2007, Piran, Slovenia
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2007, Piran, Slovenia

2007, Piran, Slovenia 2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana 2007 The limitations of our study are the small number of subjects, uncontrolled energy intake, and relatively short follow-up time for the assessment of psychophysiological well-being. 582 Highest energy consumption kcal/h 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 Salivary NPY change ng/ml Figure 1. The correlation between the salivary neuropeptide Y (NPY) change and highest mean hourly energy consumption (kcal/h) among healthy military conscripts during follow up in cold environment (N= 11). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors appreciate the financial support of MATINE, Scientific Committee for National Defence (Finland), and the assistance of Sports School of Finnish Defence Forces, and the Karelia Brigade. REFERENCES Konturek P, Konturek J, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Brzozowski T, Sito E. Konturek P. Neurohormonal control of food-intake: basic mechanisms and clinical implications. J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 56 Suppl 6: 5─25. Morgan C, Rasmusson A, Wang S, Hoyt G, Hauger R, Hazlett G. Neuropeptide Y, cortisol, and subjective distress in humans exposed to acute stress: replication and extension of previous report. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52: 136─142. Saalasti S. Neural networks for heart rate time series analysis. Academic Dissertation. University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä Studies in Computing 33, 2003. Vats P, Singh S, Singh V, Shyam R, Upadhyay T, Singh S, Banerjee P. Appetite regulatory peptides in Indian Antarctic expeditioners. Nutr Neurosci 2005; 8: 233─238.

Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT STRESS AND STRAIN AT WORK IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS: RECENT FINDINGS ON JAPANESE WORKERS Shin-ichi Sawada 1 , Tatsuo Oka 1 , Hideki Fukuda 1 , Satoru Ueno 1 , Seichi Horie 2 , Ronaldo Kenzou Fujii 2 1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan 2 University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan Contact person: sawada@h.jniosh.go.jp INTRODUCTION In Japan, industrial accidents due to occupational heat disorders have recently occurred in many outdoor workplaces such as civil engineering and construction work during the summer seasons. According to official data from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, between the years 2001-03, ~500 workers were absent from work for more than 4 days, with more than 60 documented deaths due to heat disorders. Thus, the prevention of occupational heat disorders has become an urgent occupational health issue in Japanese society. So far, several permissible levels for heat stress exposure have been proposed domestically (Japan Society for Occupational Health, 2006) and internationally (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, 2006) and International Standard Organization (ISO7243, 2003)) to help prevent heat disorders at work. All of these heat exposure limits are based on WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) measurements, mainly because WBGT is a simple, practical and relatively reliable index for comprehensively assessing heat stress resulting from air temperature, humidity, air movement and heat radiation measurements in hot environments. Nevertheless, the application of WBGT is not popular in many hot workplaces in Japan. As a result, little information is available on how much Japanese hot workers are exposed to heat stress in relation to WBGT. This study reports the current situation of heat exposure and the resultant heat strain among workers of outdoor and indoor workplaces in summer. Based on the findings, the future issue to prevent occupational heat stress will be discussed. METHODS Several field surveys were carried out in Japan between August and September, 2005, during which time five different hot workplaces outdoors and indoors were investigated. The outdoor workplaces consisted of a high-rise apartment construction site, a school building construction site, and telephone wire connection work (linesmen); whereas the indoor workplaces a small metal processing factory and a large steel foundry. A total of 60 presumably heat-acclimatized workers (aged 21-67 y) from the above workplaces participated. For assessing environmental heat stress during work, dry-bulb, wet-bulb and globe temperatures, relative humidity and air velocity were measured every one minute and WBGT index was calculated. WBGT less than 28°C were adopted as a permissible level of heat stress according to the ISO reference values because the metabolic rate of the workers was estimated moderate and the workers themselves were presumed to be heat-acclimated (ISO7243, 2003). Oral temperature immediately after each work shift, heart rate during work and body weight loss between prework and post-work were measured as indices of physiological strains, together with thermal discomfort and hot sensation as indices of subjective heat strain. Symptoms of heat disorders (dizziness, nausea, headache, tinnitus, fatigue, sluggishness, lameness, myalgia, comvulsion, sensory abnormality of limb etc.) were also checked after work. For assessing the physiological heat strain, oral temperature below 38.5°C, heart rate below (180-age) bpm and 583

Environmental Ergonomics XII<br />

Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong><br />

The limitations of our study are the small number of subjects, uncontrolled energy intake, and<br />

relatively short follow-up time for the assessment of psychophysiological well-being.<br />

582<br />

Highest energy consumption<br />

kcal/h<br />

550<br />

500<br />

450<br />

400<br />

350<br />

300<br />

250<br />

200<br />

150<br />

100<br />

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2<br />

Salivary NPY change ng/ml<br />

Figure 1. The correlation between the salivary neuropeptide Y (NPY) change and highest<br />

mean hourly energy consumption (kcal/h) among healthy military conscripts during follow up<br />

in cold environment (N= 11).<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />

The authors appreciate the financial support of MATINE, Scientific Committee for National<br />

Defence (Finland), and the assistance of Sports School of Finnish Defence Forces, and the<br />

Karelia Brigade.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Konturek P, Konturek J, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Brzozowski T, Sito E. Konturek P. Neurohormonal<br />

control of food-intake: basic mechanisms and clinical implications. J Physiol<br />

Pharmacol 2005; 56 Suppl 6: 5─25.<br />

Morgan C, Rasmusson A, Wang S, Hoyt G, Hauger R, Hazlett G. Neuropeptide Y, cortisol,<br />

and subjective distress in humans exposed to acute stress: replication and extension of<br />

previous report. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52: 136─142.<br />

Saalasti S. Neural networks for heart rate time series analysis. Academic Dissertation.<br />

University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä Studies in Computing 33, 2003.<br />

Vats P, Singh S, Singh V, Shyam R, Upadhyay T, Singh S, Banerjee P. Appetite regulatory<br />

peptides in Indian Antarctic expeditioners. Nutr Neurosci 2005; 8: 233─238.

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