TRACING VEDIC DIALECTS - People.fas.harvard.edu
TRACING VEDIC DIALECTS - People.fas.harvard.edu
TRACING VEDIC DIALECTS - People.fas.harvard.edu
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The remarkable change of -jm- > -ym-, which occurs in a number of Vedic<br />
texts, is little known, and, if so, thought to be limited to the Kapiṣṭhalas, a<br />
sub-school of the Kaṭhas which has come down to us only in a very<br />
fragmentary state. 174<br />
The peculiarity of a change from -jm- to -ym- (ajman > ayman, yunajmi ><br />
yunaymi, etc.) is found only in a sub-school of the Kaṭhas, the Kapiṣṭhala-<br />
Kaṭhas (KpS); the so-called Caraka-Kaṭhas (KS) do not exhibit this trait. 175<br />
The homeland of the Kap. school seems to be close to that of the Kaṭhas (in E.<br />
Panjab); in the 3rd cent., BC., the Kapiṣṭhalas (Kambistoloi) were found,<br />
according to Arrian, Indikë, in Panjab, at the confluence of the Panjab rivers<br />
with the Ravi.<br />
The change -jm- >-ym- must be comparatively old. It has already been<br />
taken over into the first book of the PB, which contains a small<br />
Mantrasaṃhitā of this SV school. 176 Almost all of these Mantras have been<br />
taken over from KpS, which indicates that both schools were in close<br />
proximity during the period that PB was redacted. 177 This relationship was<br />
also known some early grammarians like Candra, who uses the compound<br />
Kaṭha-Kauthumāḥ, 178 just as Pāṇini used Kaṭha and Caraka in one rule. We<br />
therefore have to look for the origin of the trait during a few centuries before<br />
or after C.E. and in an area not too far from W.Panjab/Rajasthan.<br />
However, a few cases of this rather strange development occur in other texts<br />
as well. There are traces in Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā (cf. author, StII 8/9, 175) and<br />
MS 1.3.14 and MŚS 2.4.4.9 (corrected by van Gelder to pṛṇacmi, but var.<br />
have: -pm-, -ṣm-). 179 Furthermore, even the Vulgate of the AV (usually<br />
known as the "Śaunaka") version, i.e., in the form of the text found all over<br />
174<br />
Only parts of its Saṃhitā, virtually identical with KS, and a very short fragment of some<br />
late parts of its Brāhmaṇa, have been found so far. These fragments (see ed. Raghu Vira,<br />
and cf. Schroeder, ed. MS p. XXXVII sqq.) correspond to the Kāṭhaka portion of TB (3.12)<br />
which has been taken over from KathB.<br />
175<br />
See introd., ed. Raghu Vira, p.V; Oertel, on KpS in ŚB München 1934, p.29, Schroeder,<br />
ed. MS I p. XVIII.<br />
176<br />
See Caland, transl. PB XXIV; Parpola, LŚS transl.p.77 sqq., esp. p.88 (PB 1 < RV,AV,<br />
YV, esp. from Kaṭha school). LŚS 2.12.12 also has -ym- in a hapax mantra. - Parpola, LŚS<br />
tr. p. 88 , points out that the Mantra chapter of PB has been added later on, but before the<br />
composition of LŚS. (In the context of a possible redaction of PB in the East see ann. 97,<br />
233, 334 , this would mean an intermediate stage, in the West, unless the chapter came from<br />
the Prācya-Kaṭhas.)<br />
177<br />
Cf. however, ann. 125 on the late Vedic date of the text; it contains some classical forms<br />
like tanūm, dugdhe, etc.; cf. also ann. 250, 125.<br />
178<br />
See Parpola, transl. LŚS/DŚS p.88.<br />
179<br />
For pṛnaymi MS 1.3.14, see StII 8/9 p. 175; cf. Oertel, SB Akad.München 1934<br />
66