Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP

AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT
Hadley circulation—the process in which warm air rises from the surface, travels away from the equator,
cools, and sinks back to the surface of the Earth
Haermic—pair spawning
Handgear—term used for type of fishing gear that are mainly operated by hand including harpoons,
handlines, rods and reels
Hard coral—see hermatypic coral
Hardbottom⎯area of the sea floor, usually on the continental shelf, associated with hard substrate such
as outcroppings of limestone or sandstone that may serve as attachment locations for organisms such as
corals, sponges, and other invertebrates or algae
Harem—a group of females whose breeding is controlled by a single male who seeks to prevent other
males from breeding with them
Hatchling—a newly hatched bird, amphibian, fish, or reptile
Haul out⎯the process by which pinnipeds crawl or pull themselves out of the water onto land
Haulout⎯intertidal rock outcrops, sandbars, shoals, mudflats, or sandy beaches where marine animals,
such as pinnipeds, periodically and purposefully come ashore
Haven—refuge or sanctuary
Hectare—a measurement of land area and is equivalent to 0.01 square kilometers
Herbivore—an animal that eats plants as its main source of energy
Hermatypic coral—reef-building coral containing symbiotic, unicellular zooxanthallae in their endodermal
tissue; usually colonial, may be solitary, found in shallow, warm, sunlit waters
Hexacorals—coral distinguished by hexameral symmetry; scleractinian
Hydrographic—used with reference to the structure and movement of bodies of water, particularly
currents and water masses
Hydrography—the science of measuring and describing the surface waters of the Earth
Hydroids⎯class of solitary or colonial coelenterates that have a hollow cylindrical body closed at one
end with a mouth surrounded by tentacles at the other end
Hydrophone—transducer for detecting underwater sound pressures; an underwater microphone
Hydrothermal vent—location on the ocean floor in which water percolates down through fractures in
recently formed ocean floor, is heated by underlying magma, and surfaces through chimneys.
Hydrothermal vents are usually located near the axis of spreading on ocean ridges and rises
Hydrozoans—delicate marine animals usually in clusters or colonies of the phylum Coelenterata;
individual polyps are encased in gelatinous cups and often secrete coral as supporting structures; highly
branched polyp or hydroid stage of many members is important component of fouling
Ichthyofauna—all fish that live in a particular area
In situ—in the natural or original position
8-12