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area (purovasu-) and the Eastern area (if ŚB is, as it seems, a late text: punarmṛtyu and pāpa). Just like developments in grammar, such matters of style spread in various directions from the original centre of innovation. §9. THE RELATION OF THE <strong>VEDIC</strong> <strong>DIALECTS</strong> WITH THE EARLY PRĀKṚTS 269 In this section, the peculiarities of the (Post-Ṛgvedic) language will be compared with those features which link or distinguish it from the Middle Indian dialects. Given what has been established above in §§ 1-8, it will be clear that a number of developments can be traced in the history of Vedic which are based on forms of actually spoken Vedic language, and which are not the result of simple matters of style, as, for example, the fem. gen. in -ai (as opposed to cases like the use of spṛdh or sam.yat in traditional tales of the gods). If this is so, it should not be surprising if some of these Middle and Late Vedic developments could be found in the various Prākṛts, especially in the older forms of these Prākṛts, and preferably in those MIA dialects which occupy the same area as the Vedic dialects in question. Vedic forms that are comparable to Pāli and other MIA forms have recently been treated by C.Caillat and O.v. Hinüber. 270 In the sequel, I will rely mainly on forms from the recent, up-to-date treatment of the early Middle Indian by O.v. Hinüber, Das altere Mittelindisch im Überblick (SB d.Oester. Akad. d. Wiss., phil.-hist. Kl., Bd. 467, Wien 1986, abbreviated O.v.Hinüber, Überblick, in the sequel). This has the additional advantage that many of the forms listed by Geiger and Pischel and used by later scholars for comparisons with Ṛgvedic Skt. have been reviewed, and the forms, wrongly attributed by earlier grammars to the various Pkt.s, are eliminated from this paper. As has long been noticed, the 269 For a summary of facts see O.v. Hinüber, Überblick, §7-12 270 See Die Sprache der ältesten buddhistischen Überlieferung, hg.H.Bechert, Göttingen, 1980, p. 50; Fs. I.B.Horner, Dordrecht 1974, p.49, ann.49; O.v. Hinüber, Überblick, passim; and his rev. of Bechert, Die Sprache...IF 88, 1983, p.307 sqq. 100
various Middle Indian dialects indeed exhibit a fair number of continuants of Vedic forms. 271 §9.1. "Ṛgvedic" ḷ- To begin with, the Vedic attestation of intervocalic ḷ- 272 can be compared to the early Middle Indian attestation of ḷ-: 273 ______________________________________________________________ W E S T CENTRE/SOUTH E A S T Kaṭha Paippalādin (Kapiṣṭhala) Aitareyin Kauṣītaki Kāṇva Eastern Ait. Śākala RV? Śākala RV Jaiminīya ĀŚS __________________________________________________________________ Pāli: -ḍ- > ḷ- (MSS interchange with -l-) Inscr. W: Mathura, Sanci, S:Karle, Nasik E: Jaugada (SE: Amarāvatī,Bhattiprolu) Old Śaurasenī ḷ- Old AMg. -ḷ- 274 Pkt.Gr. : ḍ > l [ḷ] (N.Ind.MSS have -l-) __________________________________________________________________ Cf. the development in the Numerals 11-19: Aśoka: 275 ------------ W: dbādasa,treḍaśa, terasa ------- E: duvāḍasa , traidasa N: badaya codasa 271 See, e.g., Emenau's article, The dialects of Old Indo-Aryan, see above §1.; the question is now summed up by O.v. Hinüber, Überblick, § 9. 272 Cf. also Lüders, Phil.Ind., 546 sqq., Pischel, Pkt. Gramm. §226, 240; Wack., Ai. Gr. §222. The Northern MSS usually have -l- , as do the N. Kāṇva MSS; see Caland, ed. ŚBK, p. 12-23 passim. In the South, it is often inversely -ḷ- instead of -l-, thus the "Bhāsa" MSS; cf. W. Rau, MSS 42, p.187 sqq. In the Orissa PS, a clear distinction is made between ḷ < ḍ and old l; Pāli has -ḷ-, later, secondarily, -l- (O.v. Hinüber, Überblick: §198); Gāndh. -'ḍ- < @ -¬-. In Mārāṭhī, ḷ has been written since the 14th cent. (Master, Old Mar. §55); -l- modern pronunciation often is -ṛ(h); cf. Turner, Coll. papers, pp. 239-250. 273 See O.v. Hinüber, Überblick, §198 sqq., and on numerals, §401-402. 274 For the fragments of Buddhist dramas, see Lüders, Phil. Ind., p. 547. 275 For the forms, see O.v. Hinüber, Überblick, §400-402. 101
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Version July 27,1987 (published Par
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10.6. Conclusion and prospects 3
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* the better speech of the Northern
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* 1st: there are regional differenc
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chapter, per text or text level, th
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occurrence of the opt. in -īta (AB
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Furthermore, the comparatively grea
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the geographical data contained in
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The boundaries of various school te
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origin. It can also be noted that a
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The absolute date of the texts rema
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perhaps Māṇḍ.) AB KB PB JB Ait
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MGS VārGS KGS/LGS BGS *VādhGS BhG
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the period of the "free floating" m
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ones in other case forms: sāyāt,
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immediate surrounding dialects, cf.
