her eager and beautiful emokons, and can mhlb~tlons, whch gave nse to the demand for pruwe 

wonder that beddement and tlrmdlty and un- nent and stupld books publ~shed to grat~fy the sexpotence 

result? Nature cannot bear ths constant ually starved, m the degradat~on and corrupt~on of 

&ate of slavery, and ever and anon she shows m the mmds, m the mfanthsm and underdevelopmellrt of 

hysterical convulsions, m the wdd dehlous exc~te- men and women Because of ths ch11Ish cur~os~ty 

nent of nymphomanla, that she WIU not be repress- and Ignorant unagnat~on, because of the degraded 

:d " He reahzed that an age of spmtual Puntamsm feelmg of mystery, shame or Isgust, vaned only by 

md represslon was responsible for the mentable vulgar pretences of knowmgness, the soc~ety of hs 

spread of hyster~a and the mcreasmg numbers of tune was grossly perverted on all sexual matters 

neurokc women He saw that rank and morb~d Drysdale lnslsted that the laws of mmd are not 

pwth of sexual passlons was the outgrowth of one wht less defimte and mvaluable than those of 

these suppresslons Happmess 1s a sign of moral the body He saw that ~f psychology was to make 

iealth, joy and sorrow, accordmg to Drysdale, are any advance ~t must gve up ~ts metaphysical and 

)ur pdes to truth showlug us where we are nght supernatural assumpt~ons There 1s no thought, no 

md where wrong m the explorat~on of our bemg emotlon, no mstmot with us that is not subject to 

He saw long before the advance of modern pyschol- deh~te mechamsms, as certam and mvar~able as 

)gy that the mental element plays as unportant a physlcal or chemcal react~ons He reahzed that 

aart aa any other m the causat~on of physlcal Is- the psychology of hs day was stdl m a ruhmentary 

:a*, and to cure the latter, ~t IS just as requlslte to and even stagnant state "Its very first fundarpply 

remedles to the mental as to the boddy state mental axloms are not adrmbted, but all IS mvolved 

ro do ths, he sald, we must first be able to recopze m a paradox~cal mystlc supernatural obscunty " 

uhat IS the mental Isease and then to treat ~t ac- It was hs Idea that the two great natural pdes 

mrdmg to the pmc~ples of mental health Our ~g- to the understandmg of mental health and Isease 

iorance of the laws of our mmds has mvolved us, are joy and sorrow, correspondmg to the feelmgs of 

~ody and soul, m rum People pr~de themselves on Dam and lea sure m the bodv The ordlnarv stan- 

;hew woes, and glory m thew contempt of health dards of &oral excellence were obv~ously unh;althy, 

Even to-day we have not outgrown ths pnde m accordme to Drvsdale Manv of the characters 

iorrow and Isease 

most a&red b; Vlctonan mirahsts were to hm But Drysdale mslsted, hke the most advanced Infected mth Isease The great crylng need m 

)f modern psycho-blolog~sts, that the human body mlnd as well as body, he ms~sted, 1s not hum~hty nor 

n ~ ts lnteractlng mental and phys~cal aspects 1s the spw~tual sentunent, but self-rehance, expressive 

;ouchstone of moral truth, that ~ ts health or dlsease energy and an actlve enjoyment of hfe-m a word, 

s "tanpble and demonstrable " We see that joy health A true enjoyment of moral and splrltual 

md all the abed feehngs are hnked most closely nature, Drysdale clalmed, could only be obtalned by 

ulth the physlcal health and wellbemng, whereas sor- the comparatlve exammatlon of the mmds of all hv- 

-ow and all ~ ts msenes cause derangement and 1ll- ing belngs and by traclng our facult~es upward from 

~ealth of the bo&ly funct~ons m a measure exactly thew slmple expressions m the lowest animals to the 

>roport~onal to thew mtenslty and contmuance " very most compllcated state m humans Untll ths 

He saw that the great need of hls tlme, as ~t IS stdl IS done, he was convinced that there could be no real 

~f our own, was to &am a true Idea of what 1s health psychology "The sclence of comparatme psychol- 

~nd what 1s Isease The physlclan of mmd and body ogy," he wrote, "though ~t has yet scarcely an ex- 

:annot effect a cure ~f there 1s lurlung m the physlcal istence, opposed as ~t has been by our narrow con- 

( Ir mental svstem, a dlsease or derangement whch cept~on of the human mmd, wlll ultlrnately be recog- 

1s not recog&zed, and whch may be at&e bottom of mzed as equally mhspensable mth comparatlve 

all the symptoms He saw that the true orlgm of a anatomy m order to attam a true knowledge of our 

great many physical dlsea~s 1s In reahty to be found nature " In ths statement we h d m Drysdale a 

m depressed or anxious state of mmd In th~s way stnkmg antlc~patlon of the new psychology w~th ~ts 

he preceded the modern theones of complexes and stuIes of myth, folk-lore and prlnutlve man 

suppresslons, of morbld fears and compuls~ons It w suffacwnt to mentwn Lord Bacon, Sas Isaac New- 

Thus he urged upon physlc~ans to pay equal atten- ton, Alexander Humboldt, &r Charles LyeU, or Charles 

tlon to mental Isorder and to seek the true roots of Damn rn order to show that leraurc M not, as M clarmed, 

physlcal and mental unbalance 

a detmnent to aaprratwn It shows, on thc contrary, 

How mde-spread the action of convent~onal sex- that the want of st u a great burner to rntellectual excelual 

suppression and represslon as restnctlve and lence, thut poverty and momto- td cmh out mrL 

enslaving agencles upon human nature, was fully lrm of potentral Zzcnunnnes rn socwty LESTEB WAED

T 

Is Continence the Solution? 

Letters Showzng Some Dangers Attelldrng Thzs Form of Bzrth Control 

Bzrth Control Revlew 

HERE are mtzcs of Bzrth Control who contend that the only method that should be 

wed to regulute the number of a famly u contanace Other methoda are churactenaed 

by them as mtural and condemned on that score Contz~nce, ngoromly practrsed, rs an 

effecttve meana of control, but zt should be remembered that there are couples so fertale that 

any connectzon, at any tame, may and almost znevltably d l lead to pregmncy Fw such 

couples ten or twelve conmectaons zn a marned lzfe of twenty years or more would mean a 

famzly of ten or twelve children, even more cf some of the bzrth were tunm Could anythang 

be moi e unnatural than the marned lzfe of a yomg couple, ardently attached to each other, 

and yet practaszng m h complete "self-control" arr would grve them the famtly of two, three or 

four chzldren whom they could support? These letters tell the story of the fazlure of contznence 

- the mamages that mght be happy unth "arhfinal" Bzrth Control broken up and rendered 

muerable by the suppresszon of the natural expresmn of marned love, whrch so frequently 

results zn the ex%mctzon of love ztself There can be no surer road to broken homes, 

msery and dzvorce than the enfornng of conhnence, through fear, on couples not naturally 

adapted to the severe lzfe of celzbacy tn mrnage 

"NOT NATURAL NOR RIGHT" 

Dear Mrs Sanger Callforma 

Your wonderful book, "Woman and the New Race," 1s 

pnceless to me It 1s full of the thoughts that have been 

growlng in my mind for the last SIX years, but whlch, in 

my Ignorance, I could never have put Into words 

I am twente-four years old, and have two wonderful 

adorable, healthy chlldren My son 1s nearly five and my 

daughter is su months old I was marr~ed when I was 

e~ghteen years old and I had absolutely no knowledge of 

what marned life was I d~dn't even know what made 

bab~es, nor anythlng about sex I had always been 

sh~elded from th~ngs llke that We were marrled dur~ng 

have me worry, and as we know of no preventwe, he says 

he sees only one thng to do - absolute continence That 

would not be natural nor nght, and we could not 11ve 

together that way Nothlng but mlsery could poss~bly 

result from ~t You can understand what ~t would mean 

I love h~m and want to be everythlng to h~m Can't you 

please tell me the means of prevent~ng concept~on It 

would mean great happiness to me to know, and would be 

the means of my husband and I keep~ng our great love 

and trust and respect for each other 

A HUSBAND'S DILEMMA 

Dear Madam 

Maine 

the war and my husband was an av~ator I was w~th I have just fi~ushed readmg your book, "Woman and 

h~m In camp The ordeal of havlng a baby was qu~te the New Race," and I want to let you know how much 

terrlble to me then, and Sonny was born just fourteen I apprec~ate readlng same You see, ~t 1s not only In 

months after we were marrled Then there were no more New York your books are read, but also down here in the 

untll baby g~rl, SIX months ago 

small towns of Ma~ne, and I th~nk every word you wr~te 

Now, I must tell you that my husband and I love each 1s just as ~t should be, and I beheve that every man and 

other devotedly, and e~ther would do or suffer anyth~ng woman, marr~ed or slngle, would be a whole lot better off 

for the other Perhaps all th~s sounds ideal to you, and ~f they would read ~t, as there IS a whole lot of educat~on 

~t would be ~f ~t were not for one th~ng, wh~ch haunts me to learn from ~t, especially among the poorer classes of 

day and mght The only reason I had no more bab~es people, whch 1s the majonty of those who have to suffer 

IS because of my husband's great self-control He prom- most by havlng a large famly I, for one (although a 

lsed me I should not have any more babies ~f I d~dn't want man), have suffered a whole lot on account of havlng too 

them But last year the ~nev~table happened and I be- many chddren, not because I wanted them, but just be 

came pregnant Hanng just come to Callfornla, w~th no cause they happened to come along I have been marmoney 

but a small salary, and my father helpless and r~ed sixteen years and we have had s= chlldren So far, 

dependent on us, I was desperate for a t~me, although I I have been able to glve my famlly a good home and have 

d~d want another baby for Sonny s sake So we managed lived fairly well, but my wife haa always been %cry s~chly 

by do~ng w~thout everythlng but bare necess~t~es, and 

borrowing money, for whlch we are st111 In debt I 

She has kdney trouble and also has been operated on for 

different klnds of stomach troubles, also IS very nervous 

wouldn't m~nd belng poor, ~f I d~dn't have to llve In The four chlldren are healthy, but the last two were sevenccnstant 

fear of becomlng pregnant agaln That 16 month bab~es, one lived seven months and one died after 

mak~ng us both unhappy, and ~t 1s spolllng something three weeks After both these chldren were born, w~fe 

very preclous In our lives My husband says he can't was slck almost cont~nually, In bed for seven or e~ght

nth8 God knows I d ~d not want my dear mfe to have 

many chlldren, but what could I do, I myself was what 

I am twenty-mne years old, and have three chlldren, 

w~th JUS~ s~xteen months' d~fference between each one, the 

ou wdl call careful, but th~ngs dl happen, and my wmfe oldest bang four years old 

111 not have anythlng done to her In any way to get rtd Last November I became pregnant just after I weaned 

