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Typical is a comparison of the forms in PB and the parallel SV text, JB, as (to some extent) made by Caland: JB duhe ( 1Sg., 3Sg.) 1.225, 236, 256, 340; ŚBM 1.5.2.20, etc. :: PB dugdhe 4.3.9, 13.9.17, 13.11.18; 20.1.5, 21.2.5-6, 21.3.2, 24.1.6; ṢB 1.2; ŚBK 1.2.1.12 etc.; (TB 1.7.3.7 seems to be an exeption in this school); JB duhre 1.256, 2.3, 2.410, 3.157 :: duhate ŚBK 1.2.4.11, etc.; duhanti PB 18.5.12 (but also ŚBM,AB,AA,TB). 219 Another later intrusion is the wrong form of the personal pronoun, nom. dual, of the first and second person: 220 nom. yuvám, acc. yuvm 221 RV+, but: nom. yuvām PB 21.1.1 (next to āvam!), otherwise apparently not found. Comparable, though more frequent, than nom. yuvām is the case of nom. āvám, acc. āvm, since RV, but: nom. āvām; usually found in AB (4.8, etc.), it is one of the curious modernisms in an otherwise old text; 222 also at ŚBM 4.1.5.16 (āvám ŚBK), 14.1.1.23, BĀUK 3.2.14 (āvám BAUM = ŚB 14.6.2.14); ChU 8.8.1. Similar is the case of the occurrence in PB of Classical asthīni : Vedic asthāni JB. 223 PB also has the later form tanūm (12.2.3) for tanvam. 224 There 219 See Caland, PB transl., p.XX. 220 Pers. pronoun avam etc., see Caland, introd. PB, p. XIX sq. Over en uit het JB p. 17; see Wack. Debr., Ai.Gr. III.2, p.463 §229c, Aufrecht, AB p. 428. 221 See Wack. Debr., Ai.Gr. II, 2 p.463 §229c; cf. Keith, transl. RV Br., p. 74; Caland, tr. PB p. XX; cf. the same confusion in some MSS of KaṭhŚiU, see WZKS 23, p.18, ann. 18. Contrast the correct use of nom. avam, acc. avām in JB, see ed. Cal. §186. 222 Cf. above, opt. in -īta, ann. 15, 22; some gen.fem. in -ai in the older books, AB 1-5; this makes redactional tampering in the final redaction of AB even more likely, see ann. 89. 223 Cf. Caland, PB transl., p. XIX sq., Over en uit JB, p.16. Cf. also: PB dakṣiṇāyām / dakṣiṇasyām: °āyām: JB, ŚBM, °asyām : PB obl. cases of śiras- in PB class. śirasā: JB Ved. śīrṣṇā; PB śirasam, JB śīrṣāṇam; etc. Survivals of Vedic forms, on the other hand, are found even in the early Sūtras: the old loc. sg. in -an which is still found in VādhB, and very frequently in BŚS, see Caland Über... BŚS p. 43; cf. also the use of tya- (syaḥ syā , tyad), Caland, Over... JB, p.17; tya: MS, JB, ŚBK, TS, ŚB 14.4.1.26 (Śāṇḍ.!) --- no tya- (but ayam janaḥ, mayi, etc.) (KS), PB, ŚBM. - - It is surprising that ŚBK shares many of the traits of PB which are later; see Caland, Over en uit het JB: p.15 sqq : abl. -an stems: -ani JB, -an PB, ŚBK; n.pl. ī stems: -īḥ JB, -yaḥ PB,ŚBK; - nom.pl.fem. -ayaḥ JB,TS, -yaḥ PB; acc. tanvam JB 3.82,178, -ūm PB; nom. tanvaḥ JB 3.178; -- obl.forms of śiras: śīrṣṇā, śīrṣāṇam JB,ŚBM, but śīrasā, śirasam PB,ŚBK, etc.; -- asthāni JB, asthīni PB (Class.) - Nom. yuvam JB, ŚBK, Nom. yuvām PB 21.1.1. This points to late final redaction of this text, perhaps only under the Kāṇva dynasty of E. India, in the first mill. B.C.? Cf. that the Maitr., too, seem to have received their name from/because of the patronage of the local Maitraka dynasty of Gujarat. Their older name was Kalāpaka.- PB, likewise, may have received its final redaction in the East, see below, ann.250,290,334. In that case, the similar developmennts in the Kāṇva and Kauth., texts would not surprise. Note that the East is a centre for late Vedic redaction of texts, probably there were two areas: Kosala: Videha: ŚBK ŚBM PB *Bhāll.SV RV Śāk.? or RV Śāk., AB 6-8, AA 78
were several occasions 225 where it was obvious that the Pañcaviṃsa-Br. deviated from the other Vedic texts. First of all, it is an extremely abbreviated text, if compared to JB; such a degree of shortening is not otherwise found; see, for example, the degree of abbreviation and shortened retelling of older myths when found in TS, as compared to the older KS. On the other hand, PB tends to be extremely "archaic" in the use of the tenses. This is probably intentional, as at the same time, such late developments as the forms dugdhe, tanūm, yuvām, śirasā, etc., are found. It seems that the Kauthuma school, which has no really old Brāhmaṇa texts, except for ChU (still late Vedic, though with some colloquial traits), reworked, at a late stage, and some older and unfortunately lost or untraceable Sāmaveda Brāhmaṇa, 226 in close cooperation with the Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭhas, perhaps in Gujarat, as one of the Śrautasūtras of this school, the Lāṭyāyana ŚS, seems to indicate and where the Kap. seem to have moved in the late/pots-Vedic period 227 ; the home of the author of LŚS apparently was in Lāṭī, an area of S. Gujarat. 228 Note, in this context, that LŚS/DŚS must indicate the localities on the Sarasvatī by specifying them in detail, with the help of an inserted clause. 229 The author(s) of these texts apparently lived far away from Kurukṣetra. 230 Again, such forms as mentioned above serve as warning signs. One could, without suspicion, lump a text like PB together with older Brāhmaṇas like TB, etc., as it seems to conform to their shibboleth-- the use of the impf. as narrative tense-- if it were not for the late verbal, pronominal, and nominal forms quoted above. "Eastern RV"? 224 Cf. above §6.5 on svar. 225 See for example, gen.fem -ai,§ 5.1, etc.; see also § 10.2 226 Note that even their Kṣudra Sūtra contains many Br.