2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> remains unclear if qualitatively similar results can be expected in other conditions, with different radiant angles or with hair, and how these relate to comfort and possibly heat strain. Figure 2: Net heat transfer (Qn), for all headgear configurations and radiant arrangements. The right hand y-axis indicates relative difference to Qn–scalp of NUDERad. The error-bars indicate one standard deviation. (a) (b) Figure 3: Radiant heat gain (a), and reduction in forced convective heat loss relative to NUDE (b). The right hand y-axis indicates relative difference with values for the scalp of NUDE. The error-bars indicate one standard deviation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to express their gratitude to TNO Science and Industry for providing the prototype rowing headgear. 456
Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., Heus, R. and Willems, J.W.M., 2005. A sun shading headgear used by a Dutch Olympic sculler: A comparative study. In proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics (edited by I. Holmér, K. Kuklane and C. Gao), pp. 396-399. Ystad, Sweden. Brühwiler, P.A., 2003. Heated, perspiring manikin headform for the measurement of headgear ventilation characteristics. Meas. Sci. Technol. 14, 217-227. Buyan, M., Brühwiler, P.A., Azens, A., Gustavsson, G., Karmhag, R. and Granqvist, C.G., 2006. Facial warming and tinted helmet visors. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 36, 11-16. Ishigaki, T., Fujishiro, H., Tsujita, J., En, Y., Yamato, M., Nakano, S. and Hori, S., 2001. Relationship between helmet temperature and tympanic temperature during American football practice. Jpn. J. Phys. Fit. Sports Med. 50, 333-338. Nunneley, S.A., Troutman, S.J., Jr. and Webb, P., 1971. Head cooling in work and heat stress. Aerosp. Med. 42, 64-68. Williams, B.A. and Shitzer, A., 1974. Modular liquid-cooled helmet liner for thermal comfort. Aerosp. Med. 45, 1030-1036. 457
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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International Conferences on Enviro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
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Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
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Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
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Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
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Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
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Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
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Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
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Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
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Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
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Invited presentation Gravitational
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Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
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Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
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Gravitational Physiology maximum is
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
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Gravitational Physiology Since exer
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Gravitational Physiology During the
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Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
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as observed at rest after LBNP was
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
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Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
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Gravitational Physiology Contractil
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Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
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Diving Physiology A library of imag
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Diving Physiology Information recal
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Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
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Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
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Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
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Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
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Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
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Diving Physiology software. Individ
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Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
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Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
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Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
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Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
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Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
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Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
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Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
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Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
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Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
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SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
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Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
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Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
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Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
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Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
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Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
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Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
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Invited presentation Cognitive and
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Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
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Cognitive and psychophysiological f
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CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
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Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
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F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
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Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
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9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
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Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
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Clothing parallel It values ranged
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Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
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Clothing and left side chest, scapu
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Clothing studies using an ice vest
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Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
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Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
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Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
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Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
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Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
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38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
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Clothing German) were measured, and
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Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
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Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
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Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
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Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
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Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
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Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
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Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
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Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
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Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
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Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
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Personal protective equipment Invit
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Personal protective equipment fabri
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
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Personal protective equipment the S
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Personal protective equipment DISCU
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Personal protective equipment Final
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Personal protective equipment REFER
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Personal protective equipment Tc wa
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Personal protective equipment level
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F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
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h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
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Personal protective equipment 0.05
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Personal protective equipment was u
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Personal protective equipment THERM
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Personal protective equipment the s
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Personal protective equipment the c
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Personal protective equipment wette
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Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
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Personal protective equipment HEAT
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Personal protective equipment Profi
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Personal protective equipment REDUC
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39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
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Personal protective equipment EXERC
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Personal protective equipment appro
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Personal protective equipment Table
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Personal protective equipment reduc
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Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
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Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
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Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
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Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
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Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
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Non-thermal factors to some categor
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Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
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Non-thermal factors CHANGES IN BLOO
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Non-thermal factors Table 1. Thresh
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Non-thermal factors THE DIFFERENCE
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Water intake(g) 2000 1800 1600 1400
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Non-thermal factors IMPROVED FLUID
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Non-thermal factors A tendency for
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Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
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Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Reg
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Sweating back/waist area and finall
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Figure 1: A chrome dome following p
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Sweating Such differences could be
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Sweating the forearm and thigh skin
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Sweating dramatically after puberty
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Sweating In addition local sweating
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Sweating REGIONAL FOOT SWEAT RATES
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Sweating REGIONAL SWEAT RATES OF TH
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Sweating Figure 2 shows the skin te
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Sweating SWEATY HANDS: DIFFERENCES
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Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
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Sweating REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TO
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Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
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Sweating MENSTRUAL CYCLE DOES NOT A
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Sweating RESULTS On average, the ma
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Sweating THE SWEAT SECRETION AND SO
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Sweating Figure 1: A quadrant diagr
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Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
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Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DI
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Cold physiology number was estimate
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Cold physiology cold receptors decr
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Cold physiology EFFECT OF URAPIDIL
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Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF EXERC
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TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODI
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Cold physiology REFERENCES Adams, T
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Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF REPEA
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Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF ALTIT
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Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
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Cold physiology COGNITIVE PERFORMAN
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Seconds 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5
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Cold water immersion REFERENCES Mek
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Cold water immersion the formula: M
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Cold water immersion REFERENCES Cho
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Cold water immersion were: 1 metre
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Cold water immersion surf beaches.
