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It goes without saying that even the following tentative dating, based on the present knowledge in archeology, has some major consequences for the interpretation of the Post-Ṛgvedic texts: the various texts receive, for the first time, a position both in time and space. Future research will show whether each of the following statements is correct or will have to be adjusted. However, I have no doubt that the general scheme of text layers and geographical attributions is correct. The preceding chapters have shown, time and again, that the spatial and temporal relationships of the Vedic texts agree with the various sorts of evidence brought into play. In the following table, this is merely extended to include firm dates which are based both on the evidence of the material culture mentioned in the texts and on the geographical distribution of the texts and schools. In the table, some more details regarding the various Vedic texts and schools, their formation and relative position, and the relevant layers of some texts as well as some important historical and cultural data have been added. ______________________________________________________________ | Panjab | W E S T | C E N T R E | E A S T | | & | | | South | ______________________________________________________________ Late Harappan/ | | 1750- OCP: Ocre coloured pot. | | | | and various smaller | | (Neolithic) cultures (Grey Ware, |1250 Kausambi: | Gandhāra grave culture, | OCP | etc.) | | metals: copper, no iron | | no rice | | Ṛgveda | | composition | | & first fam. collections | | | | immigration to the Panjab, | | of OIA speakers, | | in several waves, | | the latest = Bharata | NB. rice is | 140
| early in the | RV hymns composed | Malwa culture | | | gold, silver, ayas (copper) | Kīkaṭa, S. of mentioned, no iron; no rice | Kurukṣetra = | later Niṣāda? ______________________________________________________________ 1180 BRW: Black & Red ware KURU ( with iron!) establishment of | 1st centre Kuru realm in | | chalcolithic E.Panjab/W. Uttar Pradesh | (rice) (Kurukṣetra as centre) | Pārikṣita dynasty | | collection of RV 1-10, | PS, SV, RVKh (kuntāpa hymns!), and | Kāśī = outsiders Mantras of Car.S, MS, KS composed and | (PS) collected; composition of early (lost) Br.type explanation of the Śrauta ritual Iron first mentioned in AV: śyāma- ayas- rice first mentioned (AV, Mantras) ______________________________________________________________ 1000/900- PGW: Painted Gray Ware No PGW! YV prose composed and collected in MS,KS ABo General movement towards the East (KS) and South (MS) impermanence of settlements: grāma = trek; wattle huts; Immigration into and conquest of Kurukṣetra by the 141
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
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Furthermore, the comparatively grea
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the geographical data contained in
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The boundaries of various school te
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origin. It can also be noted that a
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The absolute date of the texts rema
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perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
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MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
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the period of the "free floating" m
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ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
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immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
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§ 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
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VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
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In addition to these stray findings
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Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
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have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
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(5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
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were composed on the basis of an ea
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If one compares this with such deta
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early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
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development of the precative); the
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It is interesting to note that the
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___________________________________
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JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
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This result is interesting insofar
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The origin of the cluster ch is kno
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The distribution of kś also indica
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the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (P
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N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
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While the preceding examples have i
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concludes that the preservation of
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'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
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Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
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eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
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were several occasions 225 where it
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grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
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17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
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[túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
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PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS
Page 89 and 90: must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
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Page 95 and 96: The forms in -o- are restricted to
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99 and 100: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 101 and 102: various Middle Indian dialects inde
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
Page 115 and 116: * Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
Page 117 and 118: the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
Page 119 and 120: Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
Page 121 and 122: the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
Page 123 and 124: on an old Western SV Br. which used
Page 125 and 126: We therefore witness, as the outcom
Page 127 and 128: territories West of it on one hand,
Page 129 and 130: If we first limit ourselves strictl
Page 131 and 132: Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
Page 133 and 134: attention to the general political
Page 135 and 136: 500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
Page 137 and 138: (MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
Page 139: Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
Page 143 and 144: ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU Ā
Page 145 and 146: The language of the Yajñagāthās
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