Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP
Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP
Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP
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AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
(Continued)<br />
iii<br />
Page<br />
♦ Common and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops<br />
truncates and Tursiops aduncus, respectively) .................................3-38<br />
♦ Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuate)..............................3-41<br />
♦ Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris) ..............................................3-43<br />
♦ Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) ............................................3-45<br />
♦ Short-beaked Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) ........................3-46<br />
♦ Risso’s Dolphin (Grampus griseus) ...................................................3-48<br />
♦ Melon-headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) ................................3-49<br />
♦ Fraser’s Dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) ............................................3-50<br />
♦ Pygmy Killer Whale (Feresa attenuate).............................................3-51<br />
♦ False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens).......................................3-52<br />
♦ Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)................................................................3-53<br />
♦ Short-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala macrohynchus)...................3-55<br />
♦ Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) ............................3-56<br />
3.1.3 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................3-59<br />
3.2 SEA TURTLES.........................................................................................................................3-87<br />
3.2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................3-87<br />
3.2.2 Sea Turtles of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Marianas</strong> MRA Study Area ........................................................3-89<br />
♦ Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)..........................................................................3-92<br />
♦ Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata).........................................................3-95<br />
♦ Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) ..................................................................3-98<br />
♦ Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea).....................................................3-100<br />
♦ Lea<strong>the</strong>rback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)....................................................3-102<br />
3.2.3 Literature Cited ......................................................................................................3-104<br />
4.0 FISH AND FISHERIES .....................................................................................................................4-1<br />
4.1 FISH/INVERTEBRATES ...............................................................................................................4-1<br />
4.1.1 Essential Fish Habitat: Distribution and Species.......................................................4-2<br />
4.2 MANAGEMENT UNITS ................................................................................................................4-6<br />
4.2.1 Bottomfish Management Unit Species ......................................................................4-6<br />
4.2.2 Pelagic Management Unit Species ...........................................................................4-7<br />
4.2.3 Crustacean Management Unit Species.....................................................................4-9<br />
4.2.4 Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Unit Species .................................................4-12<br />
4.2.4.1 Introduction to Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Unit Species .........4-12<br />
4.2.4.2 Currently Harvested Coral Taxa..............................................................4-13<br />
4.2.4.2.1 Fish families ........................................................................4-13<br />
4.2.4.2.2 Aquarium taxa/species........................................................4-33<br />
4.2.4.3 Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa...................................................4-40<br />
4.2.4.3.1 Fish management unit species ...........................................4-40<br />
4.2.4.3.2 Invertebrate management unit species...............................4-54<br />
4.2.4.3.3 Sessile benthos management unit species.........................4-59<br />
4.3 FISHERIES RESOURCES ..........................................................................................................4-63<br />
4.3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................4-63<br />
4.3.1.1 Fisheries Problems .................................................................................4-63<br />
4.3.1.2 Fisheries Management............................................................................4-63<br />
4.3.1.3 Study Area Fisheries...............................................................................4-64<br />
4.3.2 Pelagic Fishery ........................................................................................................4-67<br />
4.3.3 Bottomfish Fishery...................................................................................................4-72<br />
4.3.4 Reef Fishery ............................................................................................................4-74<br />
4.3.5 Ports ........................................................................................................................4-78<br />
4.3.6 Fishing Areas...........................................................................................................4-78