2007, Piran, Slovenia
2007, Piran, Slovenia 2007, Piran, Slovenia
Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana 2007 trial. Additionally, 50% of subjects exhibited CIVD in at least one toe during normothermia and 87.5% during hyperthermia. In toes that showed a CIVD response, the number of hunting waves was higher in the hyperthermic trial. Pre-immersion HR values were 105.6 (7.6) bpm in the hyperthermic trial and 74.4 (8.3) bpm in the normothermic trial. During the 1st min of immersion, HR was 104.0 (6.9), and 77.4 (8.6) bpm in the hypothermic and normothermic trials, respectively. During the immersion, HR attained end-immersion values of 93.4 (5.4) bpm and 77.0 (11.9) bpm in the hyperthermic and normothermic trials, respectively (p
TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODILATION Hein Daanen, Roy Raymann and Mark Stoop TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Soesterberg, The Netherlands Contact person: hein.daanen@tno.nl Cold physiology INTRODUCTION Peripheral cold injuries are often reported in mountaineers. Not only low ambient temperatures, but also the hypobaric circumstances are known to be major environmental risk factors (Daanen and Van Ruiten, 2000). When the fingers are exposed to extreme cold for several minutes, cold induced vasodilation (CIVD) occurs, that is reported to have protective properties for cold injuries (Daanen and Van der Struijs, 2005). Repeated immersion in cold water may lead to improved finger blood flow (Adams and Smith, 1962). In the latter study, the subjects immersed their phalanxes in ice water four times daily for one month. In this study we investigated if two weeks of repeated immersions of the hand in cold water prior to a mountain expedition to the Ama Dablam in Nepal enhanced finger blood flow response to cold. METHODS Eight subjects (6M, 2F, mean age 34 years) participated in the study. In July 2006 all subjects immersed the middle finger of both hands in ice water and the CIVD reaction was determined (pre-test). Fingertip temperature was measured using a small thermocouple at the volar side of the middle finger. Starting September 8, the subjects immersed one hand every day for 15 minutes in ice water for 14 consecutive days. Four subjects trained the left hand, and four subjects trained the right hand. During this training period, the pain score was measured using a 10cm visual analogue scale. Just prior to the flight to Nepal, September 22 at Schiphol airport, the same protocol as the pre-test was followed to determine the changes in peripheral blood flow and pain score of the trained and untrained hand (post-test). In the base-camp Namche Bazar at 3340 m, again the middle fingers of both hands were immersed in ice water (altitude-test). The CIVD response was quantified using the onset time, minimum (Tmin) and mean finger skin temperature (Tmean). RESULTS There was no difference in onset time, minimum and mean finger skin temperature between the trained and untrained hands for the pre-test, post-test and altitude test (Table 1). Tmean was higher in the pre-test than in the post-test and altitude test (P
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Environmental Ergonomics XII<br />
Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong><br />
trial. Additionally, 50% of subjects exhibited CIVD in at least one toe during normothermia<br />
and 87.5% during hyperthermia. In toes that showed a CIVD response, the number of hunting<br />
waves was higher in the hyperthermic trial.<br />
Pre-immersion HR values were 105.6 (7.6) bpm in the hyperthermic trial and 74.4 (8.3) bpm<br />
in the normothermic trial. During the 1st min of immersion, HR was 104.0 (6.9), and 77.4<br />
(8.6) bpm in the hypothermic and normothermic trials, respectively. During the immersion,<br />
HR attained end-immersion values of 93.4 (5.4) bpm and 77.0 (11.9) bpm in the hyperthermic<br />
and normothermic trials, respectively (p
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