2007, Piran, Slovenia

Manikins
cases. If the body is evenly covered over the whole body not local parts, the IT-difference may
be not as large as the difference obtained from single winter garments over local body parts.
DISCUSSION
Thermal insulation calculated by the serial method was larger by 16% than IT by a serial
method. Heavy, layered and bulky winter garments showed the biggest difference. Also,
through the relationship of IT-differences and covering area per unit garment mass, we
confirmed that single garments that have large garment mass per unit covering area showed
notable differences in IT by two models. The difference can be used an indicator discerning
the homogeneous distribution of thermal insulation. Our future applications include extending
this analysis to the IT of clothing ensembles, including personal cold protective clothing. The
results will be compared to values obtained from human subjects.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was supported by Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2004-041-C00472).
REFERENCES
Anttonen, H., 1999. Interlaboratory trial of thermal manikin based on thermal insulation of
cold protective clothing in accordance with ENV 342. Proceedings of the 3rd international
Meeting on Thermal Manikin Testing 3IMM, pp8-11.
Anttonen, A., Niskanen, J., Meinander, H., Bartels, V., Kuklane, K., Reinertsen, R.E.,
Varieras, S., Sołtyński, K. 2004. Thermal manikin measurements-exact or not? Int. J.
Occup. Saf. Ergon, 10(3), 291-300.
Choi, J.W., Lee, J.Y., Ko, E.S., Lee, H.H., Kim, J.Y. 2006. Daily clothing worn by Korean
women both outdoors and at home by season. Korean Soc Living Environ Sys, 13(1), 8-17.
Holmér, I., 2004. Thermal manikin history and applications. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, 92, 614-8.
Lee, J.Y., 2005. A Study on the body surface area of Korean adults. Ph.D. Dissertation. Seoul
National University.
Meinander, H., 2004. Use of thermal manikins for the standardised assessment of SUBZERO
clothing. Proceedings of the 4th international meeting on thermal manikins. EMPA
Switzerland.
Nilsson, H., 1997. Analysis of two methods of calculating the total insulation. Proceedings of
a European Seminar on Thermal Manikin Testing, Arbetslivsrapport. pp17-22.
Redoritier, B., 1997. Experiences with manikin measurements at ITF Lyon. Proceedings of a
European Seminar on Thermal Manikin Testing, Arbetslivsrapport. pp30-37.
433