2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> important role in the design of racket sports equipment, in particular grip design, and shows the relevance of the use of sweat absorbing wristbands in preventing sweat from the arm reaching the hand. REFERENCES Cotter, J. D., Patterson, M. J., and Taylor, N. A. S., 1995. The topography of eccrine sweating in humans during exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 71, 549-554 Havenith, G., 2001. An individual model of human thermoregulation for the simulation of heat stress response. J. Appl. Physiol., 90, 1943-1954 Nadel, E. R., Bullard, R. W., and Stolwijk, J. A. J., 1971. Importance of skin temperature in the regulation of sweat. J. Appl. Physiol., 31(1), 80-87 Weiner, J. S., 1945. The regional distribution of sweating. J. Appl. Physiol., 104, 32-40 288
Sweating SWEATY HANDS: DIFFERENCES IN SWEAT SECRETION FROM PALMAR AND DORSAL SURFACES. Christiano A. Machado-Moreira 1 , Joanne N. Caldwell 1 , Igor B. Mekjavic 2 , Nigel A.S. Taylor 1 1 Human Performance Laboratories, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia and 2 Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, <strong>Slovenia</strong>. Contact person: nigel_taylor@uow.edu.au INTRODUCTION The hand is one of the most closely studied body segments with respect to sweat secretion, with previous research focussing on its neural control, secretion differences between glabrous and non-glabrous (hairy) skin surfaces, and upon the impact of thermal and non-thermal stimuli on sudomotor function. It is generally considered that the glabrous palmar surfaces are adrenergically activated during times of mental or emotional stress, while the non-glabrous dorsal surfaces are cholinergically innervated, and respond to thermal stimuli (Wolf and Maibach, 1974). However, surprisingly little is known concerning the regional distribution of sweating within the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand. Therefore, in this project, we investigated the distribution of sweating within the hand, and measured sweat rates from ten sites on the dorsal and palmar surfaces during mild hyperthermia. METHODS Ten healthy and physically-active adults, 5 males and 5 females (25.8 SD 2.6 y; 70.9 SD 8.8 kg; 176.4 SD 8.9 cm), rested for 40 min in a heated, climate-controlled chamber (36 o C, 60% relative humidity), whilst wearing a whole-body, water-perfusion suit (Cool Tubesuit, Med- Eng, Ottawa, Canada) perfused with water at 40 o C. Subjects then performed semi-recumbent, incremental cycling (increasing from 50 W by 25-W steps every 15 min). Trials were terminated when core temperature exceeded 39.5 o C for 2 min (N=1) or at volitional fatigue (N=9). The average exercise duration was 61.2 min (range: 45-75 min). Local sweat rates were measured using ventilated sweat capsules (1.40 and 3.16 cm 2 ) positioned at the forehead (reference) and at ten sites of the left hand, distributed across the palmar and dorsal skin surfaces (Figure 1; Clinical Engineering Solutions, NSW, Australia). Palmar sites: palm (centre), thumb (distal phalanx); index finger (proximal phalanx), middle finger (distal phalanx) and little finger (middle phalanx). Dorsal sites: dorsal hand (over the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th metacarpal bones), thumb (distal phalanx), index finger (distal phalanx), middle finger (proximal phalanx) and little (middle phalanx). Only six sweat rates could be recorded simultaneously, so the five remaining capsules were ventilated with room air to sustain a dry skin surface. During rest, only six sites were investigated, while during exercise, capsules were connected to the sweat system in a rotating pattern, leaving one capsule always connected (palm). To control this pattern, two trial sequences were established, with five subjects participating in each sequence. Subsequently, 5 min prior to each work rate increase, sites of sweat measurement were changed so that the five remaining sites were now connected to the sweat system. Changes were performed manually, and were completed within 2 min. This rotation pattern was then continued until the trial terminated. 289
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
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International Conferences on Enviro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
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Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
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Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
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Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
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Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
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Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
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Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
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Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
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Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
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Invited presentation Gravitational
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Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
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Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
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Gravitational Physiology maximum is
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
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Gravitational Physiology Since exer
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Gravitational Physiology During the
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Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
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as observed at rest after LBNP was
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Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
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Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
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Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
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Gravitational Physiology Contractil
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Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
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Diving Physiology A library of imag
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Diving Physiology Information recal
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Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
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Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
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Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
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Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
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Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
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Diving Physiology software. Individ
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Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
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Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
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Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
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Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
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Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
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Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
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Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
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Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
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Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
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Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
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SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
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Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
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Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
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Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
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Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
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Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
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Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
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Invited presentation Cognitive and
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Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
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Cognitive and psychophysiological f
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CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
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Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
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F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
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Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
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9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
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Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
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Clothing parallel It values ranged
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Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
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Clothing and left side chest, scapu
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Clothing studies using an ice vest
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Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
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Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
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Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
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Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
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Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
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38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
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Clothing German) were measured, and
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Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
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Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
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Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
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Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
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Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
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Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
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Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
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Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
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Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
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Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
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Personal protective equipment Invit
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Personal protective equipment fabri
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
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Personal protective equipment the S
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Personal protective equipment DISCU
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Personal protective equipment Final
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Personal protective equipment REFER
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Personal protective equipment Tc wa
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Personal protective equipment level
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F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
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h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
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Personal protective equipment 0.05
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Personal protective equipment was u
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Personal protective equipment THERM
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Personal protective equipment the s
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Personal protective equipment the c
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Personal protective equipment wette
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Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
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Personal protective equipment HEAT
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Personal protective equipment Profi
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Personal protective equipment PHYSI
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Personal protective equipment REDUC
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39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
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Personal protective equipment EXERC
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Personal protective equipment appro
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Page 241 and 242: Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
Page 243 and 244: Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
Page 245 and 246: Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
Page 247 and 248: Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
Page 249 and 250: Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
Page 251 and 252: Non-thermal factors to some categor
Page 253 and 254: Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
Page 255 and 256: Non-thermal factors CHANGES IN BLOO
Page 257 and 258: Non-thermal factors Table 1. Thresh
Page 259 and 260: Non-thermal factors THE DIFFERENCE
Page 261 and 262: Water intake(g) 2000 1800 1600 1400
Page 263 and 264: Non-thermal factors IMPROVED FLUID
Page 265 and 266: Non-thermal factors A tendency for
Page 267 and 268: Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
Page 269 and 270: Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Reg
