Cetacean researches at Phuket Marine Biological Center - fisheries ...
Cetacean researches at Phuket Marine Biological Center - fisheries ...
Cetacean researches at Phuket Marine Biological Center - fisheries ...
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CETACEAN RESEARCHES AT<br />
PHUKET MARINE BIOLOGICAL<br />
CENTER<br />
Kongki<strong>at</strong> Kittiw<strong>at</strong>tanawong
Overview<br />
Research timeline<br />
Survey and monitoring<br />
Stranding network and records<br />
D<strong>at</strong>a obtaining from the stranded specimens<br />
Rescue of cetaceans<br />
Conserv<strong>at</strong>ion and Management
Earliest documents<br />
1950: Suv<strong>at</strong>ti. Fauna of Thailand. 3 species.<br />
1973: Pelleri. Contribution to the knowledge<br />
of <strong>Cetacean</strong>s of Southwest and Monsoon Asia<br />
(Persian Gulf, Indus Delta, Malabar, Andaman<br />
Sea and the Gulf of Thailand). 7 species.<br />
1977: Lekagul and Mcneely. Mammals of<br />
Thailand. 12 species.<br />
1989: Pelleri, et al. A dwarf form of the<br />
spinner dolphin from Thailand.<br />
1996: Chantrapornsyl, et al. Whales and<br />
dolphins in Thailand. 19 species.
<strong>Marine</strong> mammals of Thailand<br />
24 Species of cetacean<br />
21 Species from the Andaman Sea<br />
19 Species from the Gulf of Thailand
<strong>Phuket</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Biological</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />
-Department of<br />
Fisheries (1972-<br />
2001)<br />
-Department of<br />
<strong>Marine</strong> and<br />
Coastal Resources<br />
(2002-present)<br />
-5 research<br />
st<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
-6 research<br />
groups<br />
-<strong>Marine</strong> Ecology<br />
-Taxonomy and<br />
Reference<br />
collection<br />
-Oceanography<br />
and pollution<br />
-<strong>Marine</strong><br />
resources<br />
evalu<strong>at</strong>ion and<br />
monitoring<br />
-<strong>Marine</strong><br />
Endangered<br />
Species<br />
-Initi<strong>at</strong>ed in<br />
1987<br />
-Survey and<br />
monitoring<br />
-Stranding<br />
network and<br />
records<br />
-D<strong>at</strong>a from the<br />
carcasses<br />
-Rescue<br />
-Management<br />
and<br />
conserv<strong>at</strong>ion
Survey and monitoring<br />
Interview inform<strong>at</strong>ion, Land-based observ<strong>at</strong>ion, Bo<strong>at</strong> survey, Aerial survey, Acoustic<br />
technique, Cooper<strong>at</strong>ion with local community.
Sighting Records<br />
Family Common name Scientific name<br />
1. Balaenopteridae Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus<br />
Bryde’s whale<br />
Balaenoptera edeni<br />
Omura whale<br />
Balaenoptera omurai<br />
2. Physeteridae Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus<br />
3. Kogiidae Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps<br />
Dwarf sperm whale Kogia simus<br />
4. Ziphiidae Ginkgo-toothed whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens<br />
Cuvier’s beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris<br />
5. Delphinidae Killer whale Orcinus orca<br />
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens<br />
Pygmy killer whale Feresa <strong>at</strong>tenu<strong>at</strong>a<br />
Short-fined pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus<br />
Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra<br />
Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin Sousa chinensis<br />
Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus<br />
Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis<br />
Long beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis<br />
Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris<br />
Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba<br />
Spotted dolphin Stenella <strong>at</strong>tenu<strong>at</strong>a<br />
Fraser’s dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei<br />
Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris<br />
Risso’s dolphin Grampus griseus<br />
6. Phocoenidae Finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides
Land-based observ<strong>at</strong>ion
Land-based observ<strong>at</strong>ion
Bo<strong>at</strong> survey methodology
Line transect survey<br />
Stripped transect<br />
Detection probability<br />
Assumptions
Sea st<strong>at</strong>e and estim<strong>at</strong>ion
Social interaction
Feeding behavior
Humpback dolphin: Photo ID<br />
14 Mar 07 28 Mar 08
Aerial survey<br />
Started from<br />
1997.<br />
Aircrafts: Polaris<br />
Flying bo<strong>at</strong>,<br />
Microlite, Ultralite,<br />
Helicopter, Fixed<br />
wings Dornier.
