2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> REFERENCES (1) Frazer A, Hensler JG. Serotonin. In: Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, Fisher SK, ilman AG, Uhler MD, editors. Basic Neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical aspects. Lippincott-Raven, 1999: 263-292. (2) Hoffman BB. Catecholamines, Sympathomimetic Drugs, and Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001: 215-268. (3) Prehn JH, Backhauss C, Karkoutly C et al. Neuroprotective properties of 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rodent models of focal and global cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 203(2):213-222. 314
Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA ON THE FINGER SKIN COLD-INDUCED VASODILATATION RESPONSE Uroš Dobnikar 2 , Stelios Kounalakis 1,3 & Igor B. Mekjavic 1 1 Institute of Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana; 2 Clinical Centre Maribor; 3 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Contact person: igor.mekjavic@ijs.si INTRODUCTION It is generally accepted that cold induced vasodilatations (CIVD) in fingers play a role in cold injury prevention. The mechanism of CIVD has not yet been resolved. The actual morphological structures responsible for CIVD also remain to be defined. Despite the many uncertainties regarding the etiology and morphology of the CIVD response, the arteriovenous anastomoses have been implicated as contributing significantly to the response. CIVD has been extensively studied in fingers (Daanen 2003). Unfortunately, CIVD in toes has attracted less scrutiny, despite the higher incidence of cold injuries in the toes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate exercise-induced hyperthermia on toe skin temperatures during immersion of the foot in cold (8°C) water. METHODS Eight young male students, with average (SD) age of 25 (5) years, height 180.8 (4.8) cm, and weight 80.4 (5.9) kg gave their informed consent to participate. The National Medical Ethics committee of the Republic of <strong>Slovenia</strong> approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Participation in the study was subject to physician’s approval. The subjects were asked to abstain from caffeine 2 hours before the trials. They were also asked not to participate in any sporting activity, and not to perform any heavy physical exertion at least 2 hours before the trials. All subjects participated in two trials in a counterbalanced order, separated by at least two days. In the hyperthermic experiment, the core temperature of the subjects was raised by an incremental cycling exercise (Monark 884E, Sweden) with 40 Watts increments every 2 min to exhaustion. Exercise was followed by an 8 o C cold-water immersion of the right foot for 30 minutes. In the normothermic experiment, the immersion of their right foot in cold water was not preceded by exercise. The two trials were conducted at the same time of day, in environmental temperature of 27 °C and relative humidity of 35 %. During the experiments, the pad skin temperature of all toes and the dorsum of the foot were measured every 8 seconds with thermocouples (Almemo, Ahlborn, Germany). Tympanic temperature (ThermoScan, Braun, Germany), heart rate (Polar NV, Polar Electro Oy, Finland), and subjective ratings of thermal comfort and temperature sensation were also monitored during the immersions. RESULTS Subjects cycled for 9.2 (2.3) min and reach the maximal work rate of 221.2 (45.2) Watts. During the hyperthermic trial, tympanic temperature was higher by 0.55 oC compared to normothermic trial. Tympanic temperature remained significantly higher during the 30 min immersion in the hyperthermic compared to the normothermic trial. A CIVD response occurred in 57.5% of all toes in the hyperthermic trial, and in only 27.5% in the normohermic 315
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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International Conferences on Enviro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
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Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
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Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
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Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
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Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
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Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
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Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
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Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
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Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
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Invited presentation Gravitational
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Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
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Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
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Gravitational Physiology maximum is
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
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Gravitational Physiology Since exer
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Gravitational Physiology During the
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Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
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as observed at rest after LBNP was
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
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Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
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Gravitational Physiology Contractil
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Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
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Diving Physiology A library of imag
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Diving Physiology Information recal
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Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
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Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
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Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
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Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
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Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
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Diving Physiology software. Individ
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Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
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Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
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Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
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Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
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Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
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Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
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Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
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Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
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Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
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SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
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Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
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Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
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Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
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Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
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Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
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Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
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Invited presentation Cognitive and
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Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
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Cognitive and psychophysiological f
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CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
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Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
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F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
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Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
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9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
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Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
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Clothing parallel It values ranged
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Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
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Clothing and left side chest, scapu
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Clothing studies using an ice vest
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Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
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Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
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Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
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Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
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Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
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38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
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Clothing German) were measured, and
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Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
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Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
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Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
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Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
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Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
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Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
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Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
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Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
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Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
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Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
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Personal protective equipment Invit
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Personal protective equipment fabri
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
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Personal protective equipment the S
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Personal protective equipment DISCU
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Personal protective equipment Final
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Personal protective equipment REFER
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Personal protective equipment Tc wa
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Personal protective equipment level
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F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
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h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
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Personal protective equipment 0.05
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Personal protective equipment was u
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Personal protective equipment THERM
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Personal protective equipment the s
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Personal protective equipment the c
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Personal protective equipment wette
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Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
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Personal protective equipment HEAT
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Personal protective equipment Profi
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Personal protective equipment REDUC
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39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
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Personal protective equipment EXERC
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Personal protective equipment appro
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Personal protective equipment Table
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Personal protective equipment reduc
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Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
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Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
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Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
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Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
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Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
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Non-thermal factors to some categor
