2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> There are indications that subjects with a reduced finger CIVD response are more prone to get local cold injuries (Daanen and Van Der Struijs, 2005), but more epidemiological research is needed to establish a firm relationship. Although it was observed that an early CIVD onset was associated with initially superior manual performance (Bensel and Lockhart, 1974), recent work shows that CIVD does not seem to increase manual dexterity during work in the cold (Geurts et al., 2005a). REFERENCES Adams,T, R E Smith, 1962, Effect of chronic local cold exposure on finger temperature responses: Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 17, p. 317-322. Bensel,CK, J M Lockhart, 1974, Cold induced vasodilatation onset and manual performance in the cold: Ergonomics, v. 17, p. 717-730. Daanen,HAM, M B Ducharme, 2000, Axon reflexes in human cold exposed fingers: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, v. 81, p. 240-244. Daanen,HAM, N R Van Der Struijs, 2005, Resistance index of frostbite as a predictor of cold injury in arctic operations: Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, v. 76, p. 1119- 1122. Daanen,HAM, H J A Van Ruiten, 2000, Cold-induced peripheral vasodilation at high altitudes - A field study: High Altitude Medicine and Biology, v. 1, p. 323-329. Geurts,CL, G G Sleivert, S S Cheung, 2005a, Effect of cold-induced vasodilatation in the index finger on temperature and contractile characteristics of the first dorsal interosseus muscle during cold-water immersion: European Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 93, p. 524-529. Geurts,CLM, G G Sleivert, S S Cheung, 2005b, Local cold acclimation of the hand impairs thermal responses of the finger without improving hand neuromuscular function: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, v. 183, p. 117-124. Lewis,T, 1930, Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold: Heart, v. 15, p. 177-208. Meehan,JP, 1957, Individual and racial variations in a vascular response to a cold stimulus: Military Medicine, v. 116, p. 330-334. Miland,AO, J B Mercer, 2006, Effect of a short period of abstinence from smoking on rewarming patterns of the hands following local cooling: European Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 98, p. 161-168. Noon,JR, W G Haynes, D J Webb, A C Shore, 1996, Local inhibition of nitric oxide generation in man reduces blood flow in finger pulp but not in hand dorsum skin: Journal of Physiology, v. 490, p. 501-508. O'Brien,C, 2005, Reproducibility of the cold-induced vasodilation response in the human finger: Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 98, p. 1334-1340. O'Brien,C, S J Montain, 2003, Hypohydration effect on finger skin temperature and blood flow during cold-water finger immersion: Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 94, p. 598- 603. 306
Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BURST SHIVERING ACTIVITY: PROXIMAL VERSUS DISTAL MUSCLES Marie-Andrée Imbeault 1 , Anali Maneshi 2 , Stéphane R. Legault 3 and François Haman 2 1 Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 3 Defence R&D Canada – Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Contact person: fhaman@uottawa.ca INTRODUCTION Cold-induced shivering is characterised by two distinct muscle contraction patterns: continuous low-intensity shivering [4-8 Hz; ~1 to 5% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] and bursts of high-intensity shivering (0.1-0.2 Hz; 10 to 35% MVC) (Meigal, 2002, Haman et al., 2004). Recently, large overall variations in this dual shivering pattern have been observed amongst individuals even at the same relative thermogenic rate (Haman et al., 2004). The purpose of this descriptive study was to quantify potential intra-individual disparities in burst shivering activity between proximal and distal muscles within individuals. METHODS Moderate shivering (~3.5 times resting metabolic rate) was induced in eight non-acclimatized men (23±0.4 years) using a thermal chamber set at 5°C and a liquid conditioned suit perfused with 4°C water. Burst shivering rate (BR) was determined from electromyographic (EMG) recordings from 8 muscles (4 proximal and 4 distal) located on the right side of the body as described by Haman et al. (2004a). Proximal muscles are trapezius (TR), latissimus dorsi (LA), pectoralis (PE), rectus abdominis (RA) and distal muscles are vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), abductor magnus (AD). RESULTS Bursts·min -1 Bursts·min -1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Proximal Distal 0 0 20 40 60 80 DISCUSSION We conclude that important differences in shivering activity occur between proximal and distal muscles within the same individual. Proximal muscles display a higher burst shivering rate than distal muscles. The physiological importance and origins of these differences in shivering EMG activity remain to be established. REFERENCES * * * Time (min) Bell D.G., Tikuisis P. & Jacobs I. (1992). Relative intensity of muscular contraction during shivering. J Appl Physiol 72 (6), pp 2336-2342. Haman F., Legault SR. & Weber J.M. (2004a) Effects of carbohydrate availability on sustained shivering II. Relating muscle recruitment to fuel selection. J Appl Physiol 96(1), pp 41-49. Haman F., Legault SR., Rakobowchuck M., Ducharme M. & Weber J.M. (2004b). Fuel selection during intense shivering in humans: EMG pattern reflects carbohydrate oxidation. J Physiol 556.1, pp 305-313. Meigal A. (2002). Gross and fine neuromuscular performance at cold shivering. Int J Circumpolar Health 61(2), pp 163-72. * 100 Figure1: Differences between proximal and distal muscle shivering rates over a 90 minutes cold exposure. Bars (± standard error) represent mean of shivering rate (bursts/min) of 8 subjects of 2 different muscle groups (proximal and distal muscles). * represents significant differences (α < 0.05) between muscle groups. As shivering intensified from the beginning to the end of cold exposure, BR increased progressively for both muscles group (P=0.001). 307
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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International Conferences on Enviro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
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Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
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Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
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Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
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Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
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Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
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Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
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Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
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Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
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Invited presentation Gravitational
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Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
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Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
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Gravitational Physiology maximum is
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
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Gravitational Physiology Since exer
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Gravitational Physiology During the
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Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
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as observed at rest after LBNP was
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
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Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
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Gravitational Physiology Contractil
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Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
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Diving Physiology A library of imag
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Diving Physiology Information recal
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Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
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Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
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Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
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Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
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Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
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Diving Physiology software. Individ
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Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
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Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
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Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
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Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
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Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
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Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
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Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
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Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
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Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
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SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
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Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
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Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
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Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
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Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
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Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
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Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
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Invited presentation Cognitive and
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Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
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Cognitive and psychophysiological f
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CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
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Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
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F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
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Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
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9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
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Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
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Clothing parallel It values ranged
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Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
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Clothing and left side chest, scapu
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Clothing studies using an ice vest
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Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
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Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
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Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
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Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
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Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
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38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
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Clothing German) were measured, and
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Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
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Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
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Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
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Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
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Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
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Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
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Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
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Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
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Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
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Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
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Personal protective equipment Invit
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Personal protective equipment fabri
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
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Personal protective equipment the S
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Personal protective equipment DISCU
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Personal protective equipment Final
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Personal protective equipment REFER
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Personal protective equipment Tc wa
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Personal protective equipment level
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F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
