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- 500 B.C. Salvas (& Trigartas) PAÑCALA 2nd centre 900- Black & Red Temporary decay Ware of Kaṭha and Maitr. schools TS prose, TB (no Maitr.Br., *Śāṭy.Br. (and Grey Ware) fragm. KaṭhB) (iron) emigration to Gujarat and prominence of the immigration of towards the dynasty of Keśin Dārbhya Western orthoprax East (Kosala/ (Kaus. 750 B.C.) groups, from the Videha) PGW Sarasvatī (=Kuru) area: Videgha Kosala = border Māthava, with of W. dial. traits: Gotama prācyavad bhāṣ = Rahūgaṇā; -- not accepted immigration of some W. and C. schools: Kāṇvas, Śāṇḍilya, Aitareyin New Kaṭha and Maitr. & Śākala, Prācya- texts composed in Kaṭha, probably new homelands (only?) Kauthuma (PB) movement towards the South: Yama and Naḍa Naiṣadha (ŚB) - 500 B.C. (Kosala-) -VIDEHA 3rd centre KaṭhB KB JB BŚS ŚBKo ŚBMo ŚBMw KaṭhB JB BŚS ŚBMw ŚBKo ŚBMo JUB VādhB ŚBMn,a KaṭhŚiU ChU TU BAUK ŚBMu (BAUM) 142
ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU ĀśvŚS 16 kingdoms are known (VādhB,Pāli) prominent are: Kosala, Kāśī, Videha, Aṅga, Magadha?, and: the older kingdoms of Kuru-Pañcāla, Matsya; also: Vaidarbha, Trigarta, Salva, Madra, Gandhāri, Āraṭṭa, Parśu, Sindhu-Sauvīra; non-IA S.E. tribes like Puṇḍra, Kaliṅga, Andhra. Pāṇini knows of: Yājñavalkya as prominent King of Kambojas: E.Iranians? Persians?- rel.figure in ŚB; (Mahā-) KS, Car., Tittiri Mantras, Sūtra, Upaniṣad, Janaka as Videha king pariṣad; sūtra-kāra, pada-kāra; Śākalya; attracts W. brahmins: bhikṣu; kumāra-śramaṇā (fem.!) 2.1.70; Uddālaka Āruṇi & Śākalya Maskarin (= Makkhali Gosāla?); nāstika; in the East, in ŚB 11 and nirvāṇa 8.2.50; Vṛji, a Panjab tribe; BAU; E.Iranian word lipi/libi, grantha Aśvala=hotṛ of Janaka,cf. Pāli Assalāyana and AA 5; Pāṇ.'s accents = old accentuation: Vājasan. bhāṣika accent. (3 tones: (an)udātta,svarita) (2 tones: high/low) Mahāvrṣa & Kuru speak uttarāh(a)i chandas lang. not to be (with higher pitch, 3 tones) used in Buddh.texts, refers to old W. pitch accent with 3 tones? 355 355 For Mahājanaka, see Franke Kl.Schr., 379. -- For accents see O.v.H. Überblick,p.90 §159; cf. Bronkhorst, Two traditions, Stuttgart 1986, p.111. - Note that his examples are from ŚB/BAU! But there are even later texts with accents: Some late RVKh portions (Śrī Sūkta, even found in Nepalese Buddhist texts!), the Vaiṣṇava stanzas of Vaikh Mtr.Pr., the last, very late sentences of ŚB itself about Yājñavalkya; (accent was, on a scholarly basis, used even much later: some acc. Pāṇinean MSS., a Śikṣā was used to accent an AV MS even some 300 years ago, see introd.to the AV ed. by Śaṅkar Pāṇḍuraṅ Pt.). Therefore, BAU, when taken isolatedly and compared to the Buddh. rules about chandas language, in order to establish a contemporanity of its period with Buddh. texts, has no value: the Buddh. rule could equally mean late Vedic texts, like Vaikh.Mtr.Pr.-- Note also P.Thieme's observation that Kātyāyana uses the word ādy-udātta- to express a pitch and does not simply use the pitch itself, as Pāṇini did: That would mean that in ca. 300 B.C. there was no living pitch accent in the East, - or at least one different (i.e. bhāṣika) from the Western type with 3 tones. 143
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
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Furthermore, the comparatively grea
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the geographical data contained in
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The boundaries of various school te
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origin. It can also be noted that a
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The absolute date of the texts rema
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perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
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MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
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the period of the "free floating" m
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ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
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immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
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§ 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
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VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
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In addition to these stray findings
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Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
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have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
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(5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
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were composed on the basis of an ea
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If one compares this with such deta
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early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
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development of the precative); the
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It is interesting to note that the
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___________________________________
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JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
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This result is interesting insofar
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The origin of the cluster ch is kno
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The distribution of kś also indica
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the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (P
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N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
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While the preceding examples have i
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concludes that the preservation of
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'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
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Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
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eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
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were several occasions 225 where it
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grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
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17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
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[túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
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PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS
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must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
Page 93 and 94: ___________________________________
Page 95 and 96: The forms in -o- are restricted to
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99 and 100: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 101 and 102: various Middle Indian dialects inde
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
Page 115 and 116: * Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
Page 117 and 118: the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
Page 119 and 120: Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
Page 121 and 122: the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
Page 123 and 124: on an old Western SV Br. which used
Page 125 and 126: We therefore witness, as the outcom
Page 127 and 128: territories West of it on one hand,
Page 129 and 130: If we first limit ourselves strictl
Page 131 and 132: Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
Page 133 and 134: attention to the general political
Page 135 and 136: 500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
Page 137 and 138: (MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
Page 139 and 140: Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
Page 141: | early in the | RV hymns composed
Page 145 and 146: The language of the Yajñagāthās
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