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Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
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Non-thermal factors CHANGES IN BLOO
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Non-thermal factors Table 1. Thresh
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Non-thermal factors THE DIFFERENCE
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Water intake(g) 2000 1800 1600 1400
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Page 267 and 268: Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
Page 269 and 270: Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Reg
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Page 281 and 282: Sweating In addition local sweating
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Page 285 and 286: Sweating REGIONAL SWEAT RATES OF TH
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Page 289 and 290: Sweating SWEATY HANDS: DIFFERENCES
Page 291 and 292: Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 293 and 294: Sweating REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TO
Page 295 and 296: Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
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Page 299 and 300: Sweating RESULTS On average, the ma
Page 301 and 302: Sweating THE SWEAT SECRETION AND SO
Page 303 and 304: Sweating Figure 1: A quadrant diagr
Page 305 and 306: Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
Page 307 and 308: Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DI
Page 309 and 310: Cold physiology number was estimate
Page 311 and 312: Cold physiology cold receptors decr
Page 313: Cold physiology EFFECT OF URAPIDIL
Page 317 and 318: TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODI
Page 319 and 320: Cold physiology REFERENCES Adams, T
Page 321 and 322: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF REPEA
Page 323 and 324: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF ALTIT
Page 325 and 326: Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
Page 327 and 328: Cold physiology COGNITIVE PERFORMAN
Page 329 and 330: Seconds 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5
Page 331 and 332: Cold water immersion REFERENCES Mek
Page 333 and 334: Cold water immersion the formula: M
Page 335 and 336: Cold water immersion REFERENCES Cho
Page 337 and 338: Cold water immersion were: 1 metre
Page 339 and 340: Cold water immersion surf beaches.
Page 341 and 342: Cold water immersion Table 1. Break
Page 343 and 344: Cold water immersion ARM INSULATION
Page 345 and 346: Cold water immersion RESULTS Experi
Page 347 and 348: Cold water immersion thermogenesis
Page 349 and 350: Cold water immersion The other comp
Page 351 and 352: Cold water immersion REFERENCES And
Page 353 and 354: Thermal comfort THERMAL SENSATIONS
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Thermal comfort limit of exposure d
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Table 2: Statistical summary. Gende
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Thermal comfort comfortable”), wh
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Thermal comfort RELATION BETWEEN TH
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Thermal comfort Figure 2. Skin wett
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Thermal comfort THE EVALUATION OF T
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Temp.ˇ ]˘ Jˇ ^ 42 40 38 36 34 32
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time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
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Thermal comfort TCT : THERMAL COMFO
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Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
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Acute and chronic heat exposure of
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure INT
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probability plot 99 95 80 60 40 20
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Acute and chronic heat exposure HAN
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Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
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Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
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Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
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Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
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Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
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RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
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Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
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Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
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IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
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Manikins cases. If the body is even
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Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
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Manikins clothing system. This effe
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Manikins The coupled system was val
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Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
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Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
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SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
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ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
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Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
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Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
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Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
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Manikins different black 100% cotto
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Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., H
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Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
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Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
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NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
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Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
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Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
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Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
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Modelling simulations the additiona
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Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
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Modelling concomitant increase in b
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Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
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Modelling from the 1988 population.
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Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
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Modelling Each scan data was first
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Modelling The line through the data
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Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
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Modelling measurements are extracte
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Measurement methods not included in
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Measurement methods humidity. The o
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Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
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Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
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Measurement methods and calculated
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Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
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Measurement methods work rates, and
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Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
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Measurement methods highlighted. In
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Invited presentation Universal Ther
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Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
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Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
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Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
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Universal Thermal Climate Index The
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
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Universal Thermal Climate Index min
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Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
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Working environment It is interesti
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
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Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
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Working environment astigmatism, an
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Working environment RESULTS The hig
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Working environment hearing protect
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Working environment Redistribution
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Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
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Working Environment over the phone
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Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
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Working Environment results, conclu
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Working Environment BP as the refer
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Working Environment significantly a
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Working Environment responses betwe
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Working Environment Casualty handli
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Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
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Working Environment RESULTS The sub
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Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
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Working Environment METHODS Student
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Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
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Working Environment RESULTS The res
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Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
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Employment Standards Results are pr
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Employment Standards to spend free
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Occupational Thermal Problems and d
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Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
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Occupational Thermal Problems some
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Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
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Occupational Thermal Problems range
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
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Occupational Thermal Problems recom
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DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
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Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
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Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
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Occupational Thermal Problems durin
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Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
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Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
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Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
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Occupational Thermal Problems highl
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Occupational Thermal Problems and o
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1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
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Occupational Thermal Problems of a
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Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
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Table 1: Environmental conditions o
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Occupational Thermal Problems The h
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Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems corre
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Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
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Occupational Thermal Problems All i
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A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
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Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
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Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
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SPONSOR 641
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