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Ṛgveda, nor to its Brāhmaṇa texts (where it is found in AB, AĀ, and also in KB). It also occurs in a number of texts where this usually is not realised at all. First of all, in the Kaṭha school, in KS, KaṭhB, KaṭhĀ. The manuscripts of these texts (especially the Śāradā MSS) apply a special symbol, a small diacritic triangular mark, which is attached to the akṣara for -ḍ-. The editor, L.v.Schroeder, has neglected this and has thereby misrepresented the phonetic status of this school to this very day. 169 The Kapiṣṭhala sub-school of the Kaṭhas has three cases of ḷ-/ḷh- in its single continous MS; see ed. Raghu Vira, introd., repr. p. VII, Oertel, SB München,1934, p.17: samūḷham 2.4, mṛḷayanta 3.8, dūḷabho 5.2 (in Caland's MS, Utrecht Univ. Libr.?). Paippalāda school: both the Kashmiri PS (with a diacritic) and the Oriya PS with a special letter used for intervocalic ḷ- (now found in Maraṭhī, Oriya etc.) exhibit the retroflex ḷ- instead of the usually printed -ḍ-. The Jaiminīya school: JS, JB, JUB, sporadically also JGS, JŚS equally show the retroflex ḷ- instead of -ḍ-. 170 The Kāṇva school: VSK, ŚBK. Here the evidence is not so clear, as the MSS often writes this sound as normal dental -l-; cf. however, Caland on the occurrence of ḷ- even in MSS of BĀU, (ed. ŚBK, p.467). 171 The development from retroflex ḷ- to dental -l- is not unknown, cf. Lüder's treatment of this sound change, Phil. Ind., p. 546 sqq., (and cf. Balkan Gipsy phrāl ḷ- first occurred in the Panjab (KS, AB 1-5) and subsequently spread eastwards into the Central area (only KB!), perhaps also to the Central *Śāṭyāyana Br. of SV which developed into the Southern JB; the new sound also made the usual "Kāṇva jump" to Kosala. Note that the Central Taitt., 169 Also misrepresented by Scheftelowitz, ed. RVKh, p.47; cf. however, WZKS 23, p. 16; and author, Das Kaṭha Āraṇyaka, diss. Erlangen 1972, partial print Erlangen/Kathmandu 1974. 170 See Burnell, Jaim. Arṣ. Br. p. IX; Caland, JS 33, cf. W. Rau, MSS 42, p.187 sqq. 171 See also, Renou, JA 1948, p. 34, Lüders, Phil. Ind. p. 550 sq. 172 See further, O.v. Hinüber, Überblick, p. §198 sqq. 64
the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (PB) are not affected, nor are the Eastern texts like VSM, ŚBM, and the (Central/E.) AV (Śaun.) reached. 173 The distribution thus is as follows: __________________________________________________________________ Kaṭha Paippalādin Kap.? Aitareyin Kauṣītaki Kāṇva Eastern Ait. Śākala RV? Śākala RV Jaiminīya __________________________________________________________________ The development of ḷ- is therefore a typical regional feature which spread outwards only to a limited extent. The interesting factor here is that even the late (Eastern) AB and AA have taken over this Western trait. It is also found in Śākalya's RV text which otherwise exhibits a typical Central/ Eastern feature (like the fem.gen. -ai, see above §5.1). ****** We may safely attribute the origin of this peculiarity to the post-Ṛgvedic period, and its original area to the territory of the Kuru tribe. From there it spread to some outlying schools, the later attested Eastern ones of which had emigrated from the Kuru heartland (Kāṇva, Aitareyin, Śākala, perhaps some Kauthuma). §6.4 -jm- > -ym 173 It is remarkable that the Taittirīyas have not taken over the Kaṭha -ḷ- in their loans from the Kaṭha school, TB 3.10-12 and TA 1-2. On the other hand, they have not introduced their typical form suvar in these texts. Is this perhaps evidence enough to assume that the diffusion of -ḷ- is later than the introduction of the Kāṭhaka-Cayanas into the Tait. School? Note that even an old text like the BŚS has these special cayanas (BŚS 19, TB 3.10-12, TA 1). On the other hand, TA is so late that it has a number of traits otherwise known only from the Purāṇas, cf. the name of the Veda compiler Vaiśampāyana, a Vātsyāyana, etc.see MSS 30, p. 180 ann.13. Does this mean that these Cayanas are very late? Or is it simply that their formulation is late? In that case, their introduction into BŚS, ĀpŚS, etc., must also be very late, an interpolation in fact. This is unlikely. Have they been introduced into BŚS later than into TB/TA? But what about the style of BŚS in these cayanas? BŚS copies TA I more or less word for word; the text seems to be as old as BŚS in its redacted form. 65
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
Page 13 and 14: Furthermore, the comparatively grea
Page 15 and 16: the geographical data contained in
Page 17 and 18: The boundaries of various school te
Page 19 and 20: origin. It can also be noted that a
Page 21 and 22: The absolute date of the texts rema
Page 23 and 24: perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
Page 25 and 26: MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
Page 27 and 28: the period of the "free floating" m
Page 29 and 30: ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
Page 31 and 32: immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
Page 33 and 34: § 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
Page 35 and 36: VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
Page 37 and 38: In addition to these stray findings
Page 39 and 40: Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
Page 41 and 42: have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
Page 43 and 44: (5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
Page 45 and 46: were composed on the basis of an ea
Page 47 and 48: If one compares this with such deta
Page 49 and 50: early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
Page 51 and 52: development of the precative); the
Page 53 and 54: It is interesting to note that the
Page 55 and 56: ___________________________________
Page 57 and 58: JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
Page 59 and 60: This result is interesting insofar
Page 61 and 62: The origin of the cluster ch is kno
Page 63: The distribution of kś also indica
Page 67 and 68: N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
Page 69 and 70: While the preceding examples have i
Page 71 and 72: concludes that the preservation of
Page 73 and 74: 'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
Page 75 and 76: Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
Page 77 and 78: eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
Page 79 and 80: were several occasions 225 where it
Page 81 and 82: grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
Page 83 and 84: 17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
Page 85 and 86: [túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
Page 87 and 88: PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS
Page 89 and 90: must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
Page 93 and 94: ___________________________________
Page 95 and 96: The forms in -o- are restricted to
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99 and 100: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 101 and 102: various Middle Indian dialects inde
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
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* Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
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the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
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Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
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the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
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on an old Western SV Br. which used
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We therefore witness, as the outcom
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territories West of it on one hand,
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If we first limit ourselves strictl
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Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
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attention to the general political
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500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
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(MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
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Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
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| early in the | RV hymns composed
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ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU Ā
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The language of the Yajñagāthās
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