Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP
Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP
Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT<br />
abandoned vessels documented in <strong>the</strong> Piti Channel and <strong>the</strong> Hagåtña Boat Basin were potential<br />
navigation hazards, particularly those located in <strong>the</strong> center of <strong>the</strong> Piti Channel. Potential threats to<br />
navigation in <strong>the</strong> CNMI are <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> most part WWII era barges located in sheltered and nearshore areas<br />
(Lord et al. 2003). A Japanese military freighter (possibly <strong>the</strong> Shoan Maru) is partially awash sou<strong>the</strong>ast of<br />
Mañagha Island, Saipan (15.24N; 145.72E) and is a threat to navigation. The steel freighter, Sin Long No.<br />
8, located in Tinian is partially exposed and is a threat to navigation.<br />
The majority of current small boat groundings are <strong>the</strong> result of operator error. However, most major<br />
groundings of larger ships (greater than 15 m in length) are typhoon related (Commonwealth of <strong>the</strong><br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Mariana Islands Coastal <strong>Resources</strong> Management 2001).<br />
2.7.8.3 Fish Aggregating Devices<br />
FADs consist of single or multiple floating devices (Samples and Hollyer 1989) connected to <strong>the</strong> ocean<br />
floor by ballast or anchors. Usually prefabricated, FADs are designed to attract fish species to <strong>the</strong>m<br />
(Klima and Wickham 1971). Even though a naturally floating log attracts fish, it is not considered a FAD<br />
because humans did not intentionally place it in <strong>the</strong> ocean (Blue Water 2002). Two fundamentally<br />
different types of FADs have been employed since <strong>the</strong> 1970s: large floating FADs and small mid-water<br />
FADs. Large FADs have been deployed in water depths exceeding 1,800 m <strong>for</strong> ocean pelagic commercial<br />
and recreational fisheries. Small FADs have been used in more nearshore and coastal environments <strong>for</strong><br />
recreational fisheries in water depths ranging from 15 to 30 m (Rountree 1990).<br />
The first FADs deployed within <strong>the</strong> study area were constructed by connecting three 55-gallon drums<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r (Chapman 2004). Four of <strong>the</strong>se FADs were deployed between 1979 and 1980. All were lost<br />
within five months of deployment. The Nor<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Marianas</strong> Islands first deployed five FADs in conjunction<br />
with <strong>the</strong> Pacific Tuna Development Foundation in 1980. Four of <strong>the</strong> five were lost within <strong>the</strong> first six<br />
months (Chapman 2004). Currently, Guam maintains 16 FADs within 20 NM of <strong>the</strong> shoreline (Chapman<br />
2004; DAWR 2004; Figure 2-11). Lost FADs are replaced within two weeks (Chapman 2004). The<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Marianas</strong> Islands has turned over deployment of FADs to a private contractor and currently<br />
maintains 10 FADs deployed (three remaining) between <strong>the</strong> islands of Rota and Saipan (Chapman 2004;<br />
CNMI DFW 2005).<br />
Buoys—A buoy is a floating plat<strong>for</strong>m used <strong>for</strong> navigational purposes or supporting scientific instruments<br />
that measure environmental conditions. Currently two meteorological buoys capable of measuring wave<br />
energy, wave direction, and sea surface temperature are active and located in <strong>the</strong> study area (Figure 2-<br />
11). One of <strong>the</strong>se buoys supports oceanographic instruments and is owned by <strong>the</strong> Scripps Institution of<br />
Oceanography (La Jolla, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia), and is located off of Guam at 13°21'15" N, 144°47'20" E in 200 m of<br />
water depth (CDIP 2005; NDBC 2005; StormSurf 2005). The o<strong>the</strong>r buoy is located off <strong>the</strong> coast of Saipan<br />
(15°06’N, 145°30’E) and serves a meteorological purpose (StormSurf 2005; Figure 2-11). CRED (Coral<br />
Reef Ecosystem Division – NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center) has deployed and currently<br />
maintains subsurface instrument arrays on all of <strong>the</strong> islands in <strong>the</strong> study area, and has surface buoys on<br />
Rota, Saipan, Pagan, Maug (Michael Parke personal communication).<br />
2.8 LITERATURE CITED<br />
Abraham, T., M. Beger, D. Burdick, E. Cochrane, P. Craig, G. Didonato, D. Fenner, A. Green, Y. Golbuu,<br />
J. Gutierrez, M. Hasurmai, C. Hawkins, P. Houk, D. Idip, D. Jacobson, E. Jospeh, T. Keju, J.<br />
Kuartei, S. Palik, L. Penland, S. Pinca, K. Rikim, J. Starmer, M. Trianni, S. Victor, and L.<br />
Whaylen. 2004. Status of <strong>the</strong> coral reefs in Micronesia and American Samoa. Edited by R. Kelty,<br />
and J. Kuartei. Pages 381-409 in C. Wilkinson, ed. Status of Coral Reefs of <strong>the</strong> World: 2004.<br />
Townsville, Queensland: Australian Institute of <strong>Marine</strong> Science.<br />
Amesbury, S., R. Bonito, R. Chang, L. Kirkendale, C. Meyer, G. Paulay, R. Ritson-Williams, and T.<br />
Rongo. 2001. <strong>Marine</strong> biodiversity resource survey and baseline reef monitoring survey of <strong>the</strong><br />
Haputo Ecological Reserve Area, COMNAVMARIANAS. Final. Mangilao, Guam: <strong>Marine</strong><br />
Laboratory, University of Guam.<br />
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