2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> to TTC (0.84). These results were consistent with data’s found in a previous experiment Davey and Newton, (2006). The reduction in heat loss due to the increased RH in the microclimate was compared to the instantaneous increase in skin temperature at each of the combined RH and temperature sensors. It was found that estimates of increased skin temperature predicted from calculating changes in heat loss due to the lower vapour pressure gradient closely matched those actual of measured skin temperature increases. These findings will be presented at a later date. Figure 3: Actual by Predicted Plot For TTS Tor TS New Actual 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 358 30 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Tor TS New Predicted P
Thermal comfort A NEW METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION IN HUMANS. Daniel (Wolowske) Yogev , Igor B . Mekjavic Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, <strong>Slovenia</strong>. Contact person: daniel.wolowske@ijs.si INTRODUCTION Behavioural responses are the most efficient of thermoregulatory responses, since relatively simple actions can prevent the need to activate the more metabolically costly autonomic responses. Dependence on behavioural responses may increase in environmental conditions where the prevailing non thermal factors (NTFs) attenuate autonomic responses and alter thermal comfort (Mekjavic and Eiken 2006, Mekjavic et al. 1996, 2003). Thermal (dis)comfort is considered to be the driving force for the initiation of behavioral thermoregulatory responses (Weiss and Laties. 1961). Thus, alteration in the perception of thermal comfort by a NTF might jeopardize normothermia by preventing the initiation of appropriate behavioural responses (Mekjavic et al. 1996). This was confirmed in animal studies (Macdonald et al. (1989, Pertwee et al. 1986), but data in humans is lacking. The aim of the current study was to develop a valid protocol that would reliably evaluate behavioural thermoregulatory responses in humans. METHODS Eleven subjects (6 males and 5 females) participated in the study. The experimental set-up consisted of a water-perfused suit (WPS) with a manual control unit designed to allow the experimenter or the subject control over the temperature of water perfusing the WPS. Following familiarization with the equipment and study protocol subjects donned the WPS and assumed a supine position on a bed. The study consisted of three trials separated by a minimum of 48 hours. In each trial the temperature of the water perfusing the WPS varied from 27°C to 42°C and back to 27°C, at a rate of 1.2°C min -1 . Subjects were requested to indicate the moment they perceived the temperature changing from a comfortable to a slightly uncomfortable level. One of the trials (counterbalanced between the subjects) was followed by a 60-min subjective control trial during which the temperature of the WPS fluctuated in a sinusoidal manner between 27°C and 42°C at the same rate. Subjects were instructed to maintain maximal thermal comfort by interfering (i.e pushing a button on a remote controller) with the cooling or warming of the WPS whenever it reached a slightly uncomfortable level. In all trials, the subjects were naive regarding the absolute temperature of the water perfusing the suit. The temperature of the water exiting the WPS (Tout; °C) at the moment subjects reported feeling slightly uncomfortable (trials 1-3) or at the moment they pushed the remote controller button (trial 4) were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Subjects identified the moment of cold and warm discomfort in a reproducible manner. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between Tout chosen in trials 1 to 3. The average coefficient of variation (calculated as SD/mean*100 of Tout) between trials 1 to 3 was 2.32% for cold discomfort and 5.5% for warm discomfort. No significant changes (P>0.05) were found in Tout at the moment subjects reported feeling uncomfortably warm or cold and the moment they responded to it behaviourally. The Pearson Correlation coefficient (P.Corr) between the perceived warm discomfort (Average of trials 1- 3) and the average upper limit chosen during trial 4 was 0.84 and between perceived cold 359
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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International Conferences on Enviro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
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Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
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Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
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Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
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Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
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Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
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Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
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Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
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Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
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Invited presentation Gravitational
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Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
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Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
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Gravitational Physiology maximum is
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
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Gravitational Physiology Since exer
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Gravitational Physiology During the
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Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
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as observed at rest after LBNP was
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
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Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
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Gravitational Physiology Contractil
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Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
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Diving Physiology A library of imag
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Diving Physiology Information recal
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Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
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Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
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Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
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Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
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Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
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Diving Physiology software. Individ
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Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
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Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
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Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
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Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
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Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
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Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
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Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
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Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
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Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
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SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
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Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
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Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
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Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
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Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
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Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
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Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
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Invited presentation Cognitive and
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Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
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Cognitive and psychophysiological f
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CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
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Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
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F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
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Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
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9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
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Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
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Clothing parallel It values ranged
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Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
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Clothing and left side chest, scapu
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Clothing studies using an ice vest
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Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
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Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
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Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
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Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
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Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
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38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
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Clothing German) were measured, and
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Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
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Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
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Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
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Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
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Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
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Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
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Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
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Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
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Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
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Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
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Personal protective equipment Invit
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Personal protective equipment fabri
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
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Personal protective equipment the S
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Personal protective equipment DISCU
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Personal protective equipment Final
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Personal protective equipment REFER
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Personal protective equipment Tc wa
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Personal protective equipment level
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F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
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h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
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Personal protective equipment 0.05
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Personal protective equipment was u
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Personal protective equipment THERM
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Personal protective equipment the s
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Personal protective equipment the c
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Personal protective equipment wette
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Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
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Personal protective equipment HEAT
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Personal protective equipment Profi
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Personal protective equipment REDUC
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39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
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Personal protective equipment EXERC
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Personal protective equipment appro
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Personal protective equipment Table
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Personal protective equipment reduc
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Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
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Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
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Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
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Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
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Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