~t, for wh~ch I do not blame her The last t~me th~s the baby I was almost desperate and ready to do anyppened 

after I came home after be~ng away for three thing I had an abortlon produced the day after Thanksonths 

As I am a sea-captam, the first word she greeted 

e with after I came m through the door was "I am not 

glvlng and on the 17th of December I began to flow and 

did not stop untd the 16th of January, hanng three 

lng to hve w~th you as man and w~fe any longer You 

n do as you please, get a divorce or anyth~ng, but we 

hemorrhages dur~ng that t~me, and finally hanfig a second 

operat~on After that my husband refused to even 

cons~der such a th~ng agam, and as we could get no means 

Now, thts struck me l~ke a thunderstorm, you may of prevent~on we dcc~ded to absta~n ent~rely 

ne Of course, I would never th~nk of dlvorc~ng or 

g her, as up untd then we had always been as two 

, ever slnce we got marned, but she was so very 

I cannot tell you, Mrs Sanger, how thms has changed 

my hfe, or rather our l~ves I feel as though we are 

bound for a b~g smash very soon, unless I can find some 

ought up and scared that she d ~d not know what she 

a~d, and the doctor had told her that she had a very sllm 

means of establ~sh~ng normal relat~ons between us once 

more 

ance to he, whch, of course, made mt worse stlll Thls 

TERRIBLE QUARRELS 

now fifteen months slnce ths happened, my w~fe and I 

Dear Mrs Sanger 

Oh0 

ep m separate rooms when I am home, wh~ch IS about 

I have just fimshed redng your book, "Woman and 

ee mghts In every two or three months I st111 love 

the New Race " What a wonderful message you have for 

y mfe and want to be a true husband, but as I am st111 

women Your book 1s a great hght to them, and hke 

young man what can I do, my w~fe 1s a very affect~onate 

many more before me, I am comng to you for muformaoman, 

but cool as an iceberg She IS the best of mlfe 

t~on Please help me 

and mother I have never In these fifteen months tned to 

I am the oldest of slx lmvmg chddren, and have been 

force my wlfe to sleep w~th me, but have told her I th~nk 

marr~ed for nearly three years My husband 1s only of 

enough of her to leave her alone If I d ~d not love her 

the work~ng class, but we are try~ng to work together to 

as I do I don't th~nk I would eve her such a prouuse, but 

have a home and a place for our chmldren I have a 

it don't do me any good as far as my health 1s concerned 

baby boy ten months old He 1s such a strong, healthy 

I know that I am today a whole lot d~fferent from what 

boy that nurslng h~m has taken a great deal of my 

I used to be I am ~rntated every t~me when my wde 

strength I am always t~red, completely worn out NOW, 

even talks to any of our men fauuly fnends, but I cannot 

don't th~nk I am selfish and don't want any more chlldren 

help ~t Wtll you help us to l~ve a natural l~fe agaln, as 

because I do, but I would l~ke at least two or three years 

we used to, by gvlng me ~nformat~on wh~ch you possess 

between them- t~me to regaln my strength so my next 

In order to control blrth, d so, I wdl be very thankful to 

baby can have the same g~ft of health as the first one 

Sometimes when I thmnk of how my mother has to do - 

I "SEPARATION OR DEATH TO ME'' of course ~t ~sn't so bad now, as the ch~ldren are gettmng 

older - ~t makes my heart s~ck The terr~ble quarrels 

Dear Mrs Banger Pennsylvama between her and father, and now I know what they were 

I am a woman twenty-one years old I have bcen all about Father slanng hunself away and mother 

marned nearly three years One year after we were mar- worned, weak and hv~ng In dread all the tlme Help me, 

ned a baby erl was born to us I was smck for a long so my marrmed hfe wdl not be that way - so that my 

t~me and the doctor adv~sed me to have no more chddren, 

chddrcn mll be a jog and a hless~ng, and not a burden 

that ~f I brought another chdd Into the world ~t would to themselves and to soc~ety 

lull me I told my husband th~s, and kept away from lum, 

wh~ch caused trouble He hardly ever stays home ~n the 

evemng any more, sometmmes he don't come home for 

several days and never asks me to go along So I pray 

you wdl adolse me what to d~ prevent havtng any more 

ch~ldren If you wd grant me ths, I can galn back my 

husband's love and agaln be h~s wmfe Othennse, ~t wdl 

mean separahon or death to me 

A CASE FOR CONTROL 

Arkansas 

Dear Madam 

I am the wmfe of a hard-worlung poor farmer I have 

been marned two years and seven months I have had 

one mscarnage, and am the mother of two sweet baby 

erls, age 18 months and 5 months I would not take the 

world for them mf I could, but I feel ~t would be wrong 

"BOUND FOR A BIG SMASH" 

Dear Mrs Sanger 

New York 

For the past two years I have been a reader of your 

to bnng others into the world when I haven't the means 

to take good care of them 

I have learned of your noble work, and read some of 

your books, so I am applying to you for the knowledge I 

books and greatly adrmred your courage and fearlessness have not gamed, a method of Bmrth Control

Children 

A Playlet 

By CORALIE HAMAN 

HE PLACE is the street before Mrs O'Fla- 1st Boy Cheese it, here wmes the Missus 

T herty's backyard fence The house bemg on 2nd Boy Aw, she can't do nothin' She's only a 

the corner, the yard has a slde fence Thls forms woman 

the back of the stage, takmg the place of the back- Mrs 0'Flahert.y Can't I thin' An 'phwat do 

drop or a room wall Above it is seen the wall of a yez take me for? Tis a woman who's borne every 

tenement house, wtth hes of clothes hung out to wan av yez, more sorrow to her Git out o' here, ye 

dry The fence is plastered with an advertisement scut! Git! 

-two enormous heads and shoulders of men- 3rd Boy C'mon, you fellers We'll fight ~t out 

smolung So and So's superb cigarettes-Smoke down the street Ye can't do nothin' when there's 

Them and You'll Smoke No Other The gate mto women around C'mon! 

the yard opens in the middle of the left one (from (They go out ~~s O'Flaherty 1s left alone 

the auhence) of these heads, fPmng a most bizarre She comes down the steps and sweeps up the poeffect 

It ls shut when the cuntaln rises and re- tato-peelings, put them mto the box and clamps 

nlalns SO for a moment for time to gve the au&ence on the hd with a bang She 1s muttermg It hethe 

full beauty of the effect There are two or three comes au&ble ) 

steps from the gate to the street, as the yard 1s 

Mrs O,Flaherty Glory be to 3Tls a pest 

higher than the pavement There are ash-cans and 

the children are That cUy l (She peers mto angarbage 

boxes picturesquely grouped t' the right other box ) 1 wonder whimver 1s the cornof 

the steps ) the gate Is opened a 

of in'! He does be gettm' later and later all the tome 

Iron paper htter, etc 9 can be seen 1 wonder does he tm the City pays for *y- 

theyard It 1s the accumulation of years and looks m, away Sure, ,tls smothered 

ashes I am (She 

SO 

seats herself on the steps and looks back through 

Tm TrME UI The people are The the gate ) Ah, an' is t yerself Mrs O'Rourkel 

Ch'ldren~ Mr8 O'F2aherty~ Mr8 O~Ourke~ Mr8 Come out wance an' sit on the shteps till we talk a 

Johnson, Gweppe, Luella, Lucgt, Anme, Jz~n b~t 

Presently a mob of children of all ages, tattered, 

ragged, dlrty, come tumbhng out of the gate They 

bang the gate open (~t opens southward) and tum- 

ble out Two boys are the centre of mterest They 

are fighting, clenched m sullen fury, perfectly SI- 

lent The others egg them on mth cnes of- 

1st Boy Go it, Snnodles Eat the head off him 

2nd Boy Soak 'im one in the eye, Smtzer 

1st Boy It want Snoodles fault-Give 'im what 

for? 

2nd Boy Was too I seen 'im 

3rd Boy Ah, go chase yerself The Smtzer be- 

gun it 

4th Boy Dldn't do no such a thmg Eat 'un 

&ve ! 

(Nos 1 and 2 put then fingers m them mouths 

and whistle Instantly a mob of boys rush m from 

left and right, that 1s to say from up and down the 

street They begm to fight There is a free-for- 

all, punctuated by cat-calls, whistles, yells, etc , the 

gvls jumpmg up and down at the back of the 

stage They begn to get potato peehngs from the 

boxes and throw them at each other Suddenly 

Mrs O'Flaherty comes through the gate mth an 

upraised broom She proceeds to lay about her 

She is a powerfully built Irish woman of 40 or 45) 

Mrs O'Rourke Sure, that was the grand s h&g 

I saw from me windy just now Whahver ads 

the young wans at all7 

Mrs O'Flaherty Sure, an' I don't know-un- 

less Pis too manny of thlm there are They do be 

gettin' m each Ither's way all the tome 

Mrs O'Rourke An' how manny do you be hav- 

In' for the love o' God? Are all thun yours? 

Mrs O'Flaherty Is lt a fish you thk I am, 

Mrs O'Rourke7 Tm of 'em's rmne, an' thot's twice 

too manny, so ~t 1s 

Mrs O'Rourke Whsht now! What for a way 

is thak ut be speakm' o' chdder? 

Mrs O'Flaherty An' ~f yez had as manny as I 

have, Mrs O'Rourke, ye'd spake thot same way, so 

ye would 

Mw O'Rourke I would not thm 

Mrs O'Flaherty Oh, whlsht! How km yez tell 

tlll ye've had 'em7 Yez don't seem able to hev so 

manny an' tls the Lord's blessm' for you, so ~t 1s 

Mrs O'Rourke Why thm, don't yez do some- 

thmg about it7 Somethm' to kape yerself from 

ham' so many2 I've heard tell there's a way, but 

I don't nghtly know just what ~t 1s at all 

Mrs O'Flaherty Sure, Mrs O'Rourke, 'tis the 

free-thinker ye awl Ah there, Mrs Johnson?

ow's the fome day md you? (Enter from the left 

au&encels mew-pod-Mrs Johnson, colored 

e 1s stout, black and amable-about 50 ) 

Pllrs Johnson Good mohnm'! Good m o M 

Here! Take part o' the shteps 

o thankye Ths box'll do me 

box Sits on lt Slghs ) Um- 

Mrs O'Rourke Sure, thot's a slgh fit to lull a 

Mrs O'Flaherty What ads ye at all7 

h's whte lahes hke you 

set down wld 'em hke 

Mrs O'Flahery Sure an' I don't know why they 

shouldn't As I sez to the odd man-Mr O'Fla- 

herty, you know-sure, I sez, the good Lard musts 

wanted naygers thot way--excusm7 yer presence, 

Mrs Johnson--er he wouldn't 'a ' made 'em hke he 

&d He must o' made some folks naygers because 

he hked 'em hke thot 

Mrs Johnson An' dats true, Ma'am Dat sut- 

tmgly IS true But mos' whte folks don' see lt dat 

way No ma'am! Its you low-down mggah, pt 

offen de earf I wants lter walk on ht maself! Well, 

let 'em. I don' wants ter walk whar no white folks 

IS lessen dey's frien'ly wlf me, hke you-all IS I'se 

gwme be fnen's mf anybody what's fnen's mf me 

But lf dey amt, I alnt Dar now 

Mrs O'Rourke Throo fer you! 

