2007, Piran, Slovenia
2007, Piran, Slovenia 2007, Piran, Slovenia
Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana 2007 VALIDATION OF THE FIALA MODEL OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND COMFORT FOR COST 730 Agnieszka Psikuta 1,2 , Dusan Fiala 2,3 and Mark Richards 1 1 Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing & Research, St. Gallen, Switzerland 2 The Institute of Energy & Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, Great Britain 3 FBTA, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Contact person: agnieszka.psikuta@empa.ch An essential part of COST 730 project entitled ‘Towards a Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI for Assessing the Thermal Environment of the Human Being’ is the validation of the Fiala model of human thermal physiology for the development and use of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The predictions of the Fiala model were compared with chosen datasets from the human physiological investigations in order to evaluate the performance of the Fiala model and alternatively to improve it. This study focused predominantly on testing the Fiala model against a wide range of conditions in terms of: environmental conditions - from cold and windy to very hot climates, activity level - hiking with a heavy load, heavy exercising up to ~100%VO2max, clothing - from a bare face exposed to a cold wind to an impermeable chemical protection suit worn while exercising. The model proved its ability of adequate prediction for the variety of extreme and mild conditions represented in 44 simulations carried out involving 286 human subjects during 17 steady state and 34 transient exposures. The average accuracy of prediction of the core temperature in form of a root-mean-squared deviation approximated 0.3°C ± 0.2°C and for mean skin temperature 1.2°C ± 0.7°C. 516
Universal Thermal Climate Index COMPARISON OF FIALA MODEL PREDICTIONS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR EXTREME COLD CONDITIONS. Wojciech Szarek 1,2 , KalevKuklane 1 , Ingvar Holmér 1 1 EAT , Dept. Of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 2 Dept. of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Contact person: szarek@mail.geogr.muni.cz INTRODUCTION The commonly used evaluation models of human exposure to thermal environment deal with specific temperature ranges, e.g. IREQ (Holmér, 1984), PHS (Malchaire et al., 2000), PMV (Fanger, 1970). For the purpose of developing a universal thermal climate index (UTCI) a general human heat balance model should be used. This paper presents the validation of the Fiala model (Fiala et al., 1999) with experimental data from subjects exposed to extreme cold. The Fiala model simulations were modified by changing some clothing parameters. The bases for the comparison were the data from the Subzero project (Meinander et al., 2003). METHODS The background to the Subzero subjects’ tests and the results were described in more detail by Holmér et al. (2003) and Kuklane et al. (2003). This paper validates the Fiala model by comparing the observed responses of mean skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Trec), and skin evaporation (me) with those predicted by the model. In one test condition the air temperature was set to -40 ºC and the wind speed to 3 m/s (D3), and in the second to –23 ºC and 10 m/s respectively (D10). The task consisted of 90 minutes walking on a treadmill with a speed of 5 km/h on 0,5° inclination. Metabolic rate and heat balance components were calculated based on oxygen consumption, measured temperatures, weight loss and sweat accumulation in the garment pieces. As the next step the experimental data were compared with Fiala model simulations. The basic input data passed adjustments. The metabolic rates of 299 W/m² for D3 and 383 W/m² for D10 (corrected for walk on inclination) were further reduced for work against wind by 10 W per each 1 m/s. The simulations were as follows: 1) Un - uniform thermal insulation without wind correction (equation 2 of Annex C of EN 342, 2004); 2) Uw - uniform thermal insulation with wind correction; 3) Dn - different thermal insulation distribution over body without wind correction; 4) Dw - different thermal insulation distribution over body with wind correction. The uniform clothing insulation utilizes the same total clothing insulation value (Itot,D=0,629 m 2 °C/W) measured on a thermal manikin for all UTCI body zones. Differently distributed clothing insulation utilizes the specific insulation values of a body zone measured on the manikin corresponding to an UTCI zone. The simulation values were acquired each 5 minutes and compared to corresponding subjects’ data. RESULTS Rectal temperature: The rectal temperature of the subjects increased in both conditions within the first 40-50 minutes and then remained relatively stable. Because of the higher metabolic rate in wind 10 m/s condition (D10) the increase in body core temperature was greater than in the 3 m/s wind (D3) trial. Comparison of the observed (subject data) and predicted values are presented in Figures 1 and 2. It can be observed that all the simulation curves for rectal temperature were very close, i.e. independent of clothing insulation, but differed from the observed data, particularly in the latter part of trial D10. 517
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Environmental Ergonomics XII<br />
Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong><br />
VALIDATION OF THE FIALA MODEL OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY<br />
AND COMFORT FOR COST 730<br />
Agnieszka Psikuta 1,2 , Dusan Fiala 2,3 and Mark Richards 1<br />
1 Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials<br />
Testing & Research, St. Gallen, Switzerland<br />
2 The Institute of Energy & Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester,<br />
Great Britain<br />
3 FBTA, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany<br />
Contact person: agnieszka.psikuta@empa.ch<br />
An essential part of COST 730 project entitled ‘Towards a Universal Thermal Climate Index<br />
UTCI for Assessing the Thermal Environment of the Human Being’ is the validation of the<br />
Fiala model of human thermal physiology for the development and use of the Universal<br />
Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The predictions of the Fiala model were compared with<br />
chosen datasets from the human physiological investigations in order to evaluate the<br />
performance of the Fiala model and alternatively to improve it.<br />
This study focused predominantly on testing the Fiala model against a wide range of<br />
conditions in terms of:<br />
environmental conditions - from cold and windy to very hot climates,<br />
activity level - hiking with a heavy load, heavy exercising up to ~100%VO2max,<br />
clothing - from a bare face exposed to a cold wind to an impermeable chemical protection suit<br />
worn while exercising.<br />
The model proved its ability of adequate prediction for the variety of extreme and mild<br />
conditions represented in 44 simulations carried out involving 286 human subjects during 17<br />
steady state and 34 transient exposures. The average accuracy of prediction of the core<br />
temperature in form of a root-mean-squared deviation approximated 0.3°C ± 0.2°C and for<br />
mean skin temperature 1.2°C ± 0.7°C.<br />
516
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