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h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
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Personal protective equipment 0.05
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Personal protective equipment was u
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Personal protective equipment THERM
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Personal protective equipment the s
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Personal protective equipment the c
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Personal protective equipment wette
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Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
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Personal protective equipment HEAT
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Personal protective equipment Profi
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Personal protective equipment REDUC
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39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
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Personal protective equipment EXERC
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Personal protective equipment appro
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Personal protective equipment Table
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Personal protective equipment reduc
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Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
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Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
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Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
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Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
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Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
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Non-thermal factors to some categor
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Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
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Page 267 and 268: Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
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Page 305: Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
Page 309 and 310: Cold physiology number was estimate
Page 311 and 312: Cold physiology cold receptors decr
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Page 325 and 326: Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
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Thermal comfort and heart rate usin
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Thermal comfort A NEW METHOD FOR EV
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Thermal comfort DEVELOPMENT OF AN I
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Thermal comfort DISCUSSION This new
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Thermal comfort limit of exposure d
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Table 2: Statistical summary. Gende
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Thermal comfort comfortable”), wh
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Thermal comfort RELATION BETWEEN TH
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Thermal comfort Figure 2. Skin wett
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Thermal comfort THE EVALUATION OF T
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Temp.ˇ ]˘ Jˇ ^ 42 40 38 36 34 32
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time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
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Thermal comfort TCT : THERMAL COMFO
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Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
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Acute and chronic heat exposure of
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure INT
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probability plot 99 95 80 60 40 20
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Acute and chronic heat exposure HAN
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Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
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Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
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Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
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Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
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Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
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RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
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Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
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Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
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IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
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Manikins cases. If the body is even
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Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
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Manikins clothing system. This effe
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Manikins The coupled system was val
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Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
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Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
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SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
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ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
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Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
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Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
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Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
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Manikins different black 100% cotto
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Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., H
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Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
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Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
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NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
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Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
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Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
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Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
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Modelling simulations the additiona
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Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
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Modelling concomitant increase in b
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Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
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Modelling from the 1988 population.
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Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
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Modelling Each scan data was first
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Modelling The line through the data
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Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
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Modelling measurements are extracte
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Measurement methods not included in
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Measurement methods humidity. The o
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Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
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Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
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Measurement methods and calculated
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Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
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Measurement methods work rates, and
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Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
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Measurement methods highlighted. In
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Invited presentation Universal Ther
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Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
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Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
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Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
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Universal Thermal Climate Index The
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
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Universal Thermal Climate Index min
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Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
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Working environment It is interesti
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
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Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
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Working environment astigmatism, an
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Working environment RESULTS The hig
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Working environment hearing protect
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Working environment Redistribution
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Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
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Working Environment over the phone
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Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
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Working Environment results, conclu
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Working Environment BP as the refer
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Working Environment significantly a
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Working Environment responses betwe
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Working Environment Casualty handli
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Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
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Working Environment RESULTS The sub
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Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
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Working Environment METHODS Student
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Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
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Working Environment RESULTS The res
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Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
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Employment Standards Results are pr
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Employment Standards to spend free
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Occupational Thermal Problems and d
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Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
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Occupational Thermal Problems some
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Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
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Occupational Thermal Problems range
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
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Occupational Thermal Problems recom
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DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
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Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
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Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
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Occupational Thermal Problems durin
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Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
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Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
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Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
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Occupational Thermal Problems highl
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Occupational Thermal Problems and o
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1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
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Occupational Thermal Problems of a
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Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
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Table 1: Environmental conditions o
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Occupational Thermal Problems The h
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Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems corre
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Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
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Occupational Thermal Problems All i
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A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
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Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
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Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
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SPONSOR 641
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