Mrs Johnson But what were you lahes tallun' 

erbout ez I come by? Sompm' about ham' too 

many chdlen, wan't lt? Dey suttlnly is a slew of 'em 

round heah. I don' see how you all untangles 'em 

Mrs O'Flaherty Oh, the poor ignorant cray- 

thur ! 

Mrs O'Rourke Well, if ye was Cathohc ye'd 

know thot the praste does be teh' us to have as 

manny chldren as we can 

Mrs Johnson Wha' for' 

Mrs O'Flaherty For the honor and glory o' the 

Cathohc Church, so it is 

Mrs O'Rourke An' by thot same token I won- 

der how hs Rlverence would lolke the job av a large 

famlly! I wonder what would he do wit it all 

Sure, 'tls a clever man he was to be a praste 

Mrs O'Flaherty But why do yez be talkm' 

about our children, Mrs Johnson' Sure, yez do be 

havm' as manny yerself, now? 

Mrs Johnson Dat's true, ma'am Dat suttingly 

IS true But its caze I wants 'em I don' need no 

pnest to tell me ter hev chlllen No ma'am! (Rich 

negro laugh Becomes senous ) 'S' true mos' on 

'ems dald But dat camt be helped now 'S' de 

Lawd's wlll, I reckon 

Mrs O'Rourke 'TIS not the Lard's mll, I do be 

thmkm' 'Tis the ignorance av us poor human mor- 

tals If we &dn' have so manny chlldren 'tls out av 

lths muck we could be gttm' 

Mrs O'Flaherty God knows 'tls falr strangled 

we axre wid 'em 

Mrs O'Rourke An' tab' care o' the famly, 

tryin' to find food for 'em at all An' just as ye 

thnk ye can gt away somewheres, along cooms 

anlther wan, an' hes ye doon to ths hell, an' whlle 

ye're ham' a new wan, wan av the Ithers dies on 

ye Oh, 'tls a dog's hfe, so it is 

Mrs O'Flahemty 'TIS clever av a man to Be a 

praste or a woman to be a nun, so lt is 

Mrs Johnson Excuse me, ma'am! Excuse me 

But effen de Cathohc Church done set so much sto' 

by chlllen, why don' dose priestees and nunsleswhy 

don' dey pt mahy (marry) an' have a lot o' 

chlllen? 

Mrs O'Flaherty (pitymgly) Now, thot's a fool- 

~sh question, so ~t is Sure, yez don't understand at 

all The prastes an' nuns can't pt marr~ed 

Mrs Johnson Dey camt gt mahed' What's ter 

pervent 'em? 

y Thots just what I was asap' Mrs O'Rourke 'Tls the law av the Cathohc 

An' she says (pomtmg to Mrs O'Rourke) why Church 

don't yez have fewer? An' I sez, what would the Mrs Johnson Uh-huh! Who done make dat 

praste say to thot at all'- Would he hear to the law 2 

lolkes o' that? He would not 

Mrs O'Flaherty Oh, fer the love o' God' 

Mrs Johnson 'Scuse me for am', Ma'am Mrs Johnson Hit shore do 'peah to me de beat- 

'Scuse me But what does de priest done got ter ]nest t'ing, dat a chu'ch wants a lot o' chlllun m dat 

do w~d it? 

chu'ch, an' den done keep huh pahsons an' huh lady 

Mrs O'Flaherty Oh, fer the love o' God! Sure, deacons unrnahled-lt sho' do! Uh-ha-ha! Effen I 

'hs not a Cathohc ye aue, Mrs Johnson was dat Cathohc Chu'ch an' wanted chillen so bad, 

Mrs Johnson No, ma'am' I'se Sutheran, I IS, I'd say "Look-a-heah, folks, effen you-all wants 

yes, ma'am! 

ter be pahsons an' deaconesses In dis heah chu'ch,

you JUS' nachelly gotta gt mahed, an' yeh gotta 

have de mos' tremenjous fambleys dat evah was, an' 

what's mo', yuh gob ralse 'em, too An' dat's 

eome job! You heah me! Yas, ma'am! Uh-ha-ha! 

Mrs O'Rourke Oh, go 'way md yer foohshness 

Sure, 'tls ba-ad enough ~t 1s already, wldout the 

prastes an nuns marrym' too 

Mrs O'Flaherty An' thot's God's truth, so it 1s 

(Pause ) Do ye know what I do be wlshn' most 

av the tome? 

Mrs O'Rourke Phwat is it, then2 

Mrs O'Flaherty (dreamdy) I do be wantm' a 

two-story house all to mesa-not thot I'm not hk- 

m' you as a lodger, Mrs O'Rourke-sure, 'tls not 

thot at all-but I do be wantm' a house all to me- 

sllf an' me famly, wid a hbtle plot o' grass m front, 

an ' maybe a shtrlp av lt along the curb md trees 

an' flowers In it I seed 'em oncet, up to the park 

My, they was llhgant, an' all the folks slttm' so 

proud-hke an' grand, on thew front porches or on 

thew shteps, an' the men cuttm' the grass m then 

shlrt sleeves! Oh, it was won'erful! Thot styhshl 

Mrs O'Rourke Good mam' Mrs Johnson (actmng) Good mom, ma'am, 

good mohmn'! Won' you-all res' yo' wraps? Kd 

o' col' today, am't lt, ma'am? Yas, ma'am!" Den 

I takes yo' wrap an' I perambulates ovah to de 

cahved easy cha~h-dat's dis soap-box-an' I deposits 

yo' wrap onto lt, aftah smoothm' down de 

velvet (Makes appropr~ate motlons ) Dar! 

Mrs O'Flaherty and Mrs O'Rourke (mdeeyed) 

Good gosh a'rmghty! 

Mrs Johnson Uh-ha-ha! 

Mrs O'Rourke Ha-ha-ha! 

Mrs O'Flaherty (wistfully) I msht I could see 

thot lady oncet Maybe now, she could help us out 

o' thls! I'd thry most anythln', so I would 'Tls 

fa~r desperate I am 

Mrs Johnson Well now, I'll tell yuh what I'l 

do Some time when I goes dar I'll say (speaks 

plamtlvely) "Mrs Mohganschan, I am't feeh' so 

well dese days Lemrne gve some o' yo' wash to a 

frien' o' m e " Dat'll be you She'll come up 

But there now, 'tls no use thmkm' av thot I km 

heah an' gt ~t f'om you," I'll say 

niver have ~ t, w~d de chdder cormn' so fast as they Mrs O'Flaherty I can't wash 

do Mrs Johnson Don' have ter I'll jus' say, "I 

Mrs O'Rourke m v e r was ye thot long dls- knows a whlte lady dat wants a job, an' I'll ax 'er 

tance away? 

up-if dat'll be pleasm' to you-an' you km gve 'er 

Mrs O'Flahenty Oh, I scraped the car-fare to- yo' clo'es " Den she'll wave 'er hands an' say, "01, 

OI! gther an' I took the longest car-rlde I could hd, But you got surnpm' up yer sleeve, I betcher 

an' I got clear out to the park Thm I walked Wat for a t'mg is it you should get yer f rien's a job 

about a bit on the grass, near a great b ~g lake md by me! But its all nght, all right " An' den you 

rale water m lt-an' all the trees oop-side doon m goes in an' she gves you de clo'es, an' maybe you 

~t, loike, except where there was waves My, but km ax 'er den or nex' tune what you wants ter 

lt was purty ! Thm I saw the httle houses I'm tell- know An' out In de htchen I'll gt me a couple o' 

in' ye about-a whole row av 'em on both sides the cakes an' m de alley we km swap bundles 

shtreet Thm I tuk anlther car home I had a Mrs O'Flaherty All nght! I'll do it! An' wdl 

foine tolme 

I brmg Mrs O'Rourke along? 

Mrs Johnson Uh-huh' Listen, whlte folks! I Mrs Johnson Sholy! Why not? 'S'nuf 

knows a lady what hves dalh all the time She done (there's enough) fo' every one An' I am't one ter 

got a apahtment Huh name's Mohganschem She fergit fnen's what's bm ez Inn' ter me a you-& IS 

am't got so many chdlen I ax 'er how come, an' Well, s'long, ladies I gstter be mom' 'S' near 

she say, she tell me one er dese days We'se fnen's, four, an' I'se gotter be dah at half-pas' three, an' 

me an' dat whte lady Yas, ma'am 

it takes an hour ter gt dah Seen yo' soon (Plcks 

Mrs O'Flaherty How did you gt to know her? up her basket of clothes and goes out ) G'bye 

Mrs Johnson How come I knows 'er? I does Mrs O'Flaherty and Mrs O'Rourke (chg afup 

'er clo'es, an' now an' den, when she gve a tea, ter her) 'Bye 

1's ax de ladles m at de do', lak &s (She gets up Mrs O'Flaherty Sure, I'll be goin' to thot place 

and goes off a lrttle way and faces them ) Yuh 1s Morganscheln? Mor- Why, there was a Jewstandm' 

outslde de do', I is openm' t f'om mslde ish gyurl hved near where I used to be before I was 

Glve me good-mornm'l 

marrlt There was a fellar sweet on 'er Seems to 

Mrs O'Rourke Phwat you meant 

me h ~s name was Morganschem-he was a peddler 

Mrs Johnson Fo' Gawd's sake! I mean, say They do be makm' lots o' money wan way an' 

good mohmn' to me 

mther Could it be the same, now2 

Mrs O'Flaherty What fer? It am't marnm' Mrs O'Rourke 'Tis not lolkely, I'm t e n ' 

Sure, 'tls afthernoon 

Mrs O'Flaherty (calls) Mrs Johnson! Oh, 

Mrs Johnson Oh, fer -! So I km show you come hack a mnute I want ya (Enter Mrs 

what I does Go on 

Johnson ) Sure, what was the unmarnt name o'


:hat Mrs Morganschem yez was tallun' about? 

What was her fist name at all? 

Mrs Johnson Don' know'm But her husband 

2alls her "Sweet~e" Uh ha-ha1 She walk lak 

hs (Imtates ) 

Mrs O'Flaherty I'd know thot walk anywhere 

'Tis the same There was mver but the wan walk 

loike thot 

Mrs Johnson I gotta go G'bye 

Mrs O'Flaherty and Mrs O'Rourke 'Bye 

Mrs O'Flaherty 'TIS the same 

Mrs O'Rourke Do yez tell me thot, now? Well, 

well! An' mll yez go up there? 

