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§8 SOME INDIVIDUAL CASES The materials presented thus far can be extended further by including studies of single words and their changing usage in time and geographical spread, as well as a closer look at various trends in using one word instead of another (see esp., below, on pāpa). §8.1 purūvásu - :: purovásu An interesting case is the interchange of u/o in RV + purūvásu- / purovásu-. The materials are: purūvásu- RV, RVKh 3.1.1, 5.4.1; PSOr (puruvasu) 18.11.7; (puruvásu- MS 4.9.12:134.1); SVK 1.235, 1.244, 1.309, 2.161; SVJ 3.15.9; AVŚ 14.2.47, 20.36.4, 20.51.1, 20.56.5, 20.104.1; VSM 33.81; VSK 32.6.12; AB 2.27, AA 4.1.1, 5.2.5; PB 9.10.1; KB 17.1, 24.7; ŚŚS 9.5.3, 11.11.11,...; ĀŚS 5.5.8, 5.6.1, 7.4.4; VaitŚS 39.9, 41.13; KŚS 9.11.16, 25.5.30. purovásu- PSK 18.11.7; JS 1.25.3 < RV 8.49.1 (-ū-), 4.14.6, 1.16.2, 1.20.9, 1.26.8, 2.7.1, 4.20.6; MS 1.3.9; MŚS 2.4.1.33; TS 3.2.10.2, 3.2.5.1; TB 4.20.1; BŚS 7.14.34; HŚS 8.6.26; VkhŚS 15.26.10, 15.32.2; ĀpMP 2.4.1.33. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ū RV ū SVK ū SVJ ū AVŚ ū VSK ū VSM ū RVKh ū PB ū KB ū VaitS ū KŚS u PSOr (o PSK) ū ŚŚS KS 0 ū AB ū AA ū ĀŚS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- o TS o TB o BŚS o/u MS o HŚS o MŚS o ĀpMP o VkhŚS ū SVJ ū/o SVJ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
The forms in -o- are restricted to the Maitr., Taitt., and Jaiminīya schools. Unfortunately, the Kaṭha school does not show any case (as with KaṭhA). The few divergent forms in SVJ must be investigated. Note that AVŚ has forms only in book 20, all of which come from RV, except for one form in book 14 = RV 8.1.12. The only quotation from MS which has -u- is also found in the RV and must have been influenced by this text (MS 4.9.12=RV 8.1.12). 259 It seems, therefore, that this sound change is one of the innovations emanating from the Central area, the Pañcāla land occupied by the Taitt. and the Śāṭyāyanins, the later Jaiminīyas. §8.2 Putting dialect studies to use: A case of religious belief On the basis of the broad dialectal features established earlier, it will be very instructive to look at one or two examples which reflect the religious development of the late Vedic period. One such case, and a very important one in the development of the idea of rebirth and karma, is punarmṛtyu, "the recurrent, the second (and third, etc.) death," which is believed to occur after one's death here on earth. The distribution of this word is as follows (śBM 10 = 100%): __________________________________________________________________ Mantra/ early Saṃh. 0 ABo 0 TB 4 : 4 % early (TB 3.9.22 and TbK) Brāhm. 260 TBk 3 : 12 % TAk 2 259 For the sound change o/u, cf. Ved Var. II § 717, 721; the single -o- in the Kashmir Ms of PS is negligable, as u and ū are constantly interchanged in Kashmiri MSS; the pronunciation is, in all three cases, [o]. 260 The passages are: KB 25.1; KA 13.1; TB 3.10.10.5, 3.11.8.5 2 , 3.11.8.6; TA 2.14.1, 2.19.1; VādhS 3.90; BŚS 2.11:22, 28.4:32; JB 1.6, 13, 23 2 , 25 2 , 46, 245, 246; JUB 3.6.7.7-8 2 ,4.12.2.6 ; ŚBK 3.1.9 differs from the parallel = ŚBM 2.3.3.9, 10.1.4.14, 10.2.6.19, 10.5.1.4, 10.6.1.4- 9/11, 10.6.5.8, 11.4.3.20, 11.5.6.9, 12.3.4.11, 12.9.3.11-12, 14.4.3.6 2 , 14.6.2.10, 14.6.3.2; BAU 1.2.7, 1.5.2 2 , 3.2.10, 3.3.2; GB 1.1.5, 1.3.22; . KaṭhB (Svādhy.:81.7) 95
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
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Furthermore, the comparatively grea
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the geographical data contained in
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The boundaries of various school te
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origin. It can also be noted that a
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The absolute date of the texts rema
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perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
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MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
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the period of the "free floating" m
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ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
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immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
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§ 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
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VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
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In addition to these stray findings
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Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
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have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
Page 43 and 44: (5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
Page 45 and 46: were composed on the basis of an ea
Page 47 and 48: If one compares this with such deta
Page 49 and 50: early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
Page 51 and 52: development of the precative); the
Page 53 and 54: It is interesting to note that the
Page 55 and 56: ___________________________________
Page 57 and 58: JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
Page 59 and 60: This result is interesting insofar
Page 61 and 62: The origin of the cluster ch is kno
Page 63 and 64: The distribution of kś also indica
Page 65 and 66: the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (P
Page 67 and 68: N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
Page 69 and 70: While the preceding examples have i
Page 71 and 72: concludes that the preservation of
Page 73 and 74: 'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
Page 75 and 76: Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
Page 77 and 78: eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
Page 79 and 80: were several occasions 225 where it
Page 81 and 82: grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
Page 83 and 84: 17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
Page 85 and 86: [túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
Page 87 and 88: PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS
Page 89 and 90: must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
Page 93: ___________________________________
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99 and 100: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 101 and 102: various Middle Indian dialects inde
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
Page 115 and 116: * Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
Page 117 and 118: the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
Page 119 and 120: Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
Page 121 and 122: the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
Page 123 and 124: on an old Western SV Br. which used
Page 125 and 126: We therefore witness, as the outcom
Page 127 and 128: territories West of it on one hand,
Page 129 and 130: If we first limit ourselves strictl
Page 131 and 132: Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
Page 133 and 134: attention to the general political
Page 135 and 136: 500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
Page 137 and 138: (MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
Page 139 and 140: Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
Page 141 and 142: | early in the | RV hymns composed
Page 143 and 144: ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU Ā
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The language of the Yajñagāthās
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