2007, Piran, Slovenia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Environmental Ergonomics XII Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong> Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K. and Thomas, K. T., 1999. A generalised rank-order method for nonparametric analysis of data from exercise science: A tutorial. Res. Quart. Exer. Sport 70, 11-23. Young, A.J., Sawka, M.N., Epstein, Y., Decristofano, B. & Pandolf, K.B., 1987. Cooling different body surfaces during upper and lower body exercise. J. App. Physiol. 63, 1218-1223. 232
Personal protective equipment EXERCISING IN COMBAT ARMOUR AND HELMETS IN HOT- HUMID CONDITIONS: THE STRAW THAT BROKE THE CAMEL’S BACK Joanne N. Caldwell 1 , Lian Engelen 1 , Charles van der Henst 1 , Mark J. Patterson 2 , Nigel A.S. Taylor 1 1 Human Performance Laboratories, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, and 2 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Melbourne, Australia Contact person: nigel_taylor@uow.edu.au INTRODUCTION Metabolic and external heat sources are equally capable of elevating body core temperature in individuals working in hot environments. When heat loss avenues are impeded by clothing and protective equipment, the risk of exertional heat stress is further increased. There are various work-rest guidance tables available within the literature, some of these have correction factors for variations in clothing insulation, such that rest periods are lengthened and work periods shortened when clothing insulation is increased (TBMED 507). However, there is a paucity of experimental data upon which such modifications may be based. An absence of such empirical data may result either in an increased risk of exertional heat illness, or compromised operational capability, if physiological strain is over-estimated (Danielsson and Bergh, 2005). Therefore, the aim of this project was to assess the impact of wearing such body armour on physiological and cognitive function in hot-humid conditions. METHODS The physiological and cognitive impact of wearing combat body armour was evaluated at work intensities that represented those associated with an urban patrol in hot-humid conditions (36°C, 60% relative humidity), with a substantial radiant heat source (infra-red lamps). Nine physically-active males participated in three, exercise and heat stress trials, walking for 2.5 h at two intensities (0.56 m.s -1 (1.5 h) and 1.11 m.s -1 )). Trials differed only in the equipment worn: control trial: disruptive pattern (camouflage) combat uniform with a cloth hat (clothing mass: 2.05 kg; insulation 0.29 m 2 K.W -1 ); torso armour trial: disruptive pattern combat uniform plus combat body armour (Aramid-lined vest with ceramic-plate inserts) covering the chest and back (Hellweg, Australia; 6.07 kg) with a cloth hat (total ensemble mass: 8.12 kg); and torso armour and helmet trial: disruptive pattern combat uniform, combat body armour (chest and back) and combat helmet (Aramid construction; Rabintex Industries Pty. Ltd., Australia (1.29 kg); total ensemble mass: 9.41 kg). Physiological variables included insulated auditory canal temperature (Edale Instruments Ltd, Cambridge, U.K.), skin temperatures from eight sites (Type EU, Yellow Springs Instruments Co. Ltd., Yellow Springs, OH, U.S.A.), heart rate (Polar Electro Sports Tester, Finland), and gross mass changes (corrected for drinking, urine production and sweat retained within the clothing and body armour). At 15-min intervals, data were collected for perceived work effort (15-point Borg scale), thermal sensation and thermal discomfort. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Cog rapid assessment battery (Shephard and Kosslyn, 2005) administered via a personal digital assistant (PDA, PalmOne, Tungsten C, U.S.A.), following 8-10 h of preliminary training. The following tests were administered at 30-min intervals during each trial: vigilance; three-term reasoning; filtering; verbal working memory, divided attention and perceptual reaction time. 233
Page 1 and 2:
ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
Page 3 and 4:
ENVIRONMENTAL ERGONOMICS XII Procee
Page 5 and 6:
International Conferences on Enviro
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
Page 9 and 10:
Table of contents ALTITUDE ATTENUAT
Page 11 and 12:
Table of contents TOWARDS PREVENTIO
Page 13 and 14:
Table of contents RATE AFFECT EXERC
Page 15 and 16:
Table of contents Uroš Dobnikar, S
Page 17 and 18:
Table of contents TO A HOT ENVIRONM
Page 19 and 20:
Table of contents Andreas D. Flouri
Page 21 and 22:
Table of contents PHYSICAL FITNESS
Page 23 and 24:
Table of contents ESTIMATION OF THE
Page 25 and 26:
Herman Potocnic Lecture the advanta
Page 27 and 28:
Invited presentation Gravitational
Page 29 and 30:
Gravitational Physiology SKELETAL M
Page 31 and 32:
Lf (mm) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 Fa
Page 33 and 34:
Gravitational Physiology maximum is
Page 35 and 36:
Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
Page 37 and 38:
Gravitational Physiology THE EXERCI
Page 39 and 40:
Gravitational Physiology Since exer
Page 41 and 42:
Gravitational Physiology During the
Page 43 and 44:
Gravitational Physiology CARDIOVASC
Page 45 and 46:
as observed at rest after LBNP was
Page 47 and 48:
Gravitational Physiology THERMOREGU
Page 49 and 50:
Gravitational Physiology THE EFFECT
Page 51 and 52:
Gravitational Physiology Fortney SM
Page 53 and 54:
Gravitational Physiology Contractil
Page 55 and 56:
Gravitational Physiology Edgerton V
Page 57 and 58:
Diving Physiology A library of imag
Page 59 and 60:
Diving Physiology Information recal
Page 61 and 62:
Diving Physiology RESULTS Figure 1
Page 63 and 64:
Diving Physiology sensitivity is no
Page 65 and 66:
Diving Physiology Physiological Mea
Page 67 and 68:
Diving Physiology same sequence. Th
Page 69 and 70:
Diving Physiology HYPERVENTILATION
Page 71 and 72:
Diving Physiology software. Individ
Page 73 and 74:
Diving Physiology REFERENCES IMCA.
Page 75 and 76:
Diving Physiology recorded (MIE Med
Page 77 and 78:
Diving Physiology DISCUSSION The ma
Page 79 and 80:
Altitude Physiology vastus laterali
Page 81 and 82:
Altitude Physiology IS INTERMITTENT
Page 83 and 84:
Altitude Physiology Table 2: Lactat
Page 85 and 86:
Altitude Physiology CARBOHYDRATE IN
Page 87 and 88:
Altitude Physiology Figure 1: Mean
Page 89 and 90:
Altitude Physiology HYPOXIA INDUCED
Page 91 and 92:
Altitude Physiology Figure 1. Mean
Page 93 and 94:
Altitude Physiology ANALYSIS OF MUS
Page 95 and 96:
SOL MG TA BF VM Altitude Physiology
Page 97 and 98:
Altitude Physiology LOAD CARRIAGE I
Page 99 and 100:
Table 2: Differential ratings of pe
Page 101 and 102:
Altitude Physiology EFFECTS OF INTE