Mrs O'Flaherty I wdl thot, an' see ~f she km 

help us anny An' aven ~f she could not, 'twould 

be a rest I want to gt away f'om here once m a 

whlle 'TIS falr tuckered out I am w~d de chldren 

Mrs O'Rourke Ye'll not be puttm' the comether 

on me lolke thot I wouldn't have yer rotten k~ngs 

-heathen pagans, they was! Slnn Femer (The 

two women rlse, hands on hlps, and glare Then 

they suddenly burst out laughmg ) 

Mrs O'Flaherty Oh, s ~t doon, s ~t doon! There's 

no k~ngs m Amerlky-unless maybe 't~s the landlord 

Sit doon now, an' tell me what do yez make 

av ~t at all 

Mrs O'Rourke Sure, now, they bem' Eyetahans, 

't~s not alsy Yez mver know phwat he'll do from 

wan mute to the next, st~ck a kmfe m ye, or make 

love to ye 

Mrs O'Flaherty There's both love-mahn' an' 

hres in thls, I'm thrhn' What does be mam' 

thot feather-headed Luella ad thot way, a-makm' 

love to her husband's own nephew? 

an' de ashes an' all An' (loohng around caut~ously 

Mrs O'Rourke Shure, 't~s too manny chlldren 

and lower~ng her vo~ce) an' there's more nor me 

Gmseppe had by hs first w~fe--Luella's fau 

what 1s out-done wld 'em 

swamped w~d 'em-an' one comn' to hers~lf, ~f I'm 

Mrs O'Rourke (meamngly) Ye manenot 

mstaken She can't bear the look av hm 

Mrs O'Flahertv " (nods) I do An' have ve 

\ 

heard the latest' 

Mrs O'Flaherty An' dldn't he tell 'er he had the 

Mrs O'Rourke I'll not be know~n' whether %s 

hds? 

the latest or not-but sure, I do be knomn' some- Mrs O'Rourke He &d not 

thnl-- 

Mrs O'Flaherty But whm he s~nt over for her 

Mrs O'Flaherty Is ~t Luella 't~s about? to Italy' 

Mrs O'Rourke 'TIS thot same 

Mrs O'Rourke Oh, the padrone fixed all thot 

Mrs O'Flaherty Sure, an' phwat do yez be mak- An' wholver heard of a go-between who told the 

m' av ~t at all ? 

truth? There'll be trouble there before we be done 

Mrs O'Rourke Phwat do I make av ut? Is ~t wld ~ t, I'm telh' ye 

thot ye're askin' me? 

Mrs O'Flaherty mshtt Here they come 

Mrs O'Flaherty Them were me worrds now Gu~seppe leadm', carrym' hs fiddle, pretend- 

Mrs O'Rourke Well, thm--sure now, phwat do m' (to be bhnd 

yez make av ~t yersllf) 

Mrs O'Rourke How Luella does be hatm' thot ! 

Mrs O'Flahenty He's good-loohn' 

Mrs O'Flaherty An' thm Luella, thm Lu~g 

Mrs O'Rourke The odd wan? 

My, he's the handsome lad, even ~f he IS a Dago! 

Mrs O'Flaherty Na! The young wan Who- Llsten to '~m smgn'! What a p~ty 'twasn't hlm 

lver heerd tell av an ould man bein' good-lookin' Luella-husht ! 

when there was a young man aroond) 

Lmg~ (smgs off-stage) Che bella cosa' (etc ) 

Mrs O'Rourke But 't~s marnt to the ould wan (They come m Gmseppe 1s the average grumpy 

she IS 

banana-sellmg, hand-organ type of American Ital- 

Mrs O'Flaherty An' thot' God's truth But Ian about 50 Luella 1s sufEc~ently attractivewboiver 

heard tell av bein' marnt to a man mahn' shawl, no hat, earnngs She 1s about 20, Luig IS 

hlm good-lookin') 'Tls most often the other way about %-handsome, careless, harmless, a rose beabout, 

more's the plty 

h~nd hs ear He 1s sunny and gay He IS mahng 

Mrs O'Rourke Well, thm, phwat do yez thmnk? extravagant mock love to Luella, who laughs at 

Mrs O'Flaherty I don't thmk I watch h~m Guiseppe looks on sourly The Ir~shwomen 

Mrs O'Rourke Thrue fer you 

are all eyes Lmg fimshes the stanza and chorus 

Mrs O'Flahertv If thev was O~r~sh I'd know wh~le wavlng Luella ceremomously to a seat on the 

what to thlnk 

soap-box Gmseppe takes oE hs bhnd make-up ) 

Mrs O'Rourke msht then! Would vez be Luella Graz~e Lmgi per cantare Com' 'Itaha 

runnm' doon the Omsh loike thot? 

la bellislma! 

Mrs O'Flaherty I'm not a-runnm' down the Mrs O'Flaherty Phwat does she be say1n'-she 

Olrlsh If ~t cooms to thot, my folks was descended don't talk Engl~sh plam-like 

from the Olrlsh kmgs-God rest them souls! Ye Mrs O'Rourke Enghsh! 'Tis Eyetahan Lu~g, 

ould Ulstente! 

phwat does she be saym' at all?

Lug1 She say dat song-a rermn' her of Itaha Eez dmty, eez ugly, where poor folks leeve Eez 

so beautiful! (He blows a luss mto the an ) too crowded Where reech folks leeve, eez plenta 

Mrs O'Flaherty An' so dmty While here- room Eez all da same-a, Roma, Napoh, New 

(she looks at the ash-can and poster)-um-ah, York, London--em all da same-a 

well-'bs comfortable, at army rate Luella Na, Guseppe, m Itaha, eez vau' dee- 

Luella Ho, freddo I'm cold Is lt always cold ferent-a 

here m Amer~ca? Gulseppe G~al E vero, m da country where you 

Mrs O'Rourke Well, colhh-whn mt lsn't come from But m da clty eez all da same-a-too 

scorchm' the lo~fe out av yez many people-too many chddren-troppo bamblnl 

Luella (sighs) Oh, 1 wish I was back there m I gotta get drunk sometunes to forget ~t all Ab- 

Itaha SI, eet eea so &berent-e here I don' hke smthe! Ah! das lovely &-&-das -k-a you 

No m place Non Oh, Lwp, play for me to forgd-ah! 

dance I mus' get warm Ho tanto freddo Luella Don't, Guseppe Don't d d no more 

(Lu1@ grabs Gwseppe's vloh and plays "Che You're ugly after you've been dreenkm' Don't! 

bella COS~" m fast t~me Luella dances ) Oh, Ho tunore I'm afraid You don' bow what 

Lulp, play faster, faster Dansaf SI you're dom' after you've been drmkm' Don', 

Gmseppe Cessar Che cosa! What a thmg to Gulseppe 

do' Non e Itaha E Amenka Gmseppe I gotta, Luella I gotta have some- 

Lu1.P An' mus' not people dance m America' thm' to make me forget, per Dlo! (He rushes 

Luella Non, oh, non out down the street ) 

G ~ s ~ (to P P Lug) ~ You all da tune-a tell her Luella An' don' you suppose I wanta forget? 

to do more foohshness What 1s between You two 0 Dlo mo! (Pause ) SI, m da country, m Itaha, 

-hem? eez very deeferent-a Where I leev-a eez a leetla, 

Lug (moclungl~) Oh, go 0% ole monkey small town-plenta of room-beeg, open-alr an' da 

(Gulseppe thatens him Non9 Guseppe, parlo festa-samt9s day all da tlme-a Lots of fun, mu- 

al bumbo q~ (mdates Luella) to speaks to da slca, fiorl-flowers Here--non, m mente High 

leetla monk f houses, fire-escapes, clothes, chldren Oh, DIO mo, 

Guseppe You are not a true Itahan, non e vero de chldren-bmbm-a sono troppo-how you 

Itaheno De Napoh-Napoh-Naples not true my ?-too much, too many-sl 

Italy Mrs O'Rourke Jus' phwat I was saym' 

Lug SI sono Itahano Naples 1s veramente Luella ~d den G ~ ~ ~ 

Italla padrone say he was beeg man, fine house, lots o' 

G ~ S ~ Nan! P P Roma ~ Sono da &)ma. Rome ls man' 'E he 1 Che mentone ! How 'e he! 

Italy non advance threatemgl~ Mrs O'Flahe*y You don't love the ma-an, 

on each other ) 

Luella? 

Oh* be fnen's-amcl Eet ees all Luella Oh Lover 1 don't love no 

Italla now Eshtl dl ltaha-Umkd 

C1 sono troppo bambm-too mangr children 

he sen' fov me D~ 

Italy Is Is Italy Vene- -why 1 love a m& They make you have 

'la, Flrenze, Mllano, Two-how you my, Vemce, more bambm-more &ldren 

Florence, Mdan, Turm, are Italy Its all Italy- plccolo--so small 

-- 

SL 

Lug (relaxmg) E-vero 

Guseppe 'S' true 

Luella Oh, I msh I was back there now Oh! 

(She half sobs ) I'm homeslck 

Mrs O'Flaherty (hdly) Shure, th, ye 

mustn't be down-hearted 'Tls not used to all ths 

ye arre But ye'll soon pt to lake our ways Ths 

1s Amenca. 'TIS very hfferent 'TIS har-rd fer a 

foreigner to gt used to t all at first 

Luella SI, e dlfferente m Itaha E vero An' 

IS all Amencan lak dls? So ugly! So- 

Mrs O'Flaherty Well, now, I don't say aU But 

the most part IS, all thot I lver see, at anny rate 

Isn't thot so, Gmseppe? 

Gulseppe Eet eez so-where poor folks leeve 

But eet eez always so m Itaha, m Roma, m Napoh 

(Pause ) Gmseppe 

Mrs O'Flaherty YIS There am't much b~g 

about Gmseppe exelpt hs appet~te I had 'un for 

boarder oncet-m between hs &st wfe an' Luella 

here (LuI~ has gone out and comes back mth a 

bundle m a handkerhef on a stlck ) 

Lug Good-bye, Luella, adlo! 

Luella Where you gom', Lmg? What you 

dom' mth dat bundle? 

