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Vedic texts, 245 beginning with the RV; this must have happened already at the time of Pāṇini, as he subsumes this form of Sandhi under his saṃhitā rules. ************ The preceding sections have established, I hope, certain trends: an early Kuru centre of innovation from which certain new trends started (like kś, ḷ-, sandhi -a + voc.); a Taittirīya (Pañcāla) centre from which, on a somewhat later level, other trends took their course (gen. fem. -ai); and, finally, an Eastern centre of innovation (Videha, etc.) from which some of the late Vedic phenomena moved westward and south-westward (narr. perf.). The following paragraphs, while dealing with topics that perhaps look more like matters of style than dialect variations, are meant to underline the broad divisions made above and to refine them to some extent; only a small selection of the facts can be presented in this article. §7 REGIONAL STYLISTIC FEATURES §7.1 The use of the particle khalu It is well known from the study of the style of individual authors 246 that particles are a very useful and effective tool in the the process of determining whether (part of) a text belongs to a particular author, or whether an anonymous text is composed by one or more authors. This proc<strong>edu</strong>re can be used, with profit, in the study of Vedic texts and their affiliation with the various schools (śākhās). It can also be applied in the study of texts said to have been composed by a particular author, like Yājñavalkya. The figures found for the use of the particle, khalu, show that after a single, initial appearance in the late RV, the centre of its diffusion lies in the territory of the Maitrāyaṇīyas. __________________________________________________________________ RV 1 (10.34.14): 100 % 245 Cf. the statitsics of Ved. Var., II p. 423 246 For example, cf. B.Kölver on Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī, or Schetelich on the Arthaśāstra, T.Vetter on Śaṅkara's works, etc. 86
PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS 134 : 1840 % parts: 32-35) MS 69 : 681% ABo 3 : 1295% TB 38 : 2739% TA 18 : 3443% --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- KB 2 : 1061% ŚBK 7: ŚBMo 24 : 3662% KA 3 : 997 % (>svid) ŚBMw 2 : 426% JBc 9: 4409% JUB 2: 1252% ŚBMn 11 : 4211% KaṭhB 1 : 95 % VādhB 247 BŚS (=TBk) ŚBMa 0 : 0% ŚBMu 9 : 2476% ChU 4 : 663% PB 18 :1934% ABn 0! : 0% ṢB 3 (6-8) AA 2 : 455% MU 2 : 203 % __________________________________________________________________ It is notable that the oldest texts, i.e., RV, PS, ŚS, (SV, RVKh) do not know this particle (except for one case in RV 10.34.14). Khalu suddenly makes its appearance with 69 cases in MS, the oldest surviving YV Saṃhitā. The neighbouring, and slightly later, Kaṭha school, however, does not follow suit, except in its later books 32-35 (which belong to the Orimikā < *avarimikā section), i.e. the old, final book III (before the Yājyānuvākas and the 247 N.B.: VPK does not mention khalu in the Sūtra Vol.s, except for a few token examples from ĀpŚS, Yāska, etc. The new ed. of the Brāhm. Vol. mentions only a few cases as well; the older ed. has many more. The figures given here for JB are from the old ed. of VPK and refer to the JB ed. of Caland only (JBc). 87
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
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Furthermore, the comparatively grea
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the geographical data contained in
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The boundaries of various school te
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origin. It can also be noted that a
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The absolute date of the texts rema
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perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
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MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
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the period of the "free floating" m
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ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
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immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
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§ 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
Page 35 and 36: VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
Page 37 and 38: In addition to these stray findings
Page 39 and 40: Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
Page 41 and 42: have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
Page 43 and 44: (5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
Page 45 and 46: were composed on the basis of an ea
Page 47 and 48: If one compares this with such deta
Page 49 and 50: early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
Page 51 and 52: development of the precative); the
Page 53 and 54: It is interesting to note that the
Page 55 and 56: ___________________________________
Page 57 and 58: JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
Page 59 and 60: This result is interesting insofar
Page 61 and 62: The origin of the cluster ch is kno
Page 63 and 64: The distribution of kś also indica
Page 65 and 66: the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (P
Page 67 and 68: N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
Page 69 and 70: While the preceding examples have i
Page 71 and 72: concludes that the preservation of
Page 73 and 74: 'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
Page 75 and 76: Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
Page 77 and 78: eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
Page 79 and 80: were several occasions 225 where it
Page 81 and 82: grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
Page 83 and 84: 17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
Page 85: [túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
Page 89 and 90: must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
Page 93 and 94: ___________________________________
Page 95 and 96: The forms in -o- are restricted to
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99 and 100: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 101 and 102: various Middle Indian dialects inde
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
Page 115 and 116: * Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
Page 117 and 118: the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
Page 119 and 120: Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
Page 121 and 122: the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
Page 123 and 124: on an old Western SV Br. which used
Page 125 and 126: We therefore witness, as the outcom
Page 127 and 128: territories West of it on one hand,
Page 129 and 130: If we first limit ourselves strictl
Page 131 and 132: Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
Page 133 and 134: attention to the general political
Page 135 and 136: 500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
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(MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
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Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
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| early in the | RV hymns composed
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ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU Ā
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The language of the Yajñagāthās
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