Page 103 and 104:
Cerebral deoxy-Hb (delta, µM) Cere
Page 105 and 106:
Altitude Physiology ENDURANCE RESPI
Page 107 and 108:
Altitude Physiology Wylegala JA, Pe
Page 109 and 110:
Invited presentation Cognitive and
Page 111 and 112:
Cognitive and Psycophysiological Fu
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Cognitive and psychophysiological f
Page 131 and 132:
CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SCIENCE 131
Page 133 and 134:
Clothing SPACER FABRICS IN OUTDOOR
Page 135 and 136:
F i / g m -2 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,
Page 137 and 138:
Clothing TOTAL EVAPORATIVE RESISTAN
Page 139 and 140:
9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0
Page 141 and 142:
Clothing DIFFERENCES IN CLOTHING IN
Page 143 and 144:
Clothing parallel It values ranged
Page 145 and 146:
Clothing CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJEC
Page 147 and 148:
Clothing and left side chest, scapu
Page 149 and 150:
Clothing studies using an ice vest
Page 151 and 152:
Insulation (Clo) (Clo) Clo / kg 6 5
Page 153 and 154:
Clothing EFFECTS OF MOISTURE TRANSP
Page 155 and 156:
Clothing the P plots above 60%RH (p
Page 157 and 158:
Clothing EFFECT OF CLOTHING INSULAT
Page 159 and 160:
Clothing EFFECTS OF QUILT AND MATTR
Page 161 and 162:
38 33 28 23 18 0 30 60 90 120 150 m
Page 163 and 164:
Clothing German) were measured, and
Page 165 and 166:
Clothing Metabolism decreased and w
Page 167 and 168:
Clothing Table 1. Comparison of ski
Page 169 and 170:
Clothing PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AT
Page 171 and 172:
Clothing underwear at 25 °C in per
Page 173 and 174:
Clothing REDUCTION OF HEAT STRESS I
Page 175 and 176:
Clothing THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PH
Page 177 and 178:
Relative humidity (%) Clothing Figu
Page 179 and 180:
Clothing DEVELOPMENT OF THE “WEAR
Page 181 and 182: Clothing EFFECTS OF AIR GAPS UNDER
Page 183 and 184: Temper at ur e( ˇ ć) 28.5 27.5 26
Page 185 and 186: Personal protective equipment Invit
Page 187 and 188: Personal protective equipment fabri
Page 189 and 190: Personal protective equipment PHYSI
Page 191 and 192: Mean skin temperature (ºC) 38.0 37
Page 193 and 194: Personal protective equipment the S
Page 195 and 196: Personal protective equipment DISCU
Page 197 and 198: Personal protective equipment Final
Page 199 and 200: Personal protective equipment REFER
Page 201 and 202: Personal protective equipment Tc wa
Page 203 and 204: Personal protective equipment level
Page 205 and 206: F i / g m -2 300 250 200 150 100 50
Page 207 and 208: h M / % 90 80 70 60 50 40 activity
Page 209 and 210: Personal protective equipment 0.05
Page 211 and 212: Personal protective equipment was u
Page 213 and 214: Personal protective equipment THERM
Page 215 and 216: Personal protective equipment the s
Page 217 and 218: Personal protective equipment the c
Page 219 and 220: Personal protective equipment wette
Page 221 and 222: Table 1 1. Properties of the tested
Page 223 and 224: Personal protective equipment HEAT
Page 225 and 226: Personal protective equipment Profi
Page 227 and 228: Personal protective equipment PHYSI
Page 229 and 230: Personal protective equipment REDUC
Page 231: 39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.5 40.0
Page 235 and 236: Personal protective equipment appro
Page 237 and 238: Personal protective equipment Table
