2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> ranged from 12.6 (1.2) °C in finger 2 to 12.0 (1.1) °C in finger 4. On day 13, the average (SD) values for finger temperatures ranged from 10.9 (0.8) °C in finger 5 to 10.3 (0.5) °C in finger 2. The average skin temperature was significantly (p
Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ACCLIMATISATION ON THE FINGER COLD-INDUCED VASODILATATION Ana Felicijan 2 , Petra Golja 3 , Stephen S. Cheung 4 Metka Milcinski and Igor B. Mekjavic 1 1 Jozef Stefan Institute & 2 Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana; 3 University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, <strong>Slovenia</strong>; 4 Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada Contact person: igor.mekjavic@ijs.si INTRODUCTION We evaluated the effect of high altitude acclimatization on the cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) response, which is considered a protective mechanism against nonfreezing cold injury of peripheral tissues. METHODS Subjects were assigned to two groups: an experimental group, which underwent high altitude acclimatization, and a control group. We tested the experimental group before and immediately after a high altitude Himalayan expedition. The acclimatisation was a sevenweek expedition to Ama Dablam (6828 m) during which most of the daily activities were carried out at altitudes ranging from 4000 to 6000m. With few exceptions, subjects slept at base camp at 3895m. The control group was tested on the same occasions as the experimental group, and the interval between both tests for both groups was 7 weeks. During each test, subjects immersed their hand in 37 °C water for 5 min., followed by a 30 min immersion of the hand to the styloid process in 10 °C water for 30 min. Upon completion of the hand immersion, the same procedure was followed for the foot. During the pre-heating and cold water immersion phases of the trials, we measured the temperature of the edge of the nail beds of all immersed digits, as well as skin temperature at four sites (arm, chest, thigh, calf), tympanic temperature, blood pressure and heart rate. The subjects provided ratings of thermal sensation and comfort on a numerical scale. From the responses of the temperature of the tips of the fingers and the toes, we determined the minimum (Tmin, |Tmin|) and maximum (Tmax, |Tmax|) temperatures, amplitude (∆T, |∆T|, ∆Trec), mean finger skin temperature (Tmean), recovery temperature (Trec), onset time (∆tonset), peak time (∆tpeak), frequency of CIVD (FCIVD) and the duration of the entire blood vessel opening – closing sequence (∆tCIVD). RESULTS After the high altitude acclimatisation, we observed significant increases in amplitude (∆T; before: 1.8 (1.0)°C, after: 2.7 (1.9)°C) and absolute maximum temperature (|Tmax|; before: 20.3 (5.9)°C, after: 22.3 (4.2)°C) in fingers. In toes, there were significant increases in minimum temperature (Tmin; before: 16.6 (4.3)°C, after: 19.9 (4.6) °C), maximum temperature (Tmax; before: 18.8 (4.0)°C, after: 22.1 (4.8)°C), mean toe skin temperature (Tmean; before: 14.8°C (4.6)°C, after: 17.0 (3.5)°C after), absolute minimum temperature (|Tmin| ; before: 12.8 (4.1)°C, after: 14.3 (2.5)°C), absolute maximum temperature (|Tmax| ; before: 19.7 (4.0)°C, after: 23.1 (4.3)°C) and absolute amplitude (|∆T| ; before: 4.7 (1.8)°C, after: 8.1 (3.9)°C). Peak time was significantly shorter (∆tpeak; before: 3.4 min (2.5) min, after: 2.2 (1.9) min). Tympanic and skin temperatures were similar in the pre- and post-acclimatisation trials. There were no changes in the blood pressure response, nor on the subjective ratings of temperature sensation and thermal comfort. 323
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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International Conferences on Enviro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
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Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
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Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
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Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
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Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
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Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
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Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
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Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
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Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
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Invited presentation Gravitational
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Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
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Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
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Gravitational Physiology maximum is
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
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Gravitational Physiology Since exer
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Gravitational Physiology During the
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Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
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as observed at rest after LBNP was
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
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Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
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Gravitational Physiology Contractil
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Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
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Diving Physiology A library of imag
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Diving Physiology Information recal
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Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
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Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
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Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
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Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
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Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
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Diving Physiology software. Individ
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Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
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Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
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Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
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Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
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Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
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Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
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Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
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Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
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Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
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SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
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Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
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Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
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Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
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Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
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Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
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Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
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Invited presentation Cognitive and
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Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
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Cognitive and psychophysiological f
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CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
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Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
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F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
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Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
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9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
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Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
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Clothing parallel It values ranged
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Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
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Clothing and left side chest, scapu
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Clothing studies using an ice vest
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Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
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Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
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Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
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Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
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Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
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38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
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Clothing German) were measured, and
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Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
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Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
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Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
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Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
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Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
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Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
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Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
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Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
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Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
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Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
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Personal protective equipment Invit
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Personal protective equipment fabri
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
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Personal protective equipment the S
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Personal protective equipment DISCU
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Personal protective equipment Final
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Personal protective equipment REFER
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Personal protective equipment Tc wa
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Personal protective equipment level
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F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
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h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
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Personal protective equipment 0.05
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Personal protective equipment was u
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Personal protective equipment THERM
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Personal protective equipment the s
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Personal protective equipment the c
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Personal protective equipment wette
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Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
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Personal protective equipment HEAT
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Personal protective equipment Profi
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Personal protective equipment REDUC
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39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
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Personal protective equipment EXERC
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Personal protective equipment appro
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Personal protective equipment Table
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Personal protective equipment reduc
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Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
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Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
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Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
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Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
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Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
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Non-thermal factors to some categor
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Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
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Non-thermal factors CHANGES IN BLOO
