2007, Piran, Slovenia
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2007, Piran, Slovenia

2007, Piran, Slovenia 2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana 2007 systematic redistribution of sweating, but are merely the consequence of all sites asymptotically approaching their maximal capacities. NON-THERMAL STIMULATION A wide range of non-thermal factors are known to influence sweating, once it has become established. Indeed, this is a focus of an invited presentation at this meeting by Prof. Kondo. We are also investigating the non-thermal influences on sweating, but with a specific interest in how supra-medullary functions (cognitive processing), non-thermal peripheral feedback (pain), and non-thermal feedforward (static exercise) differentially modulate regional sweat secretion. Indeed, following the establishment of steady-state thermal sweating, we have evaluated the impact of these non-thermal influences in resting subjects, studying local sweat rates at more than 50 sites. These data will be presented at the conference. DISCUSSION We have previously shown foot that intra-segmental (foot) sweat rates cannot be assumed to be equivalent (Taylor et al., 2006). We can now extend this fact to include the head, arms, hands, torso and legs. Taken collectively, these facts force one to conclude that it is no longer acceptable for modellers, manufacturers of sweating manikins or clothing manufacturers to assume that either inter- or intra-segmental sweat rates are equivalent. REFERENCES Cotter, J.D., Patterson, M.J., and Taylor, N.A.S. (1995). The topography of eccrine sweating in humans during exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 71:549-554. Cotter, J.D., and Taylor, N.A.S. (2005). Distribution of cutaneous sudomotor and alliesthesial thermosensitivity in mildly heat-stressed humans: an open-loop approach. J. Physiol. 565:335-345. Hertzman, A.B., Randall, W.C., Peiss, C.N., and Seckendorf, R. (1953). Regional rates of evaporation from the skin at various environmental temperatures. J. Appl. Physiol. 5:153- 161. Höfler, W. (1968). Changes in regional distribution of sweating during acclimatization to heat. J. Appl. Physiol. 25:503-505. Hwang, K., Baik, S.H. (1997). Distribution of hairs and sweat glands on the bodies of Korean adults: a morphometric study. Acta Anat. 158:112-120. Inoue, Y., Havenith, G., Kenney, W.L., Loomis, J.L., Buskirk, E.R. (1999). Exercise- and methylcholine-induced sweating responses in older and younger men: effect of heat acclimation and aerobic fitness. Int. J. Biometeor. 42:210-216. Knip, A. (1977). Ethnic studies on sweat gland counts. In: Weiner, J.S. Physiological variation and its genetic basis. Taylor and Francis, London. Pp. 113-123. Kuno, Y. (1956). Human perspiration. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield. Park, S.A., and Tamura, T. (1992). Distribution of evaporation rate on human body surface. Ann. Physiol. Anthrop. 11:593-609 Patterson, M.J., Stocks, J.M., and Taylor, N.A.S. (2004). Humid heat acclimation does not elicit a preferential sweat redistribution towards the limbs. Am. J. Physiol. 286:R512-R518. Randall, W.C., and Hertzman, A.B. (1953). Dermatomal recruitment of sweating. J. Appl. Physiol. 5:399-409. Szabo, G. (1962). The number of eccrine sweat glands in human skin. Adv. Biol. Skin. 3:1-5. Szabo, G. (1967). The regional anatomy of the human integument with special reference to the distribution of hair follicles, sweat glands and melanocytes. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Series B. 252:447-485. 268

Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Regional differences in cutaneous thermal sensitivity. In: Werner, J., and Hexamer, M. (Eds.). Environmental Ergonomics IX. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany. Pp. 237-241. Taylor, N.A.S. (2006). Ethnic differences in thermoregulation: genotypic versus phenotypic heat adaptation. J. Thermal Biol. 31:90-104. Taylor, N.A.S., Caldwell, J.N., and Mekjavic, I.B. (2006). The sweating foot: local differences in sweat secretion during exercise-induced hyperthermia. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 77:1020-1027. Thompson, M.L. (1954). A comparison between the number and distribution of functioning eccrine glands in Europeans and Africans. J. Physiol. 123:225-233. Weiner, J.S. (1945). The regional distribution of sweating. J. Physiol. 104:32-40. 269

Sweating<br />

Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Regional differences in cutaneous thermal sensitivity. In: Werner, J.,<br />

and Hexamer, M. (Eds.). Environmental Ergonomics IX. Shaker Verlag, Aachen,<br />

Germany. Pp. 237-241.<br />

Taylor, N.A.S. (2006). Ethnic differences in thermoregulation: genotypic versus phenotypic<br />

heat adaptation. J. Thermal Biol. 31:90-104.<br />

Taylor, N.A.S., Caldwell, J.N., and Mekjavic, I.B. (2006). The sweating foot: local<br />

differences in sweat secretion during exercise-induced hyperthermia. Aviat. Space Environ.<br />

Med. 77:1020-1027.<br />

Thompson, M.L. (1954). A comparison between the number and distribution of functioning<br />

eccrine glands in Europeans and Africans. J. Physiol. 123:225-233.<br />

Weiner, J.S. (1945). The regional distribution of sweating. J. Physiol. 104:32-40.<br />

269

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