Page 239 and 240: Personal protective equipment reduc
Page 241 and 242: Invited presentation Non-thermal fa
Page 243 and 244: Non-thermal factors heat loss by al
Page 245 and 246: Non-thermal factors DOES A FATIGUE-
Page 247 and 248: Non-thermal factors cycling, despit
Page 249 and 250: Non-thermal factors INDIVIDUAL VARI
Page 251 and 252: Non-thermal factors to some categor
Page 253 and 254: Non-thermal factors RATES OF TOTAL
Page 255 and 256: Non-thermal factors CHANGES IN BLOO
Page 257 and 258: Non-thermal factors Table 1. Thresh
Page 259 and 260: Non-thermal factors THE DIFFERENCE
Page 261 and 262: Water intake(g) 2000 1800 1600 1400
Page 263 and 264: Non-thermal factors IMPROVED FLUID
Page 265 and 266: Non-thermal factors A tendency for
Page 267 and 268: Sweating Table 1: Sweat gland count
Page 269 and 270: Sweating Taylor, N.A.S. (2000). Reg
Page 271 and 272: Sweating back/waist area and finall
Page 273 and 274: Figure 1: A chrome dome following p
Page 275 and 276: Sweating Such differences could be
Page 277 and 278: Sweating the forearm and thigh skin
Page 279 and 280: Sweating dramatically after puberty
Page 281 and 282: Sweating In addition local sweating
Page 283 and 284:
Sweating REGIONAL FOOT SWEAT RATES
Page 285 and 286:
Sweating REGIONAL SWEAT RATES OF TH
Page 287 and 288:
Sweating Figure 2 shows the skin te
Page 289 and 290:
Sweating SWEATY HANDS: DIFFERENCES
Page 291 and 292:
Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 293 and 294:
Sweating REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TO
Page 295 and 296:
Sweating Figure 2: Inter-site sweat
Page 297 and 298:
Sweating MENSTRUAL CYCLE DOES NOT A
Page 299 and 300:
Sweating RESULTS On average, the ma
Page 301 and 302:
Sweating THE SWEAT SECRETION AND SO
Page 303 and 304:
Sweating Figure 1: A quadrant diagr
Page 305 and 306:
Invited presentation FINGER COLD IN
Page 307 and 308:
Cold physiology INTRA-INDIVIDUAL DI
Page 309 and 310:
Cold physiology number was estimate
Page 311 and 312:
Cold physiology cold receptors decr
Page 313 and 314:
Cold physiology EFFECT OF URAPIDIL
Page 315 and 316:
Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF EXERC
Page 317 and 318:
TRAINABILITY OF COLD INDUCED VASODI
Page 319 and 320:
Cold physiology REFERENCES Adams, T
Page 321 and 322:
Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF REPEA
Page 323 and 324:
Cold physiology THE EFFECT OF ALTIT
Page 325 and 326:
Cold physiology SKIN SURFACE MENTHO
Page 327 and 328:
Cold physiology COGNITIVE PERFORMAN
Page 329 and 330:
Seconds 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5
Page 331 and 332:
Cold water immersion REFERENCES Mek
Page 333 and 334:
Cold water immersion the formula: M
Page 335 and 336:
Cold water immersion REFERENCES Cho
Page 337 and 338:
Cold water immersion were: 1 metre
Page 339 and 340:
Cold water immersion surf beaches.
Page 341 and 342:
Cold water immersion Table 1. Break
Page 343 and 344:
Cold water immersion ARM INSULATION
Page 345 and 346:
Cold water immersion RESULTS Experi
Page 347 and 348:
Cold water immersion thermogenesis
Page 349 and 350:
Cold water immersion The other comp
Page 351 and 352:
Cold water immersion REFERENCES And
Page 353 and 354:
Thermal comfort THERMAL SENSATIONS
Page 355 and 356:
Exer - cise PC Wind (m·s -1 ) 0 ne
Page 357 and 358:
Thermal comfort and heart rate usin
Page 359 and 360:
