SHARKS

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420 Sharks Similar families occurring in the area Pseudocarchariidae:the wide-ranging oceanic crocodile shark (Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) is virtually circumtropical in distribution. It is currently not known from Area 31 but is likely to occur here as it has been caught off northern Brazil and in the eastern Atlantic. It differs from Odontaspididae in having a slimmer body, gill slits higher and reaching onto dorsal sides of head, Pseudocarchariidae eyes larger, no true labial furrows, dorsal and anal fins lower, a weak lateral keel on caudal peduncle, both upper and lower precaudal pits present, and in reaching a size of less than 1.3 m. Megachasmidae: the rare but wide-ranging oceanic megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) may be circumtropical in distribution but is currently known from spotty records in the Pacific (Japan, California, Indonesia, Philippines, and Hawaii), South Africa, Indian Ocean Megachasmidae off Australia, and in the Atlantic off Senegal and southern Brazil. This giant plankton-feeding shark is currently not known from Area 31 but is to be expected here. It differs from Odontaspididae in having a very short, broadly rounded snout, huge terminal mouth with numerous small, hooked teeth in both jaws, very long head, gill-raker papillae on its internal gill slits, narrow leaf-shaped pectoral fins with origins under third gill slits, Triakidae a soft, flabby body, and in attaining a larger size, 4.5 to 5.4 m long. Proscylliidae, Triakidae, and Carcharhinidae: nictitating eyelids present, anterior teeth not greatly enlarged, no intermediate teeth between anteriors and laterals, intestinal valve of spiral or scroll type. Key to the species of Odontaspididae occurring in the area 1a. Snout short and somewhat flattened; eyes very small; 3 rows of anterior teeth on either side of upper symphysis; dorsal and anal fins about equal in size, first dorsal fin closer to pelvic-fin than to pectoral-fin bases (Fig. 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carcharias taurus 1b. Snout longer, bulbous and conical; eyes large; 2 rows of large anterior teeth on either side of upper symphysis; first dorsal fin markedly larger than the second, closer to pectoral-fin than to pelvic-fin bases; second dorsal fin larger than anal fin (Fig. 2) . . . . . . . (Odontaspis) 2 Fig. 1 Carcharias taurus teeth, ventral view of head, and lateral view of body Fig. 2 Odontaspis teeth, ventral view of head, and lateral view of body
Lamniformes: Odontaspididae 421 2a. Anal fin high; teeth with mostly 2 or 3 cusplets on each side; 3 to 5 pairs of intermediate teeth present; ventral caudal lobe short but strong; colour grey or grey-brown above, lighter below, often with darker spots on sides, no light patch on first dorsal fin (Fig. 3) . . . Odontaspis ferox 2b. Anal fin lower; teeth usually with a single cusplet on each side; 1 to 3 pairs of intermediate teeth present; ventral caudal lobe hardly developed; colour blackish or brownish black above and below, often with a light patch on the first dorsal fin . . . . . . . . Odontaspis noronhai Fig. 3 Odontaspis ferox Fig. 4 Odontaspis noronhai List of species occurring in the area The symbol is given when species accounts are included. Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810. Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810). Odontaspis noronhai (Maul, 1955). References Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder. 1948. Sharks. In Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., (1)1:56-576. Bonfil, R. 1995. Is the ragged-tooth shark cosmopolitan? First record from the Western North Atlantic. J. Fish Biol. (London), 47(2):341-344. Branstetter, S. and J.E. McEachran. 1986. A first record of Odontaspis noronhai (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae) for the Western North Atlantic, with notes on two uncommon sharks from the Gulf of Mexico.NE Gulf Sci., 8(2):153-160. Compagno, L.J.V. 1978. Odontaspididae. In FAO species identification sheets for fisheries purposes. Western Central Atlantic, (Fishing Area 31), W. Fischer, ed. Volume V. Rome, FAO (unpaginated). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4, Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.4,Pt.1:250 p. Menni, R., C. Fabio H.V. Hazin, and R.P.T. Lessa. 1995. Occurrence of the ragged-tooth shark, Odontaspis ferox, inthe western equatorial Atlantic. Chondros, 5(4):3-4. Sadowsky, V., A.F. de Amorim, and C.A. Arfelli. 1984. Second occurrence of Odontaspis noronhai. Bol. Inst. Pesc. (Sao Paulo), 11(1):69-79. Sheehan, T.F. 1998. First record of the ragged-tooth shark, Odontaspis ferox, off the U.S. Atlantic Coast. Mar. Fish. Rev., 60(1):33-34.
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Technical Terms and Measurements 35
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General Remarks 361 few museum spec
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Key to Families 363 KEY TO FAMILIES
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Key to Families 365 12a. Head with
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Key to Families 367 22a. Origin of
Page 13 and 14: List of Families and Species 369 DA
Page 15 and 16: List of Families and Species 371 SP
Page 17 and 18: Hexanchiformes: Chlamydoselachidae
Page 19 and 20: Hexanchiformes: Hexanchidae 375 Key
Page 21 and 22: Squaliformes: Echinorhinidae 377 A
Page 23 and 24: Squaliformes: Squalidae 379 SQUALID
Page 25 and 26: Squaliformes: Squalidae 381 3a. Dis
Page 27 and 28: Squaliformes: Squalidae 383 Squalus
Page 29 and 30: Squaliformes: Squalidae 385 Squalus
Page 31 and 32: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae 387 Sq
Page 33 and 34: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae 389 4a
Page 35 and 36: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae 391 Ce
Page 37 and 38: click for previous page Squaliforme
Page 39 and 40: Squaliformes: Etmopteridae 395 Key
Page 41 and 42: Squaliformes: Etmopteridae 397 List
Page 43 and 44: Squaliformes: Etmopteridae 399 Etmo
Page 45 and 46: Squaliformes: Etmopteridae 401 Etmo
Page 47 and 48: Squaliformes: Somniosidae 403 Squal
Page 49 and 50: Squaliformes: Somniosidae 405 List
Page 51 and 52: Squaliformes: Somniosidae 407 Zameu
Page 53 and 54: Squaliformes: Oxynotidae 409 Echino
Page 55 and 56: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae 411 Squali
Page 57 and 58: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae 413 Dalati
Page 59 and 60: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae 415 Ord
Page 61 and 62: Pristiophoriformes: Pristiophoridae
Page 63: click for previous page Lamniformes
Page 67 and 68: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae 423 Odo
Page 69 and 70: Lamniformes: Mitsukurinidae 425 A s
Page 71 and 72: Lamniformes: Alopiidae 427 ALOPIIDA
Page 73 and 74: Lamniformes: Alopiidae 429 Alopias
Page 75 and 76: Lamniformes: Cetorhinidae 431 A sin
Page 77 and 78: Lamniformes: Lamnidae 433 LAMNIDAE
Page 79 and 80: Lamniformes: Lamnidae 435 List of s
Page 81 and 82: Lamniformes: Lamnidae 437 Isurus ox
Page 83 and 84: Lamniformes: Lamnidae 439 Lamna nas
Page 85 and 86: Orectolobiformes: Ginglymostomatida
Page 87 and 88: Orectolobiformes: Rhincodontidae 44
Page 89 and 90: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae 4
Page 101 and 102: Carcharhinidormes: Proscylliidae 45
Page 103 and 104: Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae 459 Si
Page 105 and 106: Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae 461 Mu
Page 111 and 112: Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae 4
Page 113 and 114: Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae 4
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Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae 4
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click for previous page Carcharhini
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Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae 499 4
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Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae 501 S
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SHARKS

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