Lug I'm gom' away 

Luella Oh non, Lmg, oh non 

Lug SI, ma cara, I gobta go My uncle, he 

watch-a me all da tune-a I'm mth you I gotta go 

Luella Ah, Luip, don' go, don' go, an' leeve me 

all alone w~d de ole man You're hke Itaha to me 

Oh, don' go You're yong-a He's ole E veccho, 

troppo vecchlo (To Mrs O'Flaherty) Don't let


'un go 'E's hke home He's hke my young-a Mrs O'Rourke Wdl she have '1m7 

brother Don' go, Lup, don' go 

Mrs O'Flaherty I'm thmnkm' she won't She'd 

Mrs O'Flaherty (After a glance at Mrs be the great fool if she rhd She's me oldest an' all 

O'Rourke) Perhaps now, bs best he should go Lu- her lo~fe she's been wan o' thm liMle mothers the 

ella Gmseppe was lookm' at the two av yez hndo r~ch folk do be telhn' about She's had her share 

quare-lo~ke 

o'motherm' I'm t e n ' she doesn't want anny 

Luella But we am' dam' notbng-a (nothmg) more But shure now, let's go lnto the ya-ard, an' 

Lmg got a grrl m da factory 

gve 'un a chanct 'TIS a fome, upstandm' fellah 

Lu~g E vem 'S' so 

he IS, when all's sa~d an' done 

Mrs O'Flaherty Thot may all be true enough, Mrs O'Rourke They're talk~n' over somethm' 

but shure, an ole man w~d a yoong w~fe does not be awful earnest 

wantm' a yoong man around all the tome Lug Mrs O'Flaherty Most lo~ke bs about the taxes 

IS ro~ght, Luella 'Tis best he should go er the h~gh cost o' hvm' er such-lo~ke 

Luella But what'll I do all alone? Lu~g IS lak Mrs O'Rourke Thot's a quare thmg for lovers 

da sunsh~ne Gu~seppe 1s lak da storm-cloud to be talkm' about, ento~rely 

Lmg IS lak Itaha Gmseppe IS lak America Non Mrs O'Flaherty An' 'tis quare lovers they ar-re 

rm place qu I don' lak ~t here I want to go back the two av thm They're both mterested m such 

to Itaha Oh! Oh! 

thmgetho some of the talk IS he's dom' Its 

Mrs O'Rourke (Takes Lug1 by the shoulder trym' to hole 'm off, she 1s Tho, for mesllf, I'd 

and sends hun firmly but kmdly ,off down the be gla-ad to see '~m g~t 'er Come on m now wance 

street) 

tdl we eve 'm a chanct (They go mto the yard 

Mrs O'Flaherty Cheer up Luella Whm yer and close the gate Jim and h e come m, from 

baby comes yez won't feel so badly 

down the street, left) 

Luella (Desperately) I don' want no baby h e An' that man ye spoke of, that all the 

I tmk I try dat dodoredat operazlone papers are talkm' about, do ye tell me he's been m 

Mrs O'Flaherty Oh no, chdd! Yez musn't be soMary confinement for thrty years? Sure there's 

afther thmnhn' av such a thmg Yez mustn't be no mercy m that 

afther thmkm' av thot at all 'Tis a deadly thng to Jun 'TIS the truth They call ~t bem' merc~ful, 

do Shure, it mo~ght hll yez, so ~t moight but sure, ther's no sense m thot at all 

Luella An' why should I care eef eet does keel h e But that 1s awful Whakever he hd, 

me? 

'twas not as wlcked as that same It could not be 

Mrs O'Flaherty msht now' Thot's a tumble Just thnk, thlrty years! Why, ~ ts longer than I've 

thmg to be saym' So lt IS You're young an' been ahve An' all the fun of hfe a passm' hun 

strong Shure now we'll fomd a way out av ths by, no sun, no air, no people Oh! (she shudders) 

ylt not a seem' no one Not a talhn' to no one It don't 

Luella You mean-? 

seem poss~ble people can ad hke that to a fellow 

Mrs O'Flaherty Shure! I know av some one creature Why don't they send hun to hell an' be 

who'll tell us-whsht now, phwat I mane is- you'll done w~d 1t7 Whatever was ~t he rhd? 

not be nadm' to have more than the wan chdd- Jun He hlled hs w~fe 

you'll see TIS somethd I know Leastways I'm h e Ah now, an' sure that's ternble But 

gom' to fhd out Wh~sht tlun Go m now, an' dry thlnty years--oh, 't~s awful 

yer eyes Do now! (Luella, goes mto the yard Jm It 1s that (Pause) h e ! 

Mrs O'Flahenty contmues to Mw O'Rourke) An' h e Yes, Jun 

thot's thot! But I'm glad 'tn not firtm' md Lug Jim Sure, h e , I've got somethn' to tell ye 

she was Oh, ay (pomtmg down the street), ithere's Its manny a tlme I've tned, but I've always been 

amther couple I'm mterested m 

sca~rt I love ye, dear, an' I want ye for me mfe 

Mrs O'Rourke (Look~ng down the street left h e (One vast surprise) Shure, an' IS ~t to 

(auhence) Oh, yls,-yer gyurl, Aame, an' thot marry you, ye do be ashn' me? 

b~g Jun Callahan 

Jun (Earnestly) It IS mdade, thm, an' well ye 

Mrs O'Flaherty YI~, he wants to marry her know ut 

Mrs O'Rourke How do yez know 7 Did he tel! h e Ah, whsht now! 'TIS fooh' ye arre 

Y~Z' 

'Tis thot red-headed Clancy gyurl ye've been mak- 

Mrs O'Flaherty He ad not Why would I m' up to th~s long tome past-an' t~s httle I care 

nade tellmy? Wh~n a b~g, red-faced ma-an lo~ke fer that same 

Jim grts wh~te as chalk before a wee sl~p av a gyurl Jlrn 'TIS not the lo~kes o' her I do be loom 

lo~ke Ame, Ol'm not nadm' he should tell me he's at Oh, come now, Alanna 

m love md 'er 

h e Go way md yez now, an' let me thmk

Jim, ye're a nice lad, I'll not be denyin' it Onlythere's 

somethin' I been thinkin' of thls long time 

past I suppose now maybe I ought not to be 

sayin' it, but 'tis heavy on me heant, it is 

Jim Say it thin, me darlmt Say it thin, whatever 

Anme Would we now? Would there? Oh, 'tis 

the hard thing to say-but round here, now, there 

is so manny childel-look at 'em, dirty, smvilhn', 

underfoot 

Jim (Soberlv) 'Tis the wav o' nature. Anme 

'Tis natGra1 for "dulder to come"to a marritwoman 

Not but what I'm thinkin' eight or tin is more than 

anny woman ought to have, an' more nor half of 'em 

dlin' on 'er, hke as not 

Arne 'Tis bitter hard,so it is, and that's God's 

room there is for so manny on 'em For me, I'm 

thinkin' I'd rather work m the factory 

Jim But all yer loife, Asthore? 

Anme 'Tis bitter hard, so it is, and that's God's 

truth, but that way I'll not be slavm' all day an' 

the noight too Whn factory work's done, its done 

at five or six, or whativer, an' ye do not have to be 

sittin' up wid it and ~t wld the croup, an' no doctor 

to be had, an' no medcine, an' no money 

Jim Ye're thnkin' o' Mrs O'Rourke's lud? 

Anme I am that 

Jim There was the charity office she could a gone 

to 

Anme Yis, an' they wantin' to know was the 

babby worthy before they'd gve it somethin' to 

help it breathe 

Jim They do be askin' a lot o' questions 

Annie Yis, an' they will not tell us how we can 

kape our families small I'll not be marryin' ye, 

Jim, till I know how to have fewer childer 

Jim But there is some people says its wrong, 

Alanna 

Annie It ain't wrong for the up-town women 

Why is it wrong fer us? 

Jim But the praste- 

Annie It does seem kindo funny whn 'hs the 

women who have to suffer an' de that it's the men 

who do be yellin' about the sin an' immorality av 

havin' fewer babies An' prizes given fer have'n 

laarge famblies-gven to the men, moind ye1 Oi've 

been doin' a lot o' readm' lately- 

Jm Yis Ye was always a gr-reat wan fer the 

books, Alanna 

Annie An' the writers do be saym' thot there 

can be only so n~ucll food in the wor-rld, an pasture 

room fer catkle an' sheep-an' if there's too manny 

people they won't gt fed An' the Lord knows 

that we don't gt hardly enough as it is, whin tomes 

is har-rd an' we're out av wonk 

Jlm 

ar-rmy- 

An' thot's true enough Now in the 

Bzrth Control Rernem 

Anrne Ah now, be shtill wid yer arrmy! W'hat 

way is thot-wars-to kape the population down? 

Why in a war its the best men gits took While, if 

we could kape our fambhes small 'tis loikely there'd 

not be so manny wars-there'd be enough fer every- 

body in the wan counthry An' thin, those who 

could not afford to have a lot o' childher would have 

only a few, an' they'd bring them up dacint An 

no wan would be starved If the counthry has one 

hundred milhons the counthry should see to it that 

those one hundred millions arre clothed, fed, shel- 

tered and educated Where is the sinse av breedin' 

childher to be killed-the boys soldiers, the gyurls 

prostitutes? 

Jim I suppose thim rich fellahs wants us poor 

people to have a lot o' chldher so as they km have 

more av 'em in their factories Childer come cheaper 

than grown folks 

Annie An' thot's Good's truth To think av those 

poor rmtes wearin' their lives out in the dirt an' dust, 

the noise and nastiness o' thm factones, instid av 

bein' out in God's sunshine-it fair makes yer heart 

ache for 'em, so it does 

Jim An' that's God's truth But still, Annie, 

dear- 

Arne No Jim, 1'11 not bring anny more childer 

into the world, the way lthings is now There's too 

manny av thim there is, already 

Jm But, Annie- 

Annie (Wavmg him off) An' I could not be a 

good mother-I could not take care av thim, me bein' 

tired out an' all wid hav~n' so manny av 'em An' 

they would be hann' no strength to start wi'th, afther 

the first three or four No, no, Jim, I'll not 

marry you-I'm thinhn' till some way 1s found to 

have smaller farmlies (Pause ) One ,time an 

up-town dodor was down here an' Mrs O'Flaherty 

was askm' him to tell her what he tells the 

uptown women- 

Jim You mane- 

Anme About how to kape them famihes small 

But he would not He told her the only way was 

not to gt married Thin she axed him, would he 

like to have ten or twelve children- 

Jim What chd he say? 