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Non-thermal factors Table 1. Thresh
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Non-thermal factors THE DIFFERENCE
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Water intake(g) 2000 1800 1600 1400
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Non-thermal factors IMPROVED FLUID
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Non-thermal factors A tendency for
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Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
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Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Reg
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Page 281 and 282: Sweating In addition local sweating
Page 283 and 284: Sweating REGIONAL FOOT SWEAT RATES
Page 285 and 286: Sweating REGIONAL SWEAT RATES OF TH
Page 287 and 288: Sweating Figure 2 shows the skin te
Page 289 and 290: Sweating SWEATY HANDS: DIFFERENCES
Page 291 and 292: Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 293 and 294: Sweating REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TO
Page 295 and 296: Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 297 and 298: Sweating MENSTRUAL CYCLE DOES NOT A
Page 299 and 300: Sweating RESULTS On average, the ma
Page 301 and 302: Sweating THE SWEAT SECRETION AND SO
Page 303 and 304: Sweating Figure 1: A quadrant diagr
Page 305 and 306: Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
Page 307 and 308: Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DI
Page 309 and 310: Cold physiology number was estimate
Page 311 and 312: Cold physiology cold receptors decr
Page 313 and 314: Cold physiology EFFECT OF URAPIDIL
Page 315 and 316: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF EXERC
Page 317 and 318: TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODI
Page 319 and 320: Cold physiology REFERENCES Adams, T
Page 321: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF REPEA
Page 325 and 326: Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
Page 327 and 328: Cold physiology COGNITIVE PERFORMAN
Page 329 and 330: Seconds 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5
Page 331 and 332: Cold water immersion REFERENCES Mek
Page 333 and 334: Cold water immersion the formula: M
Page 335 and 336: Cold water immersion REFERENCES Cho
Page 337 and 338: Cold water immersion were: 1 metre
Page 339 and 340: Cold water immersion surf beaches.
Page 341 and 342: Cold water immersion Table 1. Break
Page 343 and 344: Cold water immersion ARM INSULATION
Page 345 and 346: Cold water immersion RESULTS Experi
Page 347 and 348: Cold water immersion thermogenesis
Page 349 and 350: Cold water immersion The other comp
Page 351 and 352: Cold water immersion REFERENCES And
Page 353 and 354: Thermal comfort THERMAL SENSATIONS
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Page 357 and 358: Thermal comfort and heart rate usin
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Page 363 and 364: Thermal comfort DISCUSSION This new
Page 365 and 366: Thermal comfort limit of exposure d
Page 367 and 368: Table 2: Statistical summary. Gende
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Page 371 and 372: Thermal comfort RELATION BETWEEN TH
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Thermal comfort Figure 2. Skin wett
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Thermal comfort THE EVALUATION OF T
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Temp.ˇ ]˘ Jˇ ^ 42 40 38 36 34 32
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time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
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Thermal comfort TCT : THERMAL COMFO
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Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
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Acute and chronic heat exposure of
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure INT
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probability plot 99 95 80 60 40 20
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Acute and chronic heat exposure HAN
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Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
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Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
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Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
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Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
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Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
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RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
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Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
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Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
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IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
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Manikins cases. If the body is even
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Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
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Manikins clothing system. This effe
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Manikins The coupled system was val
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Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
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Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
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SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
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ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
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Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
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Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
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Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
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Manikins different black 100% cotto
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Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., H
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Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
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Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
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NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
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Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
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Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
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Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
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Modelling simulations the additiona
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Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
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Modelling concomitant increase in b
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Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
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Modelling from the 1988 population.
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Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
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Modelling Each scan data was first
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Modelling The line through the data
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Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
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Modelling measurements are extracte
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Measurement methods not included in
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Measurement methods humidity. The o
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Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
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Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
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Measurement methods and calculated
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Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
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Measurement methods work rates, and
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Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
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Measurement methods highlighted. In
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Invited presentation Universal Ther
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Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
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Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
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Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
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Universal Thermal Climate Index The
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
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Universal Thermal Climate Index min
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Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
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Working environment It is interesti
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
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Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
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Working environment astigmatism, an
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Working environment RESULTS The hig
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Working environment hearing protect
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Working environment Redistribution
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Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
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Working Environment over the phone
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Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
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Working Environment results, conclu
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Working Environment BP as the refer
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Working Environment significantly a
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Working Environment responses betwe
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Working Environment Casualty handli
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Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
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Working Environment RESULTS The sub
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Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
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Working Environment METHODS Student
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Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
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Working Environment RESULTS The res
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Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
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Employment Standards Results are pr
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Employment Standards to spend free
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Occupational Thermal Problems and d
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Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
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Occupational Thermal Problems some
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Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
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Occupational Thermal Problems range
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
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Occupational Thermal Problems recom
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DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
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Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
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Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
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Occupational Thermal Problems durin
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Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
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Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
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Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
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Occupational Thermal Problems highl
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Occupational Thermal Problems and o
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1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
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Occupational Thermal Problems of a
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Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
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Table 1: Environmental conditions o
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Occupational Thermal Problems The h
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Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems corre
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Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
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Occupational Thermal Problems All i
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A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
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Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
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Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
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2007, Piran, Slovenia

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