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2007, Piran, Slovenia

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Environmental Ergonomics XII<br />

Igor B. Mekjavic, Stelios N. Kounalakis & Nigel A.S. Taylor (Eds.), © BIOMED, Ljubljana <strong>2007</strong><br />

DISCUSSION<br />

These findings indicate that marksmanship, which in this case required intense, but<br />

short-term focus (i.e., 6 s or less), can be competently managed under significant<br />

levels of physiological strain. While fatigue delayed the detection of a target, it did<br />

not adversely affect its engagement, as if the individual became sufficiently aroused<br />

and invariant to their state of physiological strain after they had detected a target. This<br />

suggests that it would be naïve to simply extrapolate the negative effects of stressors<br />

on psychomotor performance, as reported by others, to marksmanship. The impact (or<br />

lack of) of various stressors on psychomotor performance, in general, should be<br />

considered task-specific.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Gillingham, R.L., Keefe, A.A., Tikuisis, P., 2004. Acute caffeine ingestion improves<br />

target detection and rifle firing speed following fatiguing exercise. Aviat. Space<br />

Environ. Med. 75, 865-871.<br />

Tikuisis, P., Keefe, A.A., McLellan, T.M., Kamimori, G., 2004. Caffeine restores<br />

engagement speed but not shooting precision following 22 h of active<br />

wakefulness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 73, 771-776.<br />

Tikuisis, P., Keefe, A.A., 2005. Heat strain at high levels does not degrade target<br />

detection and rifle marksmanship. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 76, 963-969.<br />

Tikuisis, P., Keefe, A.A., <strong>2007</strong>. Effects of Cold Strain on Simulated Sentry Duty and<br />

Marksmanship. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 78, 399-407.<br />

Tikuisis, P., Ponikvar, M., Keefe, A.A., Abel, S.M., <strong>2007</strong>. Target Detection,<br />

Identification, and Marksmanship of Soldiers Exposed to Battlefield Noise. Mil.<br />

Psychol. (in press).<br />

112

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