Annie He told her not to confound the sexesand 

she said she wasn't-"Confound your impudence 

is what I'm doin'," she told hm Jm Served him nght Thim rich uptown 

guys goes to the bad house around ithe corner here, 

an' maybe--like you said-thot's the reason they 

want poor people to have so many chlder--1s 

fer thot, an' men for workmen-Why, I've heerd 

a rich feller argue agmst showm' poor people how 

to have fewer chlldren because it would lessen the 

labor supply an' we'd git uppish--damn 'em! (He 

spits)


Annie Oh, Jim dear, don't! 

or give me death Where's Luella? Too many 

Jim Well now, I oughtn't t've done thot Anme, chldren Troppo hambm - Gom' have another 

but whn I thlnk they're takm' you away from me- one Shant I'll stop ~t Can't somebody stop us 

oh gyurl-it's more than I can stand Tell me, if havm' so many chldren? I don' want 'em She 

it wasn't for the chlder, would ye marry me, Anme' don' want 'em The chldren don' want-Shay, 

Annie 1-1 thlnk I would, Jim (He starts to that's a funny thought E vero, now, if you was 

kiss her) Oh now, boy, be good Sure now, I to ask the children, "nu cari, ma dears, do you want 

haven't said I would-only I nught Whisht now to get horn an' come to a helluva hole lik &s-a," 

-here comes Mrs Johnson 

dey'd say, mce an' pohte, "No grazle, if you please, 

Jlm But Anme, tell me- 

we'd rather not But nobody asks 'em an' so they 

Ann~e Sure now, I'll think it over Ah there, have to come Oh the poor, poor children, 1 poverl 

Mrs Johnson, I thought ths was the day ye wnt bambim But 1 can feex eet, an' I'm agoln' to I'm 

uptown 

agoin' to keel Luella Den she cant have any more 

Mrs Johnson Yesm, I done stahted, but twas so children E imposslhile Whoever heard of a dead 

late I'se due dar at half-pas' three, (she sits) an' woman-una morta-ham' children (Laughs) 

hits after four now I jus' thought I'd wait t~ll to- Here she comes now-viene (Luella comes in wearmorrer-I 

gt dar earlier dat way-yes'm (Gui- ily from the yard) She does not see Gmseppe He 

seppe comes m drunk and starts to make violent crouches and springs She falls and hits her head 

love (in pantomne) to Mrs Johnson She rises He is partly sobered) Oh, Dlo mol What have 

with flashmg eyes) You go way f'om heah, white I done? Che cosa ho fabto7 Luella, what you lym' 

man 1 don' want none o' yo monkey-shmes about there for? Speak grll Speak carlssuna You am' 

me I'se mahled to a colohed gemman, I is What gom' to leave me are you' You're just asleep alnt 

you think I want you ornary low-down whte trash you? Say you are, Luella Why I dldn't hit you 

pesterin' me foh' Huh? Glt out er (she brand- hard Now, &d I? I didn' keel you I wouldn't 

lshes her umbrella threatemgly) Yo' heah me? do that Luella Its havm' [too many chldren, trop- 

Effen you don' I'll jus' nachally lam yo' m de po bambm, that what keeled you Why I love 

haid wif my urnbrell! Glt 

you, Luella You know that, dont you, canssimal 

Guiseppe Per la madonna! (He goes out precip- (His volce nses to a scream) I say, Luella, dont 

itately) 

you? (He calms down) Say now, Luella, you 

Jim So long, Anme You'll remember? always hke music don't you? Say now, hsten to 

Annle I'll be thinkm' it over, Jim (Jim goes ths-musica d'Italia (He plays feroc~ously "Che 

down the street) Ye don't hke Guiseppe, Mrs bella cosa," etc His shadow, elongaked and huge 

Johnson? 

by the western sun is flung on the fence behind hun 

Mrs Johnson Who, me? No'm! 

Annie, Mrs Johnson, Mrs O'Flaherty, Mrs 

h e He's the quare wan fer a woman to take O'Rourke and Jun come rushing in, Mrs O'Flaherty 

and Mrs O'Rourke from out the yard Mrs 

Johnson, Annie and Jim from street They are 

aghast Jim tnes to put hs arm around Anme 

She is watching Gmseppe mth horror m her eyes 

She pushes Jim violently away without so much 

as glanc~ng at hun Gmseppe, totally obhvious to 

them, continues playlng The noise of fighting children 

is heard from down the street It comes nearer 

and grows lowder as 

THE CURTAIN FALLS 

up wid I'm afraid av hlm mesilf md thot Eye- 

talian drmk he does he at all the tolme 'Tis the 

quare guys women does be marrym' whles 

Mrs Johnson Yes'm, am't lt de truf? 

Annle I wonder now &d Luella know what he 

was loike? Tis the batmest to see a swate flower av 

a gyurl married to a thunder-storm loike him-an' 

if she loves Lug Yis not mesllf that'll blame her 

Tis harrd not to be able to have the la-ad ye love- 

maybe teann' yer heart out wid love av h ~m An' 

I don't think she lmkes Guiseppe's malung monev 

by pretendin' to be blind 

Mrs Johnson Blmd? Him? He sees all rlght 

He sees everythng dai ain' so Yes, ma'am 

Guiseppe (Off stager Bhd! Bhndl Help a poor 

blind man 

Annie Oh, lets beat it 'Tis more nor I can 

stand (They retreat up the street (r) as Gmseppe 

comes (1) up the street mumbhng and taking off 

his "blind" make-up) 

Guiseppe (Drunk) Personal hberta! In Itaha 

every man has liberta for get dnnk Give me libenta 

How do we measure ammoraZityP What u our standardP 

Is rt pl~ysical pain resultrng from an action? Not 

by any means Many of the noblest of human works have 

had painful physrcal conseqwmes The productvon of 

many a masterptece of art, hterature or rnventron has cost 

rts creator health, and rn some cases h~s Zrfe The measure 

of ammozakty as the damage done to character A 

man may sufer no physcal drsease whatever from some 

gmmoral act, but he destroys hw character He loses a 

great mrsswn m hu kfe He pays the great pnce, the 

prwe that u greater than physrcal death

Bzrth Control Re~lem 

THE MIDDLE WESTERN STATES 

BIRTH CONTROL CONFERENCE 

WHERE? Chcago 

WHEN? October 29-30-31 

WHY? Because - 

The hrgh cost of Charrtres and Correcttons rs an ever rncreasrng burden on all Ameracan 

communrtres 

The self-supportrng, self-respectrng members of socrety must shoulder the burden of the 

defectrve, delrnquent and dependent 

Publac funds that should be expended upon chrldren constrtutronally able to derrve the benefits 

of educatron are dtverted to strstarn the feeble-mrnded, and the unfit 

Socral agencres confess thew anabrlcty to strrke at the roots of these esrls 

To amelrorate soctal evrls as not enough 

WE MUST PREVENT THEMI 

Therefore- 

We are calllng together Soclal Workers, Doctors, Publlc Health Offic~als, etc to 

THE MIDDLE WESTERN STATES CONFERENCE 

which will be held In the Ball Room of the Hotel Drake, Chlcago, 

October 29, 30, 31, 1923 

MONDAY, OCTOBER 2 9 ~ ~ WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 31s~ 

5 P M -Recept~on 

7-8 P M -Repstrat~on of Delegates 

9 30 

CQNSTRUCTIVE ISSUES 

8 P M -0penlng Meetlng 

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 3 

Morning Sess~on. 9 30 

Human~ty at the Crossways 

Soc~al Trend In Amer~ca 

Hered~tary Paupensm 

Moral Decadence 

0 ~ ~ 

I 

Indlv~dual 

Health Nat~onal 

Raclal 

welfare ( kz:nal 

Mental 

~ygl''' { Soc~al 

Afternoon Session, 2 30 

Is Continence Pract~cable In Marriage? 

The Cost ~n Social and Sp~r~tual Values 

The Detenorat~on of Chlld L~fe Through Ch~ld 

Lrbur 

Feeble mlnded and the Labor Problem 

The Cost In Dollars and Cents of Dlsease, 

Defect, Delinquency and Dependency 

D~scussro~ 

Stenl~zat~on-and Stenle Marnages 

D~scrrss~ov 

2 30 

Report of Amencan Blrth Control League Actlv~tles 

Hlstory of Lepslat~on-Federal and State 

Even~ng Sesslon, 8 00 

For Med~cal Profession only 

Methods of Contraception 

7 P M - Dlnner 

Eugen~csThe Super Race

Knowledge is Power 

NOWLEDGE 1s power, and from the begn- sympathy w~th such a frame of mmd, and we belleve 

mg of the world there have been those who, ~mpllc~tly In the doctr~ne that the spread of exact menhavlng 

acqwred preclous knowledge for themselves, tlfic knowledge wlll never he a d~sadvantage to any race 

have done them utmost to keep ~t from then fellow- Wrlt~ng upon thls subject the other day, Dean Inge 

men and women who mght contest the power that expressed, wlth h~s usual straightforwardness, the opln- 

~t bestowed on the conoscente Fortunately, there 

have also been those who took the opposite mew, and 

Ions of many when he sa~d "The subject is an unpleasant 

one The ternble prevalence of a certa~n 

who endeavored to spread the l~ght to all These 

two oppos~te att~tudes are well exemplified In the 

following extracts The subject first discussed IS 

crime in all the large towns 1s demonstrated by abundant 

facts and figures, and confirmed by numerous personal 

confess~ons The effect of w~thhold~ng knowledge 1s 

sex teachmg, but the remarks would be even more sunply to Increase crlme Apart from thls, in a democratic 

emphatically applicable to Blrth Control 

soc~ety where every adult 1s consrdered capable of helplng 

to govern the country, ~t 1s ~ncons~stent to keep the 

wage-earner In ignorance of thlngs whlch he wishes to 

At the annual conference of the R C Young Men's know We may expect that In many cases he wlll think 

Soclet~es of Great Br~ta~n, Dr Thomas Colv~n, of Glas- ~t wrong to use hls knowledge, as many people In the 

gow, v~ce-pres~dent of the Central Councll, on the ques- upper and m~ddle classes thlnk ~t wrong to do so Cont~on 

of sex problems, sa~d ~t was argued that the way to science IS not a monopoly of the well-to-do The worklng 

ralse the moral tone was to teach people sex hy~ene man and h~s w~fe have a nght to judge for themselves, 

There could be no more absurd fallacy, he sa~d, and the l~ke other people " 

more people, excluding, of course, pnests, doctors and Whatever our vlews may be upon controversial subjects 

lawyers, knew about sex quest~ons the more ~mmoral they such as Blrth Control, we must all agree that lt 1s t~me 

became Sex teachng, espec~ally to young people, was that an end were put to the defamatory method of cntldangerous, 

for ~t exc~ted a prurlent curloslty that was apt clsm In connection wlth those sclent~fic dlscovenes wh~ch 

to lead to moral and physlcal dlsaster 

affect moral and soclal problems, ~t 1s common for certa~n 

It was ev~dent that sex teach~ng as a deterrent to im- people to go to violent extremes In them news, and such 

moral~ty was as useless as ~t was absurd The sovereign people are prone, unfortunately, to slander those who 

remedy was to teach every chlld to flee from an occaslon d~ffer from them It 1s therefore grat~fy~ng to learn that 

of sln It was the lack of early and dogmat~c moral teach- the jury 1x1 the recent B~rth Control hbel case found that 

Ing that was at the root of our present loose and confused the words used, though true, were defamatory In characthlnklng 

on the sanct~ty of the marrrage bond If a man ter and not fa~r comment Fortunately, the number of 

and woman before marrlage mutually agreed not to have people allowing them prejudices to go to the extent of 

any ch~ldren, that unlon was legallzed prost~tut~on personal slander 1s becom~ng smaller It was owrng to 