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Non-thermal factors to some categor
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Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
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Non-thermal factors CHANGES IN BLOO
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Non-thermal factors Table 1. Thresh
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Non-thermal factors THE DIFFERENCE
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Water intake(g) 2000 1800 1600 1400
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Non-thermal factors IMPROVED FLUID
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Non-thermal factors A tendency for
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Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
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Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Reg
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Sweating back/waist area and finall
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Figure 1: A chrome dome following p
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Sweating Such differences could be
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Sweating the forearm and thigh skin
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Sweating dramatically after puberty
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Sweating In addition local sweating
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Sweating REGIONAL FOOT SWEAT RATES
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Sweating REGIONAL SWEAT RATES OF TH
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Sweating Figure 2 shows the skin te
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Sweating SWEATY HANDS: DIFFERENCES
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Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
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Sweating REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TO
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Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
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Sweating MENSTRUAL CYCLE DOES NOT A
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Sweating RESULTS On average, the ma
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Sweating THE SWEAT SECRETION AND SO
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Sweating Figure 1: A quadrant diagr
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Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
Page 307 and 308: Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DI
Page 309 and 310: Cold physiology number was estimate
Page 311 and 312: Cold physiology cold receptors decr
Page 313 and 314: Cold physiology EFFECT OF URAPIDIL
Page 315 and 316: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF EXERC
Page 317 and 318: TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODI
Page 319 and 320: Cold physiology REFERENCES Adams, T
Page 321 and 322: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF REPEA
Page 323 and 324: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF ALTIT
Page 325 and 326: Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
Page 327 and 328: Cold physiology COGNITIVE PERFORMAN
Page 329 and 330: Seconds 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5
Page 331 and 332: Cold water immersion REFERENCES Mek
Page 333 and 334: Cold water immersion the formula: M
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Page 337 and 338: Cold water immersion were: 1 metre
Page 339 and 340: Cold water immersion surf beaches.
Page 341 and 342: Cold water immersion Table 1. Break
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Page 347 and 348: Cold water immersion thermogenesis
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Page 353 and 354: Thermal comfort THERMAL SENSATIONS
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Page 379 and 380: time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
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Page 383 and 384: Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
Page 385 and 386: Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
Page 387 and 388: Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
Page 389 and 390: Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
Page 391 and 392: Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
Page 393 and 394: Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
Page 395 and 396: Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
Page 397 and 398: Acute and chronic heat exposure of
Page 399 and 400: Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
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Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
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Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
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Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
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Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
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RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
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Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
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Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
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IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
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Manikins cases. If the body is even
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Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
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Manikins clothing system. This effe
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Manikins The coupled system was val
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Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
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Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
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SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
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ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
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Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
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Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
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Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
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Manikins different black 100% cotto
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Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., H
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Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
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Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
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NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
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Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
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Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
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Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
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Modelling simulations the additiona
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Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
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Modelling concomitant increase in b
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Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
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Modelling from the 1988 population.
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Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
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Modelling Each scan data was first
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Modelling The line through the data
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Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
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Modelling measurements are extracte
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Measurement methods not included in
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Measurement methods humidity. The o
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Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
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Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
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Measurement methods and calculated
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Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
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Measurement methods work rates, and
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Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
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Measurement methods highlighted. In
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Invited presentation Universal Ther
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Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
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Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
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Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
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Universal Thermal Climate Index The
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
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Universal Thermal Climate Index min
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Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
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Working environment It is interesti
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
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Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
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Working environment astigmatism, an
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Working environment RESULTS The hig
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Working environment hearing protect
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Working environment Redistribution
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Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
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Working Environment over the phone
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Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
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Working Environment results, conclu
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Working Environment BP as the refer
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Working Environment significantly a
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Working Environment responses betwe
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Working Environment Casualty handli
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Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
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Working Environment RESULTS The sub
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Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
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Working Environment METHODS Student
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Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
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Working Environment RESULTS The res
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Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
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Employment Standards Results are pr
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Employment Standards to spend free
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Occupational Thermal Problems and d
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Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
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Occupational Thermal Problems some
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Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
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Occupational Thermal Problems range
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
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Occupational Thermal Problems recom
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DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
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Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
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Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
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Occupational Thermal Problems durin
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Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
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Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
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Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
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Occupational Thermal Problems highl
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Occupational Thermal Problems and o
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1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
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Occupational Thermal Problems of a
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Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
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Table 1: Environmental conditions o
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Occupational Thermal Problems The h
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Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems corre
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Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
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Occupational Thermal Problems All i
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A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
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Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
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Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
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SPONSOR 641
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