Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP

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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Table 4-5. Continued Management Unit Species/Taxa Ma La Es SB Ss Cr/Hs Pr Sz DST Pe Comments Scleractinian Anthozoans Stony corals (Scleractinia) Ahermatypic corals (Azooxanthellate) Non-Scleractinian Anthozoans Anemones (Actinaria) Colonial anemones or soft zoanthid corals (Zoanthidae) Soft corals and gorgonians (Alcyonaria) Blue coral (Heliopora coerulea) Organ-pipe corals or star polyps (Tubipora musica) A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S E,L A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S E,L A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S E,L A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S E,L A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S E,L A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S A,J,S E,L 4-19 A,J A,J Live rock A,J A,J A,J A,J A,J E,L Depth distribution: 0-60 m Depth distribution: 44-1,761 m Depth distribution: 0-40 m Distribution: lagoon floors, back reef flats, reef crests, shallow sub- littoral zone Depth distribution - soft corals: 3- 30 m and gorgonians:
AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT the species found in the study area are listed on the IUCN Red List of threatened species (IUCN 2004). Distribution—The Carangids are a large family represented in all tropical and temperate seas with the majority being found in coral reef waters (Allen and Steene 1987; Myers 1999). The mackerel scad is a circumtropical species and is widespread throughout the Indian Ocean. This species ranges from the Indo-West Pacific to the Marquesas Islands in the east, and from Japan in the north, south to Australia (Smith-Vaniz 1999). The mackerel scad can be found from the Carolines to the Marianas in Micronesia (Myers 1999). Bigeye scad range from Japan and the Hawaiian Islands in the north, south to New Caledonia and Rapa, and throughout Micronesia (Myers 1999). This species can be found off the coast of Guam year round but is scarce in July and August, which may be due to spawning (Uchida 1983). Habitat Preferences—Carangid eggs are planktonic and larvae are common in nearshore waters. Juveniles can be found in nearshore and estuarine waters and occasionally form small schools over sandy inshore reef flats (Myers 1999). Adults are widely distributed in shallow coastal waters, estuaries, shallow reefs, deep reef slopes, banks, and seamounts (WPRFMC 2001). Adult Carangids can range from reef habitats to deep slope habitats at depths of 0 to 350 m (WPRFMC 2001). Mackerel scad are a schooling species that are most often found in open water and frequently in insular habitats. This species can be found near the surface, but is commonly taken at depths from 40 to 200 m (Froese and Pauly 2004). Small to large schools of bigeye scad are typically found inshore or in shallow-water and occasionally over shallow reefs in turbid water to depths of 170 m (Smith-Vaniz 1999). Large schools of bigeye scad appear seasonally in the Marianas from August to November in shallow sandy lagoons, bays, and channels (Myers 1999). Life History—Carangid species spawn in pairs within larger aggregations associated with the lunar cycle. Little is known about the reproduction of these species but peak spawning occurs between May and August (WPRFMC 2001). Decapterus spp. and Selar spp. tend to spawn in pelagic environments. Eggs are also found in pelagic waters and after hatching, larvae and juvenile fish remain in the pelagic environment where they frequently form large aggregating schools. Juvenile aggregations have been identified as far as 90 miles (mi) offshore. Larval and juvenile fish remain in offshore pelagic waters for the first several months of their life, after which they migrate to the nearshore adult habitat. Spawning occurs from March to August, peaking from May to July (WPRFMC 2001). EFH Designations—(WPRFMC 2001; Figures D-10, D-14, and D-18; Table 4-5) Eggs and Larvae―The water column from the shoreline to the outer boundary of the EEZ to a depth of 100 m. Adult and Juveniles―All bottom habitat and the adjacent water column from 0 to 100 m. ♦ Carcharhinidae (Requiem Sharks) Status—Five carcharhinid sharks are managed in Micronesia as part of the CHCRT by the WPRFMC (2001) and occur in CNMI and Guam (Amesbury and Myers 2001; Myers and Donaldson 2003). All have EFH designated within the boundaries of the study area (WPRFMC 2001; NMFS 2004c). In addition, the four other species of requiem sharks found in the study area have EFH designated under the PHCRT (WPRFMC 2001). Currently, no data are available to determine if requiem sharks of the CHCRT are approaching an overfished situation (NMFS 2004a). Of the nine sharks managed under CHCRT/PHCRT in the study area, five are listed on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. 4-20
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT STATEMENT
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT ACKNOWLEDG
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT TABLE OF C
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT TABLE OF C
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT LIST OF FI
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT LIST OF TA
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT LIST OF AC
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT LIST OF AC
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT 1.0 INTROD
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Table 1-1.
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Commonweal
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT 2.7 COASTA
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Uchida, R.
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT 3.1 MARINE
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT widespread
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT 3-23 Figur
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT brief gutt
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT coloration
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT 1991, 2003
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT ♦ Hubbs
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT 147 to 334
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Baird, R.W
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Calambokid
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Darling, J
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Lafortuna,
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT In the CNM
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Benthonic
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Endangered
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT APPENDIX A
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Appendix A
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT Figure D-2
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