The root cause of the dechne of moral~ty all over personal slander that the late Mr Charles Bradlaugh 

Europe was the loss of fa~th by the people In the bas~c was for years depr~ved of h~s seat In the House of Compnnc~ples 

of Chr~stlan~ty If a man had lost h ~s hel~ef 111 mons, and the change whlch has come over the scene slnce 

Chr~st~anlty the only thlngs that would keep h~m moral then 1s test ~llustrated by the fact that recently the K~ng's 

were the fear of d~sease and of belng found out by h~s physlclan sent a paper to the Church Congress, In whlch 

frlends 

the doctrlne of Blrth Control was defin~tely defended on 

Other speakers denounced the suggest~on that matters moral, soc~al and med~cal grounds 

relatlng to the sexes should be taught In elementary It IS ~mposs~ble to stop dlscuss~on of quest~ons whlch 

schools -ManchesterGzlardram 

lnt~mately concern health, wealth and morals, by law, and 

FOR LIGHT 

RECENT CASE has demonstrated the fact that a 

A certaln section of the commumty 1s anxlous to pre- 

~t should be made ~mposs~ble to stop ~t by slander and 

defamat~on The prect~ce of Blrth Control has the support 

of many emnent people, and ~t has now gotten far 

beyond the expermental stage It 1s a promrnent soc~al 

vent an exact knowledge o-f sclent~fic truths concermng questlon wh~ch must be thrashed out openly and fairly, 

Blrth Control hng acqulred by the general publ~c Such and those who attempt to prevent falr and open d~scuspeople 

take an extraord~nary stand W~thout express- slon by slander and Innuendo should be ostrac~zed by all 

ing ~t in so many words, they In fact say "These facts decent-m~nded people It has recently been polnted out 

are known to us, but they do us no harm because we are that ~t would be just as reasonable to defame an astronoof 

a supenor type intellectually and morally, but ~f these 

facts got into the hands of the ordinary lower class 

mer because he sa~d he had d~scovered a new star, as to 

slander a new group of thlnkers because they are properson 

the consequences would be ternble " We have no pound~ng a new Idea -Pablrc Health, London, England

Book Reviews 

Bzrth Control Remere, 

A Remew by A G Porntt monk~sh new of love I thought it was an ammal thing 

THE BOOK OF LIFE, MIND AND BODY, by upton wh~ch requlred some outs~de ~ustlficatlon I had been 

Slnclalr Haldeman-Jullus Company, Glrard, K~~ 

Two volumes In one, pp =]I, 220, xi, 224 

taught nothlng else, but now I have had ~ersonal experlence 

of other just~ficat~ons of love, and I believe that love 

1s a beaut~ful and joyful relat~onsh~p whlch requlres no 

men and were In the habit of profibng by the other justlficat~on, but confers justlficat~on upon many . 

I:-xperLence of other people, one mlght hope that Upton other thngs life The rel~glous people dec~de 

Sinclalr's very frank account of hls own development 

that sexual Indulgence 1s wrong, and they Impose a penand 

ex~~sltlon of '1' method of 'ring might be of value 

alty-and what Is that penalty? A poor unwanted little 

both as and guide to those who have not yet 

wa~f of a soul, whlch never sinned, and had nothlng to 

attamed to Own philosophy of 'Ife But the young 

do wlth the matter, 1s brought Into a hostlle world, to 

do not take On trust the of They Insuffer 

neglect and perhaps starvation-ln order to pun~sh 

'Ist upon tr~lng out things for 

and the parents did not happen to be s&clently stronglntelllgent 

and the wlllcd to practice continence marrlaget 1 used to bedoes 

lt seem for them t' break away rules of 'Ife 

l~eve that there was benefit to health and Increase of 

for them Irom the past, and to make thar 

power, whether physical or mental, In the cellbate llfe I 

Own experiments and tests As Mr S1nclalr hlmself Is a 

have tried both ways of llfe, and as a result I know that 

cons~stent rebel agalnst what was handed down to hlm In 

the old nonsense I do not say that I bethe 

physlcall, lntellectual and hfe, he lleve, I say 1 know, that free and happy love, guided by 

cannot expect nor desire to form ~les for the gu~dance 

wlsdom and sound knowledge, 1s not merely conduc~ve to 

of others In fact, lt 1s plain that he has no such ~nten- health, but Is In the long run necessary to health 

t~on His book 1s just a frlendly exposlt~on of h~s own 

l~fe and experlence, and the most that he expects 1s probably 

a suggestion of Ideas to h~s readers whlch may not 

have already occurred to them or may not have rece~ved 

them thoughtful attentlon 

Among these Ideas 1s that of Blrth Control, whlch he 

INFANT MORTALITY, by Hugh T Ashby, M D , 

Cambndge (England), at the Uluversity Press (The 

Macm~llan Co , New York) Second Edlt~on, 1922 

VERY aspect, execpt one, of the problem of Infant 

characterizes as "the most fundamental and most Impor- E mortalrtg IS pven close and adequate attentlon ~n 

tant ,, of It he says a ~ h and ~ sound ~ knowledge ~ ~ ~ Dr h Ashby's book, whlch 1s a m~ne of ~nformatlon conabout 

Blrth Control 1s just as essent~al to happiness In cermng the causes of Infant mortallty and the steps 

marnage as knowledge of d~et 1s necessary to health, or which have been taken and which ought to be taken 

as knowledge of economics 1s necessary to lntelhgent to check It The One aspect that Dr Ashby Is 

the value of dellberate, sclentlfic birth control ~n checking 

action as a voter and cltlzen. The suppression by law of 

knowledge of Blrth Control 1s just as grave a cnme 

the blrth of unfit and unwanted bab~es, and thus bnneng 

down both Infant and maternal mortaht~ rates Dr 

agalnst human l~fe as ever was comm~tted by rellgous 

Ashby IS, however, stlll obsessed w~th the fear of depopubigotry 

In the blackest days of the Spamsb inquls~t~on " 

lation and rum for the Bntlsh Emp~re, on account of a 

He descr~bes present cond~t~ons ~n the Umted States- falllng blrth-rate, and apparently regrets the high rate 

the 'low lncrease of the 

more deslrable lmmlgrant 

stock and of the 

7 the 'cbreedlng hke 

of the mddle seventres, although th~s rate was lnev~tably 

accompanl~ by a correspondlnglg high death-rate He 

rabblts" of unasslmllable allens, such as the Japanese In acknowledges that the present low blrth-rate In England 

~allfornla, and of the slum dwellers, the social condltlons brings with a decline In Infant rnortallty, because he 

wluch forbid the marriage the and respon- belleves that the alarm aroused hgthedecl~nehas awakened 

slble Young man who knows that ~t would be lm~Osslble people to the necessity of sanng Infant llves which would 

for him to support a famll~ 7 the consequent Prostitutlon otherwise have been lost He neglects the fact that the 

and disease, the clouding of marital ha~~lness by terror, lowering of the Infant death-rate comes automattcally 

the Increase of nervous disorders, and the breaking up of 

what might be happy homes He condemns utterly the 

when rn0ther.q have fewer babies, when they have better 

health before and after them blrth, and more tlme to 

cellbate ideal On thls quest~on he passed through a stage, devote to their care Yet he does note that "the most 

through whlch hundreds of thousands of people have to prolific are, on the whole, the least fitted for the Important 

pass ~f they are to l~berate themselves from the tyranny and respons~ble task of rearm@; the next generat~on 

of trad~tlon He wr~tes There IS, ~n fact, too much poor stock raised, and there 

"I am one of those who for many years believed that 1s too llttle restraint upon idlots, feeble-rmnded, and 

the destruct~on of the manta1 relat~onsh~p was the only phys~cally dlseased " He also shows that the large famproper 

and moral method I was brought up to take the dy of the poor worktng class overburdens the mother and


offers scanty chance of health and vlgor to the chlldren, 

and that ~t 1s In large famllles that Infant mortality is 

the highest The infant born Into the fady m wmfortable 

circumstances has the best chance of surmval 

Dr Ashby seems to think that ~t 1s out of pureperverslty 

and sot on account of the heavy burden of taxation and 

hlgh costs of llvlng and education that the educated and 

professlonal classes are stnctly hmhng the number of 

their chddren In fact, m his zeal for a lugh birth-rate 

he seems to lose slght of the value of quality and pmposes 

to lay upon the tax-pay~ng part of the commumty 

an extra burden In forclng ~t to undertake the support 

of the large famllles of the lower and irresponsible 

classes "The only remedy," he wntes, "1s that, ~f the 

poor take the trouble to ~roduce the cluldren which the 

nch will not do, then the latter should help the poor to 

bear the burden of rearlng them" Such a proposal is 

hlghly dysge~uc, for it would inevitably tend to increase 

the numbers of the unfit and decrease the progeny of better 

stocks It would accentuate the tendencies which Dr 

Ashby deplores, but for wluch he offers not a cure but an 

aggravation The book descnbes codtlons m England, 

but ~t apples equally to the Umted States and other 

clvlhzed countries 

Two Rmews by Helen Glenn Tyson 

WHAT'S WRONG WITH OUR GIRLS? by Beatnce 

Forbes-Robertson Hale, Fredenck A Stokes Co 

"our e;lrls" Mrs Hale evidently means the grrls of 

BY the upper -the very upper - lncome groups, and 

after readmg her book one concludes that she does not 

tlunk that there 1s very much "wrong" wlth them, after 

all In fact, a strong suspic~on 18 aroused that the author 

mscussed the future of the Woman Movement mth frankness 

and mterest, and then cast about for a ''sell&' 

title - wlth this rather melodramahc and Irrelevant 

result 

Mrs Hale belongs to the ''R~ght Wq" of the Femn- 

1st Movement She believes that "what women do as 

~n&vlduals IS of merely pnvate luterest, what they may 

do collechvdy m all-mportant " Yet, strangely 

enough, she @ves no thought at all to the dea that the 

group-care of very llttle chlldren may be one of the 

"collectlve" espenments of the mothers of the future 

In &s relation, her naive commendatlon of the "creche" 

