Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP

AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
iii
Page
♦ Common and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops
truncates and Tursiops aduncus, respectively) .................................3-38
♦ Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuate)..............................3-41
♦ Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris) ..............................................3-43
♦ Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) ............................................3-45
♦ Short-beaked Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) ........................3-46
♦ Risso’s Dolphin (Grampus griseus) ...................................................3-48
♦ Melon-headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) ................................3-49
♦ Fraser’s Dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) ............................................3-50
♦ Pygmy Killer Whale (Feresa attenuate).............................................3-51
♦ False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens).......................................3-52
♦ Killer Whale (Orcinus orca)................................................................3-53
♦ Short-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala macrohynchus)...................3-55
♦ Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) ............................3-56
3.1.3 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................3-59
3.2 SEA TURTLES.........................................................................................................................3-87
3.2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................3-87
3.2.2 Sea Turtles of the Marianas MRA Study Area ........................................................3-89
♦ Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)..........................................................................3-92
♦ Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata).........................................................3-95
♦ Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) ..................................................................3-98
♦ Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea).....................................................3-100
♦ Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)....................................................3-102
3.2.3 Literature Cited ......................................................................................................3-104
4.0 FISH AND FISHERIES .....................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 FISH/INVERTEBRATES ...............................................................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Essential Fish Habitat: Distribution and Species.......................................................4-2
4.2 MANAGEMENT UNITS ................................................................................................................4-6
4.2.1 Bottomfish Management Unit Species ......................................................................4-6
4.2.2 Pelagic Management Unit Species ...........................................................................4-7
4.2.3 Crustacean Management Unit Species.....................................................................4-9
4.2.4 Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Unit Species .................................................4-12
4.2.4.1 Introduction to Coral Reef Ecosystem Management Unit Species .........4-12
4.2.4.2 Currently Harvested Coral Taxa..............................................................4-13
4.2.4.2.1 Fish families ........................................................................4-13
4.2.4.2.2 Aquarium taxa/species........................................................4-33
4.2.4.3 Potentially Harvested Coral Reef Taxa...................................................4-40
4.2.4.3.1 Fish management unit species ...........................................4-40
4.2.4.3.2 Invertebrate management unit species...............................4-54
4.2.4.3.3 Sessile benthos management unit species.........................4-59
4.3 FISHERIES RESOURCES ..........................................................................................................4-63
4.3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................4-63
4.3.1.1 Fisheries Problems .................................................................................4-63
4.3.1.2 Fisheries Management............................................................................4-63
4.3.1.3 Study Area Fisheries...............................................................................4-64
4.3.2 Pelagic Fishery ........................................................................................................4-67
4.3.3 Bottomfish Fishery...................................................................................................4-72
4.3.4 Reef Fishery ............................................................................................................4-74
4.3.5 Ports ........................................................................................................................4-78
4.3.6 Fishing Areas...........................................................................................................4-78