Thermal comfort A NEW METHOD FOR EV
Page 361 and 362:
Thermal comfort DEVELOPMENT OF AN I
Page 363 and 364:
Thermal comfort DISCUSSION This new
Page 365 and 366:
Thermal comfort limit of exposure d
Page 367 and 368:
Table 2: Statistical summary. Gende
Page 369 and 370:
Thermal comfort comfortable”), wh
Page 371 and 372:
Thermal comfort RELATION BETWEEN TH
Page 373 and 374:
Thermal comfort Figure 2. Skin wett
Page 375 and 376:
Thermal comfort THE EVALUATION OF T
Page 377 and 378:
Temp.ˇ ]˘ Jˇ ^ 42 40 38 36 34 32
Page 379 and 380:
time(min) Thermal comfort WHY DO JA
Page 381 and 382:
Thermal comfort TCT : THERMAL COMFO
Page 383 and 384:
Thermal comfort INTERNATIONAL STAND
Page 385 and 386:
Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
Page 387 and 388:
Acute and chronic heat exposure Fig
Page 389 and 390:
Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
Page 391 and 392:
Acute and chronic heat exposure 2.2
Page 393 and 394:
Acute and chronic heat exposure EFF
Page 395 and 396:
Acute and chronic heat exposure A N
Page 397 and 398:
Acute and chronic heat exposure of
Page 399 and 400:
Acute and chronic heat exposure PHY
Page 401 and 402:
Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
Page 403 and 404:
Acute and chronic heat exposure INT
Page 405 and 406:
probability plot 99 95 80 60 40 20
Page 407 and 408:
Acute and chronic heat exposure HAN
Page 409 and 410:
Acute and chronic heat exposure ALL
Page 411 and 412:
Acute and chronic heat exposure Tab
Page 413 and 414:
Acute and chronic heat exposure UNC
Page 415 and 416:
Thermal Sensation Scale 10 9 8 7 6
Page 417 and 418:
Acute and chronic heat exposure RES
Page 419 and 420:
Acute and chronic heat exposure eve
Page 421 and 422:
Acute and chronic heat exposure 30%
Page 423 and 424:
Acute and chronic heat exposure REF
Page 425 and 426:
RADIANT FLOW THROUGH BICYCLE HELMET
Page 427 and 428:
Figure 2. Difference in heat transf
Page 429 and 430:
Manikins DEVELOPMENT OF A LYING DOW
Page 431 and 432:
IT = 6.45( _ ,Tsk - _ ,Tair)/(Q/A)
Page 433 and 434:
Manikins cases. If the body is even
Page 435 and 436:
Heat balance components 100% 80% 60
Page 437 and 438:
Manikins clothing system. This effe
Page 439 and 440:
Manikins The coupled system was val
Page 441 and 442:
Manikins A NOVEL APPROACH TO MODEL-
Page 443 and 444:
Manikins THERMAL MANIKIN EVALUATION
Page 445 and 446:
SR (g/min) Figure 2. Predictive mod
Page 447 and 448:
ESTIMATION OF COOLING EFFECT OF ICE
Page 449 and 450:
Manikins Figure 3: Comparison among
Page 451 and 452:
Manikins EVALUATION OF THE ARMY BOO
Page 453 and 454:
Ty [Nm] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10
Page 455 and 456:
Manikins different black 100% cotto
Page 457 and 458:
Manikins REFERENCES Bogerd, C.P., H
Page 459 and 460:
Modelling RESULTS From this kind of
Page 461 and 462:
Modelling (T , T , V& , ) = 1. 0 +
Page 463 and 464:
NORMALIZED CVCL 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M
Page 465 and 466:
Modelling illustrated in Figure 1.
Page 467 and 468:
Modelling MODELLING PATIENT TEMPERA
Page 469 and 470:
Modelling Figure 1: Blood and mean
Page 471 and 472:
Modelling simulations the additiona
Page 473 and 474:
Modelling Table 1. Descriptive summ
Page 475 and 476:
Modelling concomitant increase in b
Page 477 and 478:
Modelling REFERENCES 1. U.S. Depart
Page 479 and 480:
Modelling from the 1988 population.