as a laboratory for chlld study 1s a Mtle amuslng to 

those who know how madequate is our Day Nursery 

provlslon for the chddren of poor worlung mothers 

There are many curious gaps in the dlscusaon of the 

Woman Movement, perhaps because Mrs Hale 1s so preoccupied 

wlth her theme of Woman the Co-operator that 

she forgets that women cannot learn to work together 

without some measure of laure and freedom In the 

several chapters on "careers" and "chdd study9', wlth the 

frequent unphcatlon that professional work and matermty 

must somehow be combined, it 16 strange that no 

emphasls has been lald on voluntary - as contrasted mth 

accidental - motherhood Certainly, unless her mater- 

nal function 1s under her own control, no woman can hope 

for professlonal status or achievement m any type of 

work On this whole problem there are only one or two 

vague sentences "Among natlve Americans, the small 

famdy has become a permanent ~nstitution the large 

fady cr~ppled the lives of mothers and lnentably en- 

tailed a hgh infant mortahty rate" (page 91) But in 

another paragraph the writer makes the complacent 

comment (page 149) "It is perhaps sad that women 

w~thout the gft of motherhood should ever be called upon 

to bear chldren But a eft demed can be acquired, up 

to a certaln pomt, and we mothers should daily ask ourselves, 

'Am I developing true motherhood?"' It 1s 

perhaps equally sad that certaln other "gfts," such as 

health, or an adequate Income, are also sometimes demed 

to mothers, especially those wlth very large familes, and 

that these "g~fts" cannot be "acqmred" by any such easy 

method of self-analysls 

Mrs Hale's book is too class-consc~ous for democratic 

Amerlca It 1s full of interestmg and suggestive bits of 

msdom about daughter-culture for those who have the 

means of applylug them, but ~t shows little grasp of the 

tremendous social and economlc questions women must 

face today if they are Indeed to bear and nurture a 

New Race 

THE SECRET OF WOMAN, by Helen Jerome Bom 

and Llvenght, New York 

ID-VICTORIANISM dles hard In that age the no- 

M tion was current that woman possessed a peculiar innate 

quahty known as "femlmne intu~tlon," that her 

"mysterious charm," exerted along llnes of "indirect ~duence," 

was her greatest weapon, and that her absorbin- 

In fact, her only-luterest lay in her relations wlth the 

other sex 

The hysterical effort of thls writer to re-create the 

"mystenous" woman of the Victorian era, dress her m a 

tlun cloak of modern sex psychology, and then to stnp 

the cloak away and reveal her "secret," belongs .sn the 

dusty past rather than In the cheerful sunshine of today 

Modern women perhaps tend to become a blt standardized 

as to dress, behamor, and even oplmons, but many of 

them interests are qlute objective, and he outside the 

field of them personal hves The moody, introspective 

female that the author descnbes, who spends her days In 

repeating "He loves me, he loves me not," should put on 

her aghtcen Inch corsets, her hlgh heels and frail health, 

and toddle back lnto the bnc-a-brac of the seventies 

where she belongs She has no "secret" that we would 

care to dlscover 

BOOKS RECEIVED 

From E P Dutton & Co , New York, L~vmo WITH OUB 

CHILDEEN, by Clara D Plerson 

From George H Doran Co, New York, THE DOMI- 

NANT SEX, by Mathdde and Mathias Vaertlng, translated 

by Eden and Cedar Paul 

From Grant &chards, Ltd , London, TH& EXEMIES OF 

LIBEBTY, by E S P Haynes

PERIODICALS 

Dr B Austin wr~tes, In The Eugenws R~QWW (London) 

for July, on "The Sub-Man," who attracted so much 

attention on both sldes of the Atlantic during the opera- 

tions of the draft boards He polnts out the great danger 

that the man who 1s below normal In intelligence consti- 

tutes to a soclety whlch has suspended nature's law of 

elimlnatlon of the un6t "Under natural conditions," he 

wntes, "the defectlve mental qualities which tend to pro- 

duce excessive fertlllty tend also to produce an excessive 

infant mortallty, by which the fertility 1s to some extent 

cancelled But this tendency is countered by the bene- 

volent interference of the fit The children of the sub- 

people become the objects of publlc care and sohcitude, 

wlth the result that the child mortallty is being steadily 

reduced Thus while the increase 1s uncontrolled, the 

ellrmnatlon 1s being steadily inhibited " Dr Austln points 

Know Thyself, the new perlodlcal of the Haldeman- 

Juhus Company (Glrard, Kansas), devotes its August 

number to the popularizat~on of the new knowledge of 

physiology, based on study of the glands, and psychology, 

based on study of the unconsc~ous It contalns several 

useful artlcles on aspects of these subjects by the editor, 

Wdham J Fteldlng, who also beens a series of articles on 

"The Morallty of Blrth Control " In the first paper of 

ths serles Mr Fielhng shows that dehberate restnctlon 

of the population 1s in the hlghest sense natural and not 

"contrary to nature," as opponents of Birth Control are 

so fond of stating 

Hans Coudenhove, in the Atlantsc Monthly for August, 

has a chatty article on the posltion of women In Nyasa- 

land It is evldent that equallty of the sexes is by no 

means unknown in savage hie, and research into social 

conditions, both historic and of contemporary tribes, is 

dolng much to destroy old-time notlons of the age-long 

subjection of women It would have been Interesting to 

have learned more concermng such questions as the birth- 

rate, and the right of the mother to control reproduction, 

but Mr Coudenhove has nothing to say on these subjects 

The Century (New York) for August contalns an article 

by J B S Haldane of Cambridge Umverslty, England, 

entitled, "If You Were Allve In 2123" It is scarcely 

comprehensive enough to be descr~bed as Mr Haldane's 

Utopla It rather indicates h ~s idea of the future trend 

of discoveries In biology, a sclence wluch he thinks has 

been allowed to lag far behlnd the slster sclences that have 

out no remedy for this gradual deterioration of the race to do with inanlmate matter For those who thlnk that 

He contents himself with remark~ng that Blrth Control any new interference with nature is impious (of course, 

would probably be of little direct value as a solutlon of no one objects to Interferences to which they have become 

the problem But he overlooks the fact that the legalma- accustomed, such as the milking of cows or the stlmulation 

and populanzation of Birth Control would create a tion of egg-laymg by hens), the suggestions will be 

new and effectwe publlc oplnlon agalnst irresponsible startling Birth Control, as we understand rt, is conserparentage, 

an oplmon whlch would make it certain that vative In the extreme as compared mth the selective 

soclety would no longer submlt to the ~n&ctlon upon ~t of restnctlon of the future as forecast In ths artlcle 

the burden of the sub-man's famlly 

Professor Ralph E Danforth, in the Scmtsfi Monthly 

The same issue of The Eugenws Reoteu, contalns a (New York) for August, suggests a somewhat fantastic 

renew by Professor S J Holmes of Margaret Sanger's scheme for lmprovlng the quality of the human race HIS 

"Pivot of C~vlhzatlon " The renewer 1s dissatisfied that artlcle on "Creative Effort In Human Evolution" looks 

Mrs Sanger has not entered the llsts as a champion of forward to the beaut&catlon and sanitation of the whole 

Eugemcs, and that she does not urge more chlldren for world He realizes that thls cannot be accomplished as 

the fit He overlooks the fact that her campalgn is one long as human reproductlon follows its present chaohc 

for hberation, for the nght of men and women, and espe- course He therefore suggests the dlvlsion of the populacially 

women, to control the~r own powers of reproduct~on, tion of any overcrowded country lnto three parts one to 

and that until this fight 1s won there 1s httle use in consist of the men and women who, after hanng passed 

address~ng moral platitudes to people who refuse to add exhaustive tests, have been adjudged fit to marry, who 

more human beings to the sweltenng masses which are will live in farmlies with their chlldren, the other two to 

destroying c~vihzatlon He admlts, however, that "Mrs consist respectively of the males and females who have 

Sanger's book will prow of value in breaklng down preju- failed to pass these tests and who will be strlctly segredice 

and in dlrectlng attention to problems of ntal gated but even opportumtg for as full a hfe as is consistimportance 

" "It is wntten," he adds, "in an interesttng ent wlth the demal of all sexual expression It would 

and spirited manner, it mamfests a broad humalutarlan requlre an all-powerful autocrat to carry out such a 

outlook, and, in general, it 1s tempered with common scheme, and the questlon may well be asked Why not try 

sense " 

voluntary Blrth Control and at the same time create a 

pubhc opinlon that wllI reprobate the procreation of 

chlldren from unfit stock or in un6t conditions? Professor 

Danforth's scheme would be more radlcal, and perhaps 

more ~mmedlately fruitful of results But there is 

the great objection that it would be impossible In a democratlc 

world, while the ideal of the advocates of Blrth 

Control is feaslble and humane, and only requires the 

formation of an enlightened public opimon and the hberahzation 

of the laws to imtiate its worhng 

Has any country a nght to slop ,ts popdatwn over a d 

beyond sts boundanen, or to clam trade and food becausc 

of tts heedless self-congestson -H G WELLS

SEX BOOKS 

Only for Profeunod and 

Advanced Adult Readen 

&scmpbm luta sed m dad earslopa The norl 

atdhontoh~c morh d m g Fwd Kuch Kroff-Ebmg RoL* 

Mulrhom and E L 

THE MODERN BOOK A.SOC1AnON 

Formerly of New Yak Cay 

4110 SANTA MONICA BOULEVARD 

LOS ANGEWS, CAL 

"Boob for Inlelhgenl People" 

Pmm MRS RICHARD BILLINGS, Chamman, New York 

LcpuLhrc Comrmttce, Amemcam Burth Contrd b 

DO YOU KNOW THE MAN FOR 

WHOM YOU WILL VOTE? 

Just a word to the mpporters of the pnnnplu of 

Bmth Control. Interest yourulvu m State and 

local ~ohhu. and make an opportun~t)' to mwt 

the men who -h to repre~nt you at the Caprtol 

at Albany Or better acqaa~ntcd mth the men 

and women who are askmg for your votr Can- 

&&tea for o6ice are arcuktmg pehhom for mgnatures 

of elector. to pre.ent to them party leaders 

to a~d them m gethng the party endoracment. 

Do not confine your mterest or mtemews to 

your party cnnd~datc If you are a Democrat call 

on the Repubhean canddate you are a Soclal~st, 

call on the Democrat, urge the11 calu~derahon of 

B~rth Control as a pnnclple and find out them 

opuuon on h s welfare meamre of fundamental 

rmportanw Pomt out the necesmty for amendmg 

the law ro thar phyaclans m thew publsc and pnmte 

prachce may eve contracephve mformahon 

wthout at bung a c-al of ence Ask for thew 

cooperabon m puttmg through our B~rth Control 

M~~ 

Posnt out the advantages of mch a measure not 

only to the lndndual and fady but also to the 

State and Nahon 

Be- now on your campaxgn Remember your 

rote 1s a power to be u.ed wth ~ntelllsence Fmd 

the canhdate who vnll help tha movement and 

mpport lum Lterature d be sent to assrat yotl 

m educatmg your representahve d you *rill wnte 

to the 

AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE 

104 FUTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. 

If you are dorng your part m the fight for 

BIRTH CONTROL 

you wrll subscrrbe to the 

Birth Control 

Review 

You wrll contrrbute a subscrrptron for 

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THE BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW 104 Fifth Avenue, New York

September - Life Dynamics

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