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§ 5 ESTABLISHING A PATTERN §5.0.
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VSM 96.120 VSM= 24.19 % VSK 94.231
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In addition to these stray findings
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Therefore, the occurrence of -ai fo
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have changed this dialect. 99 We kn
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(5 ch. mixed) BŚS (Br.ch.in storie
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were composed on the basis of an ea
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If one compares this with such deta
Page 49 and 50: early ABo 3 % TB 2 % Brāhm. (lv.4)
Page 51 and 52: development of the precative); the
Page 53 and 54: It is interesting to note that the
Page 55 and 56: ___________________________________
Page 57 and 58: JUB 2 PB 7 (ABn 9) ________________
Page 59 and 60: This result is interesting insofar
Page 61 and 62: The origin of the cluster ch is kno
Page 63 and 64: The distribution of kś also indica
Page 65 and 66: the SW Maitr., and the Kauth. SV (P
Page 67 and 68: N. India., and also its Sūtra, the
Page 69 and 70: While the preceding examples have i
Page 71 and 72: concludes that the preservation of
Page 73 and 74: 'tics', and mannerisms, introduced
Page 75 and 76: Southern Jaiminīya (originally a C
Page 77 and 78: eva Taitt., nu vāva ŚBK, (but nv
Page 79 and 80: were several occasions 225 where it
Page 81 and 82: grammar, and in classical Sanskrit,
Page 83 and 84: 17: Pāṇ.(?): after: bho,bhago,ad
Page 85 and 86: [túbhya hinvāná- u -avasiṣṭa
Page 87 and 88: PS 0? ŚS 0! KS 11 : 1293% (late TS
Page 89 and 90: must be made here. The Eastern Cent
Page 91 and 92: Even in subsections of a text, like
Page 93 and 94: ___________________________________
Page 95 and 96: The forms in -o- are restricted to
Page 97 and 98: collection; the Upaniṣad-like sec
Page 99: MU 0 BŚS 18: 2? TA 1 3 TA 10 10 TU
Page 103 and 104: The Ṛgvedic nom. pl. -āsaḥ 277
Page 105 and 106: Madhyadeśa (Taitt.) innovations (o
Page 107 and 108: events which the speaker or listene
Page 109 and 110: The strong occurrences in ŚB and J
Page 111 and 112: AB 4? KN 1 ? ŚBMw 1 ( 2) 306 JBc 4
Page 113 and 114: 58 (Epileg.CPD I, s.v.tmesis). Nume
Page 115 and 116: * Sandhi -e/o a- > -a a Prācya (Ś
Page 117 and 118: the early Brāḥmaṇa text, AB 1-
Page 119 and 120: Vedic held sway over the Pañcālas
Page 121 and 122: the bhāṣika accent) is lost. Nor
Page 123 and 124: on an old Western SV Br. which used
Page 125 and 126: We therefore witness, as the outcom
Page 127 and 128: territories West of it on one hand,
Page 129 and 130: If we first limit ourselves strictl
Page 131 and 132: Post-Saṃhitā developments: loss
Page 133 and 134: attention to the general political
Page 135 and 136: 500- NBP NBP NBP NBP ______________
Page 137 and 138: (MS,KS,TS) it immediately appears t
Page 139 and 140: Late Harappan | and | RV various sm
Page 141 and 142: | early in the | RV hymns composed
Page 143 and 144: ABn PB KA (PB?) AA, AitU AA 5 MU Ā
Page 145 and 146: The language of the Yajñagāthās
Page 147: 147
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