Marine Resources Assessment for the Marianas Operating ... - SPREP

AUGUST 2005 FINAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
ii
Page
2.6.4 Mariana Trench .......................................................................................................2-18
2.7 COASTAL HABITATS................................................................................................................2-19
2.7.1 Intertidal Zone..........................................................................................................2-19
2.7.2 Coral Communities and Reefs ................................................................................2-19
2.7.2.1 Regional Distribution, Composition, and Condition.................................2-20
2.7.2.2 Coral Communities and Reefs of Guam .................................................2-31
2.7.2.3 Coral Communities and Reefs of Tinian .................................................2-37
2.7.2.4 Coral Communities and Reefs of Farallon de Medinilla..........................2-38
2.7.3 Softbottom Habitats .................................................................................................2-38
2.7.4 Estuarine Habitats ...................................................................................................2-39
2.7.5 Lagoons...................................................................................................................2-40
2.7.6 Seagrass Beds ........................................................................................................2-41
2.7.7 Mangroves...............................................................................................................2-41
2.7.8 Artificial Habitats......................................................................................................2-43
2.7.8.1 Artificial Reefs .........................................................................................2-43
2.7.8.2 Shipwrecks ..............................................................................................2-44
2.7.8.3 Fish Aggregating Devices .......................................................................2-46
2.8 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................................2-46
3.0 SPECIES OF CONCERN .................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 MARINE MAMMALS....................................................................................................................3-3
3.1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................3-3
3.1.1.1 Adaptations to the Marine Environment: Sound Production and
Reception ..................................................................................................3-3
3.1.1.2 Marine Mammal Distribution―Habitat and Environmental
Associations ..............................................................................................3-4
3.1.2 Marine Mammals of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands .......................................................................................................................3-5
3.1.2.1 Marine Mammal Occurrences ...................................................................3-7
3.1.2.2 Threatened and Endangered Marine Mammals of Guam and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands......................................3-7
♦ North Pacific Right Whale (Eubalaena japonica).................................3-8
♦ Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) ..................................3-11
♦ Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) ...................................................3-15
♦ Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) ..................................................3-16
♦ Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) ..............................................3-18
♦ Sperm Whale (Physter macrocephalus) ...........................................3-19
♦ Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) ..............................3-21
♦ Dugong (Dugong dugon) ..................................................................3-25
3.1.2.3 Non-Threatened and Non-Endangered Marine Mammal Species of
Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands................................................3-26
♦ Minke Whale(Balaenoptera acutorostrata) .......................................3-26
♦ Bryde’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni/brydei) ......................................3-28
♦ Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales (Kogia breviceps and Kogia
sima, respectively) .............................................................................3-29
♦ Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) .....................................3-31
♦ Blainville’s Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon densirostris).......................3-32
♦ Ginkgo-toothed Whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens) ............................3-33
♦ Hubbs’ Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi)...............................3-35
♦ Longman’s Beaked Whale (Indopacetus pacificus)...........................3-36
♦ Rough-toothed Dolphin (Steno bredanensis) ....................................3-37