Page 481 and 482:
Modelling somatotypes in multivaria
Page 483 and 484:
Modelling Each scan data was first
Page 485 and 486:
Modelling The line through the data
Page 487 and 488:
Hip( width) −Waist ( width ) HW
Page 489 and 490:
Modelling measurements are extracte
Page 491 and 492:
Measurement methods not included in
Page 493 and 494:
Measurement methods humidity. The o
Page 495 and 496:
Measurement methods DISCUSSION Base
Page 497 and 498:
Air film Skin surface Skin layer δ
Page 499 and 500:
Measurement methods and calculated
Page 501 and 502:
Rectal temperature ( o C) 39.5 39.0
Page 503 and 504:
Measurement methods work rates, and
Page 505 and 506:
Measurement methods HUMIDEX: CAN TH
Page 507 and 508:
Measurement methods highlighted. In
Page 509 and 510:
Invited presentation Universal Ther
Page 511 and 512:
Universal Thermal Climate Index dat
Page 513 and 514:
Universal Thermal Climate Index DYN
Page 515 and 516:
Universal Thermal Climate Index DIS
Page 517 and 518:
Universal Thermal Climate Index COM
Page 519 and 520:
Skin temperature (°C) Universal Th
Page 521 and 522:
Universal Thermal Climate Index PRO
Page 523 and 524:
Universal Thermal Climate Index The
Page 525 and 526:
Universal Thermal Climate Index ASS
Page 527 and 528:
Universal Thermal Climate Index ima
Page 529 and 530:
Universal Thermal Climate Index min
Page 531 and 532:
Working environment EFFECTS OF LIGH
Page 533 and 534:
Working environment It is interesti
Page 535 and 536:
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 12 Working en
Page 537 and 538:
Working environment ERGONOMICS OPTI
Page 539 and 540:
Working environment astigmatism, an
Page 541 and 542:
Working environment RESULTS The hig
Page 543 and 544:
Working environment hearing protect
Page 545 and 546:
Working environment Redistribution
Page 547 and 548:
Working environment DISCUSSION Thes
Page 549 and 550:
Working Environment over the phone
Page 551 and 552:
Working Environment DISCUSSION Diff
Page 553 and 554:
Working Environment results, conclu
Page 555 and 556:
Working Environment BP as the refer
Page 557 and 558:
Working Environment significantly a
Page 559 and 560:
Working Environment responses betwe
Page 561 and 562:
Working Environment Casualty handli
Page 563 and 564:
Working Environment REFERENCES Davi
Page 565 and 566:
Working Environment RESULTS The sub
Page 567 and 568:
Temperature (C) 35 33 31 29 27 25 2
Page 569 and 570:
Working Environment METHODS Student
Page 571 and 572:
Working Environment ANTHROPOGENIC I
Page 573 and 574:
Working Environment RESULTS The res
Page 575 and 576:
Employment Standards VISUAL ACUITY
Page 577 and 578:
Employment Standards Results are pr
Page 579 and 580:
Employment Standards to spend free
Page 581 and 582:
Occupational Thermal Problems and d
Page 583 and 584:
Occupational Thermal Problems HEAT
Page 585 and 586:
Occupational Thermal Problems some
Page 587 and 588:
Occupational Thermal Problems HORSE
Page 589 and 590:
Occupational Thermal Problems range
Page 591 and 592:
Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
Page 593 and 594:
Occupational Thermal Problems DISCU
Page 595 and 596:
Occupational Thermal Problems recom
Page 597 and 598:
DLEmin [hours] 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0
Page 599 and 600:
Occupational Thermal Problems EFFEC
Page 601 and 602:
Occupational Thermal Problems PERIP
Page 603 and 604:
Occupational Thermal Problems durin
Page 605 and 606:
Occupational Thermal Problems PRODU
Page 607 and 608:
Time (hours) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,
Page 609 and 610:
Occupational Thermal Problems (Suun
Page 611 and 612:
Occupational Thermal Problems highl
Page 613 and 614:
Occupational Thermal Problems and o
Page 615 and 616:
1) estimated (208 - 0.7 x age) *P
Page 617 and 618:
Occupational Thermal Problems of a
Page 619 and 620:
Occupational Thermal Problems tempe
Page 621 and 622:
Table 1: Environmental conditions o
Page 623 and 624:
Occupational Thermal Problems The h
Page 625 and 626:
Occupational Thermal Problems RESUL
Page 627 and 628:
Occupational Thermal Problems PHYSI
Page 629 and 630:
Occupational Thermal Problems corre
Page 631 and 632:
Occupational Thermal Problems DEVEL
Page 633 and 634:
Occupational Thermal Problems All i
Page 635 and 636:
A Adolfsson Niklas 540 Ainslie Phil
Page 637 and 638:
Kim Myung-Ju 409 Kim Taegyou 189 Kl
Page 639 and 640:
Sormunen Erja 599 Spindler Uli 145
Page 641:
SPONSOR 641
show all

2007, Piran, Slovenia

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?