Aerial survey<br />
+<br />
popul<strong>at</strong>ion estim<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Large coverage<br />
-<br />
Species ID<br />
Expensive<br />
Difficult to get<br />
oper<strong>at</strong>e<br />
Limit<strong>at</strong>ion to near<br />
shore areas
Survey results: www.pmbc.go.th
Cooper<strong>at</strong>ive d<strong>at</strong>a collecting
Sighting records by villagers
Resources mapping by local community
Opportunistic sighting<br />
Diving oper<strong>at</strong>ors<br />
Regular route sea<br />
transport<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Fisheries p<strong>at</strong>rol, DOF<br />
SEAFDEC
Stranding of cetaceans
Interview inform<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Tent<strong>at</strong>ive species and<br />
distribution over the<br />
past and present<br />
Rel<strong>at</strong>ive abundance<br />
Attitude of local<br />
people<br />
Stranding network<br />
propaganda
Stranding records
Mass Strandings
9 Irrawaddy dolphins<br />
In 2009<br />
5 spotted dolphins in 1999<br />
& 8 in 2006<br />
3 rough-toothed dolphins<br />
in 2008<br />
30 false killer whales in 2008<br />
9 spinner dolphins in 1999<br />
Andaman Sea<br />
Gulf of<br />
Thaila
False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens
One whale died of drowning. 10 whales were transferred to opposite bay.<br />
We applied them with dexamethasone to prevent shock, measured length.
B<strong>at</strong>ok Bay:Width 745 m and the length is 925 m
1 male and 2 females rough tooth dolphins; body lengths of 2.45-2.6 m.
9 Irrawaddy dolphins stranded<br />
in front of mangrove beach in Mar 2009
•Dolphins were foraging<br />
into the shallow area.<br />
•During low tide they were<br />
trapped behind the breaking<br />
w<strong>at</strong>er obstacles.
Sand Sausage<br />
4-5 m
<strong>Cetacean</strong> rescue
Dolphin flo<strong>at</strong> supporter
D<strong>at</strong>a from the carcasses
P<strong>at</strong>hology and Parasitology
Stomach content analysis<br />
Humpbacked dolphin<br />
Spotted dolphin Bottlenose dolphin
Sea garbage
Aging<br />
Thin section of tooth
DNA analysis<br />
Popul<strong>at</strong>ion structure<br />
Inter-specific<br />
rel<strong>at</strong>ionship<br />
Forensic identific<strong>at</strong>ion
Heavy metal<br />
Organotin<br />
Organochorine<br />
(under analysis)<br />
Heavy metal<br />
(under analysis)
Whale bones<br />
Intra and inter specific<br />
vari<strong>at</strong>ions.<br />
Radio-isotope d<strong>at</strong>ing
Bryde’s whale<br />
Balaenoptera omurai Balaenoptera edeni
Fossil records:<br />
Unidentified ancient beaked whale
Cooper<strong>at</strong>ive d<strong>at</strong>a collecting
Sighting records by villagers
Resources mapping by local community
Conserv<strong>at</strong>ion and management
Protecting the cetacean<br />
Fisheries Act 1990: No<br />
one shall hunt dolphins.<br />
Wildlife Reserv<strong>at</strong>ion and<br />
Protection Act 1992: 10<br />
species of cetaceans<br />
have been listed as<br />
protected animals.<br />
Export and import Act<br />
2004: No animals in<br />
order Cetacea shall be<br />
allowed to export and<br />
import.
Transfer Irrawaddy dolphins from<br />
CITES App. II to I <strong>at</strong> COP 13, 2004<br />
Appendix II Appendix I
Whales and dolphins protected area<br />
Bottom-up approach.<br />
Community particip<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Inform<strong>at</strong>ion collecting<br />
Defining area<br />
Regul<strong>at</strong>ion of fishing gears<br />
and other thre<strong>at</strong>s<br />
Implement<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Enforcement<br />
Responsible GOs assist the<br />
process
D<strong>at</strong>abase and GIS<br />
Stranding<br />
Distribution and<br />
abundance<br />
Managing inform<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Internet<br />
Local community<br />
d<strong>at</strong>abase system
Inform<strong>at</strong>ion distribution<br />
Books<br />
Leaflets<br />
Posters<br />
Digital medias<br />
www.pmbc.go.th
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