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Page 281 and 282: Sweating In addition local sweating
Page 283 and 284: Sweating REGIONAL FOOT SWEAT RATES
Page 285 and 286: Sweating REGIONAL SWEAT RATES OF TH
Page 287: Sweating Figure 2 shows the skin te
Page 291 and 292: Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 293 and 294: Sweating REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TO
Page 295 and 296: Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 297 and 298: Sweating MENSTRUAL CYCLE DOES NOT A
Page 299 and 300: Sweating RESULTS On average, the ma
Page 301 and 302: Sweating THE SWEAT SECRETION AND SO
Page 303 and 304: Sweating Figure 1: A quadrant diagr
Page 305 and 306: Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
Page 307 and 308: Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DI
Page 309 and 310: Cold physiology number was estimate
Page 311 and 312: Cold physiology cold receptors decr
Page 313 and 314: Cold physiology EFFECT OF URAPIDIL
Page 315 and 316: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF EXERC
Page 317 and 318: TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODI
Page 319 and 320: Cold physiology REFERENCES Adams, T
Page 321 and 322: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF REPEA
Page 323 and 324: Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF ALTIT
Page 325 and 326: Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
Page 327 and 328: Cold physiology COGNITIVE PERFORMAN
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Page 331 and 332: Cold water immersion REFERENCES Mek
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Cold water immersion surf beaches.
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Cold water immersion Table 1. Break
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Cold water immersion ARM INSULATION
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Cold water immersion RESULTS Experi
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Cold water immersion thermogenesis
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Cold water immersion The other comp
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Cold water immersion REFERENCES And
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Thermal comfort THERMAL SENSATIONS
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Exer - cise PC Wind (m·s -1 ) 0 ne
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Thermal comfort and heart rate usin
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Thermal comfort A NEW METHOD FOR EV
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Thermal comfort DEVELOPMENT OF AN I
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Thermal comfort DISCUSSION This new
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Thermal comfort limit of exposure d
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Table 2: Statistical summary. Gende
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Thermal comfort comfortable”), wh
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Thermal comfort RELATION BETWEEN TH
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Thermal comfort Figure 2. Skin wett
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Thermal comfort THE EVALUATION OF T
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Temp.ˇ ]˘ Jˇ ^ 42 40 38 36 34 32
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time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
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Thermal comfort TCT : THERMAL COMFO
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Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
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Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
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Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
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Acute and chronic heat exposure of
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Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure INT
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probability plot 99 95 80 60 40 20
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Acute and chronic heat exposure HAN
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Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
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Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
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Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
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Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
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Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
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Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
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Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
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Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
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RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
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Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
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Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
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IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
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Manikins cases. If the body is even
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Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
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Manikins clothing system. This effe
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Manikins The coupled system was val
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Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
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Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
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SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
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ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
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Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
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Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
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Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
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Manikins different black 100% cotto
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Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., H
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Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
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Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
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NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
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Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
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Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
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Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
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Modelling simulations the additiona
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Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
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Modelling concomitant increase in b
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Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
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Modelling from the 1988 population.
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Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
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Modelling Each scan data was first
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Modelling The line through the data
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Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
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Modelling measurements are extracte
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Measurement methods not included in
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Measurement methods humidity. The o
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Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
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Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
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Measurement methods and calculated
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Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
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Measurement methods work rates, and
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Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
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Measurement methods highlighted. In
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Invited presentation Universal Ther
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Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
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Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
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Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
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Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
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Universal Thermal Climate Index The
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
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Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
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Universal Thermal Climate Index min
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Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
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Working environment It is interesti
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30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
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Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
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Working environment astigmatism, an
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Working environment RESULTS The hig
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Working environment hearing protect
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Working environment Redistribution
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Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
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Working Environment over the phone
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Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
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Working Environment results, conclu
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Working Environment BP as the refer
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Working Environment significantly a
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Working Environment responses betwe
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Working Environment Casualty handli
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Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
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Working Environment RESULTS The sub
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Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
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Working Environment METHODS Student
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Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
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Working Environment RESULTS The res
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Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
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Employment Standards Results are pr
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Employment Standards to spend free
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Occupational Thermal Problems and d
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Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
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Occupational Thermal Problems some
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Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
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Occupational Thermal Problems range
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
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Occupational Thermal Problems recom
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DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
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Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
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Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
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Occupational Thermal Problems durin
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Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
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Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
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Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
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Occupational Thermal Problems highl
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Occupational Thermal Problems and o
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1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
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Occupational Thermal Problems of a
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Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
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Table 1: Environmental conditions o
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Occupational Thermal Problems The h
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Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
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Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
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Occupational Thermal Problems corre
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Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
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Occupational Thermal Problems All i
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A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
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Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
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Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
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SPONSOR 641
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2007, Piran, Slovenia

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