-like passages. - The final redaction may have taken place in the East, cf. the Videha king Namin Sāpya at PB 25.10.17, and the tradition about a bhāṣika accented PB text, see below ann. 230,317,334. 227 See § 6.4 on the homeland of KpS 228 See Weber and Parpola, Transl. LŚS/DŚS p. 29. Is the split between Kauthumas (LŚS) and Rāṇāyaṇiyas (DŚS) due to the movement of one subschool to Gujarat (together with the Maitr., and perhaps the Kap.), while the other went eastwards to Videha (cf.the Videha king Namin Sāpya in PB 25.10.17)? The Drāhy. (see Parpola.LŚS tr. p, 40), later on are found in S. India (together with the Taitt.) cf. ann. 230,334. Both schools differ in the use of -ym- (Kauth.) viz. -jm- (Drāh.). 229 See K. Hoffmann, Ortsnamenparenthese, Aufs. p.123 sq., cf. Parpola, Transl. p. 30, ann.1. 230 Cf., however, the supposed movement of the Kauthumas to the East, see ann. 223, note the alledged bhāṣika accents of PB (Śabara); cf. Parpola, transl. LŚS, p. 30, cf. ann. 228. 79
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
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Furthermore, the comparatively grea
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the geographical data contained in
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The boundaries of various school te
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origin. It can also be noted that a
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The absolute date of the texts rema
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perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
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MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
Page 27 and 28: the period of the "free floating" m
Page 29 and 30: ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
Page 31 and 32: immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
Page 33 and 34: § 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
Page 35 and 36: VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
Page 37 and 38: In addition to these stray findings
Page 39 and 40: Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
Page 41 and 42: have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
Page 43 and 44: (5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
Page 45 and 46: were composed on the basis of an ea
Page 47 and 48: If one compares this with such deta
Page 49 and 50: early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
Page 51 and 52: development of the precative); the
Page 53 and 54: It is interesting to note that the
Page 55 and 56: ___________________________________
Page 57 and 58: JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
Page 59 and 60: This result is interesting insofar
Page 61 and 62: The origin of the cluster ch is kno
Page 63 and 64: The distribution of kś also indica
Page 65 and 66: the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (P
Page 67 and 68: N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
Page 69 and 70: While the preceding examples have i
Page 71 and 72: concludes that the preservation of
Page 73 and 74: 'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
Page 75 and 76: Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
Page 77: eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
Page 81 and 82: grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
Page 83 and 84: 17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
Page 85 and 86: [túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
Page 87 and 88: PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS
Page 89 and 90: must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
Page 93 and 94: ___________________________________
Page 95 and 96: The forms in -o- are restricted to
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99 and 100: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 101 and 102: various Middle Indian dialects inde
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
Page 115 and 116: * Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
Page 117 and 118: the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
Page 119 and 120: Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
Page 121 and 122: the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
Page 123 and 124: on an old Western SV Br. which used
Page 125 and 126: We therefore witness, as the outcom
Page 127 and 128: territories West of it on one hand,
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If we first limit ourselves strictl
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Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
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attention to the general political
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500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
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(MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
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Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
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| early in the | RV hymns composed
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ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU Ā
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The language of the Yajñagāthās
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147
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