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Cold water immersion Table 1. Break
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Cold water immersion ARM INSULATION
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Cold water immersion RESULTS Experi
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Cold water immersion thermogenesis
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Cold water immersion The other comp
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Cold water immersion REFERENCES And
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Thermal comfort THERMAL SENSATIONS
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Exer - cise PC Wind (m·s -1 ) 0 ne
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Thermal comfort and heart rate usin
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Thermal comfort A NEW METHOD FOR EV
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Thermal comfort DEVELOPMENT OF AN I
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Thermal comfort DISCUSSION This new
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Thermal comfort limit of exposure d
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Table 2: Statistical summary. Gende
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Thermal comfort comfortable”), wh
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Thermal comfort RELATION BETWEEN TH
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Thermal comfort Figure 2. Skin wett
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Thermal comfort THE EVALUATION OF T
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Temp.ˇ ]˘ Jˇ ^ 42 40 38 36 34 32
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time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
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Thermal comfort TCT : THERMAL COMFO
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Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
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Acute and chronic heat exposure of
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure INT
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Page 407 and 408: Acute and chronic heat exposure HAN
Page 409 and 410: Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
Page 411 and 412: Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
Page 413 and 414: Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
Page 415 and 416: Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
Page 417 and 418: Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
Page 419 and 420: Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
Page 421 and 422: Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
Page 423 and 424: Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
Page 425 and 426: RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
Page 427 and 428: Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
Page 429 and 430: Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
Page 431 and 432: IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
Page 433 and 434: Manikins cases. If the body is even
Page 435 and 436: Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
Page 437 and 438: Manikins clothing system. This effe
Page 439 and 440: Manikins The coupled system was val
Page 441 and 442: Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
Page 443 and 444: Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
Page 445 and 446: SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
Page 447 and 448: ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
Page 449 and 450: Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
Page 451 and 452: Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
Page 453 and 454: Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
Page 455: Manikins different black 100% cotto
Page 459 and 460: Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
Page 461 and 462: Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
Page 463 and 464: NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
Page 465 and 466: Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
Page 467 and 468: Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
Page 469 and 470: Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
Page 471 and 472: Modelling simulations the additiona
Page 473 and 474: Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
Page 475 and 476: Modelling concomitant increase in b
Page 477 and 478: Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
Page 479 and 480: Modelling from the 1988 population.
Page 481 and 482: Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
Page 483 and 484: Modelling Each scan data was first
Page 485 and 486: Modelling The line through the data
Page 487 and 488: Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
Page 489 and 490: Modelling measurements are extracte
Page 491 and 492: Measurement methods not included in
Page 493 and 494: Measurement methods humidity. The o
Page 495 and 496: Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
Page 497 and 498: Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
Page 499 and 500: Measurement methods and calculated
Page 501 and 502: Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
Page 503 and 504: Measurement methods work rates, and
Page 505 and 506: Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
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Measurement methods highlighted. In
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Invited presentation Universal Ther
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Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
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Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
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Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
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Universal Thermal Climate Index The
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
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Universal Thermal Climate Index min
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Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
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Working environment It is interesti
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
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Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
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Working environment astigmatism, an
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Working environment RESULTS The hig
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Working environment hearing protect
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Working environment Redistribution
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Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
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Working Environment over the phone
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Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
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Working Environment results, conclu
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Working Environment BP as the refer
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Working Environment significantly a
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Working Environment responses betwe
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Working Environment Casualty handli
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Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
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Working Environment RESULTS The sub
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Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
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Working Environment METHODS Student
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Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
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Working Environment RESULTS The res
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Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
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Employment Standards Results are pr
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Employment Standards to spend free
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Occupational Thermal Problems and d
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Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
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Occupational Thermal Problems some
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Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
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Occupational Thermal Problems range
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
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Occupational Thermal Problems recom
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DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
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Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
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Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
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Occupational Thermal Problems durin
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Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
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Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
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Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
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Occupational Thermal Problems highl
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Occupational Thermal Problems and o
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1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
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Occupational Thermal Problems of a
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Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
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Table 1: Environmental conditions o
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Occupational Thermal Problems The h
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Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems corre
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Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
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Occupational Thermal Problems All i
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A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
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Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
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Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
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SPONSOR 641
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2007, Piran, Slovenia

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