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92 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY IBull.103 and divisional chiefs. Thus, in 1748, the chief of the eastern town of Holihta asha is called head chief of the Choctaw, while Franchimastabe, who occupied that position in 1787, belonged to West Yazoo. At one time during the French regime the chief of the eastern divi- sion lived at Ibetap ol^la, probably the larger town of the name, but in a council held in 1787 the spokesman for this group was the chief of Okalusa. During the early period of French intercourse the leadership of the Sixtown section seems to have rested with the chief of Chickasawhay, and upon his town the six towns proper are said to have depended, but at another time the headship seems to have been with Nashobawenya, while in 1784 it was in Oskelagna. While some of our informants may have been mistaken, it is evi- dent that the head chiefships were not definitely located in any one town. Evidently merit and popularity determined leadership. In spite of what has been said regarding the limited authority of the national leader, it was not entirely negligible because, in 1731, the "Considere" or Honored Man of Okalusa awaited his consent before going out to fight the Chickasaw.^* The institution of a second or vice chief seems to have been usual, and this is said to be preserved in Mississippi down to the present day. Plead and second chiefs are often mentioned in the documents. In a Spanish letter written in 1792 the statement is made that the head chief of the Choctaw, at that time Franchimastabe, had the right " according to their laws to leave his position to the Indian who pleased him best (quien segun sus leyes tiene el arritrio de dejar su empleo al Indio que guste)," but undoubtedly this power could be exercised only within certain limits set by public sentiment. There were probably other officials and no doubt, as in the case of the Creeks, usage varied between town and town. This lends interest to the following list of chiefs to whom presents were made by the French officer, Du Roullet, in 1729 Village of Koweh Cliito Mingo teliito (Mi"ko chito), head chief [of the nation], capitan§. Oulatimataha (Holahta imataha). Soulouche oumastabe (Shulush hummastabe). Atakabe mingo (Hatak abe mi°ko). Pakanaoulacta (Pakna holahta). Mingo tcito ouchi (Mi°ko chito ushi). Eyachoumataha (lyasha imataha, or Yashu imataha). Village of Boiiktoiikoulou Atach§ mingo (Atashi mi"ko), the town chief. Chikacha oulakta (Chikasha holahta). Tascanangouchi (Tashka nanukachi). " Du Roullet Ms. In the French archives.
SWANTON] CHOCTAW SOCIAL AND CEEEMONIALi LIFE 93 Soulouche mastab^ (Sliulush imastabi). Sonakabe tachka (Asonakabe tashka). Pacana sulacta (or Pacana oulacta) (Pakna bolabta). Village of AyanabS Astchichaa (Ashachi chaha?). Tachikcaoulakta (Tashka holahta). Village of Okeloussa Mingo ponsecouobe (Mi°ko puskus ushi). Oulatouktale (Holabta oktaui?). Taskanaugouchi (Tashka nanukachi). Village of Concha (or Coucha) : Asatchioullou (Ashachi hollo). Alibamon miugo (Alabama mi^ko). Taskanaugouchi (Tashka nanukachi). Tichou mingo (Tishu mi^ko). Village of Tt6 tchipota : Opatchi mingo (Hopakachi mi°ko). Tachka mingo (Tashka mi''ko). Village of Chkanppa Mingo emitta (Mi^ko imataha). Tachka mingo nakfich (Tfishka mi"ko nakfish). Tachka oumma (Tashka homma). Taskanaugouchi (T
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T^ W^V^lf T^UItli^^I'MlfXtKKKX^,- s
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,\JL . S. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION B
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CONTENTS Introduction 1 Historical
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BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLET
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2 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bul
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4 BIJKEAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bu
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12 BIJEEAU OF AMEEICAlSr ETHNOLOGY
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20 BITEEAU OP AMERICAIT ETHNOLOGY [
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swanton] choctaw social and ceremon
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Page Acorns, use of 48 Adoption, cu
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Dances—Coutimied. INDEX 277 Page
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Page Material ctjltxjke 37-55 Medic
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Suicide—Continued. Page cause of
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liiiiiii i |iiil!BilB| SMITHSONIAN
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